[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/gyegu-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/gyegu-wikipedia\/","headline":"Gy\u00eagu – Wikipedia","name":"Gy\u00eagu – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Town in Qinghai, China after-content-x4 Gy\u00eagu Subdistrict, formerly a part of the Gy\u00eagu or Jiegu town is a township-level","datePublished":"2022-11-14","dateModified":"2022-11-14","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/66\/Gyegustreetscene_Gruschke.jpg\/250px-Gyegustreetscene_Gruschke.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/66\/Gyegustreetscene_Gruschke.jpg\/250px-Gyegustreetscene_Gruschke.jpg","height":"188","width":"250"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/gyegu-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2950,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Town in Qinghai, China       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Gy\u00eagu Subdistrict, formerly a part of the Gy\u00eagu or Jiegu town is a township-level division in Yushu, Yushu TAP, Qinghai, China. The name Gy\u00eagu is still a common name for the Yushu city proper, which include Gy\u00eagu subdistrict and three other subdistricts evolved from the former Gy\u00eagu town. The four subdistricts altogether forms a modern town which developed from the old Tibetan trade mart called Jyekundo or Gy\u00eagumdo in Tibetan and most Western sources. The town is also referred to as Yushu, synonymous with the prefecture of Yushu and the city of Yushu.The present name Gy\u00eagu (Jiegu) (simplified Chinese: \u7ed3\u53e4\u9547; traditional Chinese: \u7d50\u53e4\u93ae; pinyin: Ji\u00e9g\u01d4 Zh\u00e8n; also spelled Jyegu) is derived from Gy\u00eagudo (\u0f66\u0f90\u0fb1\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f42\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f51\u0f7c\u0f0b, ZWPY: Gy\u00eagumdo, Wylie: skye dgu mdo or skye rgu mdo; simplified Chinese: \u7ed3\u53e4\u591a; traditional Chinese: \u7d50\u53e4\u591a; pinyin: Ji\u00e9g\u01d4du\u014d).       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The Tibetan designation Gy\u00eagumdo indicates that it is a place where one valley opens into another one (mdo), here formed by two tributaries of the Batang River, Za Qu (rdza chu) and Bai Qu (B\u00e4 Qu, dpal chu).  Since Gy\u00eagu (skye dgu) also means men, mankind or all beings,  the name could be interpreted as the \u2018dwelling place of men at a valley junction\u2019.[1]Chinese maps show the “main” river flowing through the town (coming from the south, and then turning to the east, toward the Tongtian River (Dri Chu), after taking on a tributary in Gy\u00eagu) as the Batang River (\u5df4\u5858\u6cb3).Table of ContentsGeography[edit]Significance as major trade mart[edit]History and traditional culture[edit]Monasticism[edit]Gy\u00eagu Tibetan Khampa Festival[edit]2010 earthquake[edit]References[edit]Bibliography[edit]External links[edit]Geography[edit]Gy\u00eagu (Jiegu) is located in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, at an elevation of 3,700\u00a0m (12,100\u00a0ft).  The town is located in the Batang River (Zha Chu) valley, surrounded by mountains.[2]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The town is reached by a two-day car ride on China National Highway 214 – a good, mostly metalled road leading all the way from Xining (820\u00a0km or 510\u00a0mi), the provincial capital, via the Sun and Moon Pass, Gonghe-Chabcha of Hainan prefecture and Madoi in Golog across the Bayankara Mountains. 25\u00a0km (16\u00a0mi) before arriving at Gy\u00eagu, the Dri Chu (Yangtze River) is crossed.In 2007 the construction of an airstrip was begun. The facility, named Yushu Batang Airport, was opened on August 1, 2009.[3] Located  18 kilometers to the south of the town at the  3,890 meters elevation about the sea level, this the highest airport in Qinghai Province.[3]The airport has a 3,800 meter-long runway, and can receive A319 aircraft. The passenger terminal is designed to serve up to 80,000 passengers per year.[3]The official 2009 statistics show that the airport served 7,484 passengers during 2009, the first (incomplete) year of its operation.[citation needed]Given the fact that almost the entire area of the Yushu region is a realm of nomadic pastoralists, Gy\u00eagu is one of the few places in this part of the vast Tibetan highlands where permanent settlement proved to provide a livelihood for Tibetan farmers and traders. Here, peasants grow barley on riverside fields.[4]Significance as major trade mart[edit]  Street scene in Gy\u00eagu (2005)The significance of Gy\u00eagu developed from its being an old trade hub, situated at the crossroads of important trade routes between Ya’an (formerly Yazhou) in China\u2019s Sichuan province and Xining in Amdo\u2019s heartland, as well as between Xining and Lhasa.In 1893 W.W. Rockhill stressed the strategic and commercial importance of the town:…fairly good roads (for Tibet) radiate from it all over the country.[2] Commercially considered it is a distributing point for the Chinese trade in the northeastern part of K\u2019amdo, and is the only town in that region where Chinese merchants are allowed to reside. (…)The most important road starting from this point is that leading to Ta-chien-lu in Ss\u00fb-ch\u2019uan, which I followed. Another leads across the steppes on the west to Nag ch\u2019u-k\u2019a, where it meets the \u2018northern route\u2019 (chang lam) from Hsi-ning, and thence reaches Lh\u2019asa in nine days. Another leads to Ch\u2019amdo, in about ten days. Still another passes by Tumbumdo and Tendo, and going through the Golok country comes to Sung-p\u2019an t\u2019ing in northwestern Ss\u00fb-ch\u2019uan. The capital of D\u00e9rg\u00e9 is reached from Jy\u00e9kundo in six days, and from that town Bat\u2019ang is only eight days farther south.[5]At that time, from one of the main tea trade centres in China’s southwest, Ya’an in Sichuan, some 90,000 loads of tea bricks were carried annually to Gy\u00eagu. More than half of those, 50,000 loads, continued to be transported to Lhasa and the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR).  The better qualities of tea were ordinarily taken on this Janglam, i.e. the northern route of the China trade route to Lhasa leading from Kangding via Dawu and Kardse to Gy\u00eagu.The caravans doing trade here were led by well-dressed and well-mounted merchants.  In the early 20th century, when trade was at its peak in Gy\u00eagu, the town had a native population of about 100 Tibetan families\u2014400 persons\u2014plus 300 to 400 monks in D\u00f6ndrub Ling monastery.[6]The population doubled periodically with the advent of several hundred Han and Hui merchants from the TAR and Sichuan, with some Mongols from China’s northwestern provinces of Shaanxi and Gansu.[7]History and traditional culture[edit]Monasticism[edit]Gy\u00eagu (Jiegu), like most parts of Yushu prefecture, is rich in Buddhist monasteries. Being a constituent of the local warlord or chieftain (Drawupon), one of the Twenty five chieftain under late Nangchen kingdom. the area was, for most of the time, not under domination by the Dalai Lama\u2019s Gelugpa order in Lhasa. The different balance of power in this part of Kham enabled the older Tibetan Buddhist orders to prevail in Yushu, and thus Gy\u00eagu.[7]  The main monastery in Yushu’s Gy\u00eagu townshipThe main lamasery in town is the Sakyapa monastery Doendrub Ling, commonly just called Yushu Gompa. Like at the beginning of the 20th century[8]Other nearby monastic sites include the important Karma-Kagyupa lamaseries Domkar Gompa and Thrangu Gompa, the famous Mahavairocana Temple (often called Wencheng Temple[citation needed]) and the popular religious site of Gyanamani with its billions of mani stones.The 9th Panchen Lama died here. “It was only after the 13th Dalai Lama’s death that IXth Panchen Lama was to return to Tibet. He died en route in Jyekundo on December 1, 1937.”[9]Prior to collectivization in 1958, the entire monastic population of present-day Yushu TAP amounted to more than 25,000 Buddhist monks and nuns, with approximately 300 incarnate lamas among them. On the average about three to five per cent of the population were monastic, with a strikingly higher share in Nangq\u00ean county, where monks and nuns made up between 12 and 20% of the community.Gy\u00eagu Tibetan Khampa Festival[edit]Since many different kinds of goods for trade and barter were brought in from all directions, the town became the residence of many of the richest families in the entire Tibetan highland. This wealth was and is demonstrated on two major occasions: the Tibetan New Year Festival and Gy\u00eagu Horse Festival.[7] The Horse Festival starts on each 25 July and lasts for several days. During the festival the colorful appliqu\u00e9 tents so typical for Tibetan summer outings cover the grasslands of the Bathang plain or the horse race grounds in the west of the town, with Khampas from all over Yushu prefecture, and even farther, showing off in between time and watching picturesque folk dances.2010 earthquake[edit]Wikinews has related news:The 2010 Yushu earthquake struck Gy\u00eagu on April 14. Gy\u00eagu was reported to be the worst hit town, and most of the buildings were wrecked.[10]References[edit]^ H.A. J\u00e4schke, A Tibetan-English Dictionary, Richmond 1998, pp. 29, 84; and Sarat Chandra Das, A Tibetan-English Dictionary with Sanskrit Synonyms, Calcutta 1902a, Reprint New Delhi and Madras 1989, p. 105. ‘all beings’. This is still correct even if we consider the alternative, mostly older, spelling Gy\u00eargu (skye rgu), for rgu is sometimes used instead of dgu. (Das, 1902a; J\u00e4schke 1998, p. 103)^ Atlas of China. Beijing, China: SinoMaps Press. 2006. ISBN\u00a09787503141782.^ a b c “Yushu Batang Airport officially opened on August 1st, 2009”. Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2010-04-25.^ Gruschke 2004, p. 35.^ W.\u00a0W. Rockhill (1894), p. 206 and note 2 on the same page.^ For long Jyekundo town was but a small community. This is how Fernand Grenard described it still in 1904: \u2018…we saw before us, planted on the top of a rock, the square buildings of a monastery, … and, lower down, clinging to the slope of the mountain, the white houses of a little Tibetan village. This was Jyerkundo.\u2019 (Grenard, 1974, pp. 139f.)^ a b c Gruschke (2004), p. 36.^ Acc. to P.K. Kozlow, (1908, p. 660) there were 500 monks in the lamasery, thus at least balancing, if not exceeding the town’s lay inhabitants at that time.^ Norbu, Dawa (1997). Tibet\u00a0: The Road Ahead. Chatham, Kent, UK: Prospero Books. p.\u00a0299. ISBN\u00a01552678466. OCLC\u00a052423696.^ “Hundreds die in west China quake”. 14 April 2010.Bibliography[edit]David-N\u00e9el, Alexandra, Grand Tibet; Au pays des brigands-gentilshommes (1933)Fernand Grenard: Tibet. The country and its inhabitants, London 1904 Reprint Delhi 1974.Andreas Gruschke: The Cultural Monuments of Tibet\u2019s Outer Provinces: Kham, vol. 2: The Qinghai Part of Kham. Bangkok 2004, pp.\u00a027\u201362.Hannue, Dialogues Tibetan Dialogues Han (2008)P.K. Kozlow: Through Eastern Tibet and Kam in: The Geographical Journal, vol. 31, London 1908.W.W. Rockhill, Diary of a Journey through Mongolia and Tibet in 1891 and 1892, Washington 1894External links[edit]     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/gyegu-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Gy\u00eagu – Wikipedia"}}]}]