[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/ispahbads-of-gilan-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/ispahbads-of-gilan-wikipedia\/","headline":"Ispahbads of Gilan – Wikipedia","name":"Ispahbads of Gilan – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Ispahbads of G\u012bl\u0101n (Persian: \u0627\u0633\u067e\u0647\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0646) or Esfahbad of G\u012bl\u0101n was a small","datePublished":"2020-06-25","dateModified":"2020-06-25","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bc\/Caucasus_1311_AD_map_de_alt.svg\/220px-Caucasus_1311_AD_map_de_alt.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bc\/Caucasus_1311_AD_map_de_alt.svg\/220px-Caucasus_1311_AD_map_de_alt.svg.png","height":"171","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/ispahbads-of-gilan-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2116,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Ispahbads of G\u012bl\u0101n (Persian: \u0627\u0633\u067e\u0647\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0646) or Esfahbad of G\u012bl\u0101n was a small principality in Iran. In the 14th century, \u0100st\u0101r\u0101 became the seat of the principality.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsHistory[edit]Decline[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]Sources[edit]History[edit]According to Minorsky, no detailed record seems to be extant of a principality which for a long time existed on the territory between Gilan and M\u016bq\u0101n (M\u016bgh\u0101n) and whose rulers had the title of ispahbad or sipahbad. According to Ibn Khurd\u0101dhbih (who wrote not later than in 885) M\u016bq\u0101n belonged to Shekla. Towards 936, the isfahbadh of M\u016bq\u0101n, Ibn-Dal\u016bla, sided with a rebel chief of Gilan, Lashkar\u012b ibn-Mard\u012b, and opposed the Kurdish ruler of Azarbayjan, Daysam ibn-Ibr\u0101h\u012bm. His headquarters seem to have been on the northern bank of the Araxes and we cannot say whether he was of the same family as the later sipahbads of Gilan, whose activities centered more to the south, in T\u0101lish. The late A. Kasravi discovered in the d\u012bv\u0101n of the poet Qatran a curious ode on an expedition which the Raw\u0101d\u012b ruler of Tabriz, Vahs\u016bd\u0101n (circa 1025-59) sent to Ardabil, under the leadership of his son Mamlan. As a result, a fortress was built in Ardabil and the sipahbad of M\u016bq\u0101n had to submit to the conqueror.As of Gilan, Mustawf\u012b mentions the little town of I\u1e63fahbad, which Y\u0101\u1e33\u016bt spells Isfahbudh\u0101n, adding that stood two miles distant from the coast of the Caspian, but nor otherwise indicating its position; corn, rice, and a little fruit were grown here, ind in neighboring district were near a hundred villages. The name of the township came from the I\u1e63fahbads.  In later Seljuk times we hear of \u00abNusrat al-d\u012bn Abul-Muzaffar Ispahbad Kiy\u0101 Liv\u0101sh\u012br\u00bb, to whom Khaqan\u012b dedicated several poems in which he praised his liberality and mourned his untimely demise. In a threnody written after his death, he says farewell to Shand\u0101n and Archav\u0101n, of which the former is an ancient fortress (north of the Astara river) and the latter a village lying some 7\u20138\u00a0km. to the N.W. of Ast\u0101r\u0101.This may have been only a splinter of the ancient territory of the sipahbads, but the fact is that in it they survived even in the days of the Mongol Ilkhans. The History of Ulj\u0101yt\u016b, quoting the description of Gilan by one Asil al-din Muhammad Zauzan\u012b (at the time of the arrival of Hulagu, circa 1256), also names Shand\u0101n as the capital of the sipahbads.[8]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4According to the Safvat, when Safi al-din was inquiring in Fars about the whereabouts of Shaykh Z\u0101hid, he was told that the latter lived in the part of Gilan belonging to the Ispahbad (G\u012bl\u0101n-i Ispahbad). It further tells how Shaykh Z\u0101hid interceded in favour of Malik Ahmad Isbahbad of Gilan, when Ghazan fell foul of him and arrested him, and how Malik Ahmad entertained the shaykh. According to H\u0101fiz-i Abr\u016b, at the time of Ulj\u0101yt\u016b’s campaign in Gilan (1307), the Sipahbad’s name was Rukn al-din Ahmad and he served as a guide to the troops of Amir Chopan. Consequently, it becomes probable that the Malik Ahmad mentioned in Abu-Sa’\u012bd’s decree (Melig Aqmad) as having given the three villages (Kenle\u010de, Sidil, and Aradi) to Badr al-d\u012bn Mahm\u016bd was the same local ruler.[9]Q\u0101sim al-anv\u0101r who lived in 1356\u20131433 and was closely connected with the Safavid family, tells in one of his poems a story about the sipahbad of Gilan Jal\u0101l al-d\u012bn H\u016bsayn whose throne (takht) was in Ast\u0101r\u0101.Decline[edit]According to Minorsky, we do not know whether the later governors of Astara still continued the line of the ispahbads. Even after the conquest of Northern T\u0101lish by the Russians (1813) the family of the T\u0101lish-khans maintained some special rights but the degree of its connexion with the ancient sipahbads would require painstaking investigation.See also[edit]References[edit]^ Minorsky 1954, p.\u00a0525: “Mamlakat-i Sipahbad“^ Minorsky 1954, p.\u00a0525: “mustaqarr-i sar\u012br-i mamlakat-i sipahbad“^ Minorsky 1954, p.\u00a0525: “W. B. Henning seeks the three villages granted to Badr al-d\u012bn Mahm\u016bd in the basin of the V\u012bl\u0101\u017e-r\u016bd in the northern part of T\u0101lish, and in fact the name Aradi sounds very much like the present-day Arat Such a hypothesis would lead us to admit that the sipahbad’s writ went so far north as the V\u012bl\u0101\u017e-r\u016bd, which, at present, forms the northern frontier of the T\u0101lish\u012b-speaking population with their prevailing neighbours, the Azarbayjan Turks. The local toponymy suggests that the Iranian Talish\u012b dialect originally spread considerably further north and, if the sipahbad was actually the ruler of the T\u0101lish people, nothing stands in the way of his making assignments of lands on the V\u012bl\u0101\u017e-r\u016bd and the outskirts of the M\u016bq\u0101n steppe.”Sources[edit]Bazin, Marcel [in Persian] (2012) [1987]. “\u0100ST\u0100R\u0100 i. Town and sub-province”.  In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclop\u00e6dia Iranica. Fasc. 8. Vol.\u00a0II. New York City: Bibliotheca Persica Press. pp.\u00a0837\u2013838.\u1e24ar\u012br\u012b, A\u0161raf [in Persian] (2006). \u0100st\u0101r\u0101 dar gu\u1e0farg\u0101h-i t\u0101r\u012b\u1e2b (in Persian). Rasht: Dihsar\u0101. ISBN\u00a09789648575385.Le Strange, Guy (1905). The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate: Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia, from the Moslem Conquest to the Time of Timur. New York: Barnes & Noble, Inc. OCLC\u00a01044046.Minorsky, Vladimir (October 1954). “A Mongol Decree of 720\/1320 to the Family of Shaykh Z\u0101hid”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. London: SOAS, University of London. 16 (3): 515\u2013527. doi:10.1017\/S0041977X00086821. JSTOR\u00a0608620. S2CID\u00a0159901706.     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/ispahbads-of-gilan-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Ispahbads of Gilan – Wikipedia"}}]}]