[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/jean-jules-godefroy-cales-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/jean-jules-godefroy-cales-wikipedia\/","headline":"Jean Jules Godefroy Cal\u00e8s – Wikipedia","name":"Jean Jules Godefroy Cal\u00e8s – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Jean Jules Godefroy Cal\u00e8s (French pronunciation:\u00a0\u200b[\u0292\u0251\u0303 \u0292yl \u0261\u0254df\u0281wa kal\u025bs]) was a French politician and physician. He was born on","datePublished":"2017-07-27","dateModified":"2017-07-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/34\/Jean_Jules_Godefroy_Cal%C3%A8s_%28photographie%29.jpg\/230px-Jean_Jules_Godefroy_Cal%C3%A8s_%28photographie%29.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/34\/Jean_Jules_Godefroy_Cal%C3%A8s_%28photographie%29.jpg\/230px-Jean_Jules_Godefroy_Cal%C3%A8s_%28photographie%29.jpg","height":"286","width":"230"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/jean-jules-godefroy-cales-wikipedia\/","wordCount":5340,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Jean Jules Godefroy Cal\u00e8s (French pronunciation:\u00a0\u200b[\u0292\u0251\u0303 \u0292yl \u0261\u0254df\u0281wa kal\u025bs]) was a French politician and physician. He was born on July 24, 1828, in Villefranche-de-Lauragais (Haute-Garonne) and died on November 2, 1899, in Bordeaux (Gironde).       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsBiography[edit]Under the Second French Empire (1852\u20131870)[edit]Under the French Third Republic (1870\u20131885)[edit]At the French Parliament (1885\u20131889)[edit]At the Direction of the psychiatric Hospital \u00ab\u00a0Ch\u00e2teau-Picon\u00a0\u00bb of Bordeaux (1889\u20131899)[edit]Decorations and honors[edit]Hommage[edit]Genealogy[edit]Annexes[edit]Bibliography[edit]References[edit]Biography[edit]\u00ab\u00a0Son of Jean Marie No\u00ebl Godefroy Cal\u00e8s, physician doctor, and of dame L\u00e9onie Alphonsine Zulm\u00e9e Metg\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb,[1] Jean Jules Godefroy Cal\u00e8s was born in Villefranche-de-Lauragais (Haute-Garonne) on July 24, 1828. His father, the doctor Godefroy Cal\u00e8s (1799\u20131868) was a deputy (Repr\u00e9sentant du Peuple) of Haute-Garonne at the Constituent National Assembly (1848\u20131849) under the French Second Republic. His grandfather, Jean Cal\u00e8s (1764\u20131840), also physician, was the Administrator of Haute-Garonne and Inspector-General of military hospitals. His grand-uncles[2] were Jean-Marie Cal\u00e8s (1757\u20131834), who was deputy at the National Convention and at the Council of Five Hundred under the French Revolution, and Jean-Chrysost\u00f4me Cal\u00e8s (1769\u20131853), who was colonel of the Great Army, baron of the Empire and elected at the ephemeral Chamber of Representatives created by Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte during the period of the Hundred Days in 1815. The Cal\u00e8s family came from old Protestant families rooted in the region of Lauragais and forced to convert to Catholicism after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes issued by king Louis XIV in 1685.[3]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Under the Second French Empire (1852\u20131870)[edit]Jean Jules Godefroy studied medicine in Paris and in Montpellier, and, after receiving his doctor’s degree in 1854, he settled in his native town of Villefranche-de-Lauragais. He exercised there, and free of charge, the functions of doctor of the prisons, of the gendarmerie, of the charity office, and of the schools & assisted children.[4] He was later elected Municipal Councilor (1863\u20131875) and then Mayor of Villefranche-de-Lauragais (1875\u20131892), a function he exercised for nearly seventeen years. He also became General Councilor of the canton of Villefranche from 1880 to 1898.[5]  Jean Jules Godefroy Cal\u00e8s (photograph of the second half of the 19th century)During the Second French Empire, Cal\u00e8s took part to the fights of the Democratic Party against Emperor Napoleon III, and presented his candidature to the Corps l\u00e9gislatif (French parliament), as a candidate of the Republican Opposition at the Legislative Elections of May 24, 1869, in the 3rd district of Haute-Garonne: he failed, obtaining however 7,730 votes against 16,523 for the official candidate, the outgoing Bonapartist deputy M. Piccioni.[6] The famous leader of the French Socialist Party Jules Guesde will report with ardor, indignation and with a certain sense of irony, this electoral defeat of the doctor Cal\u00e8s in a polemical article published the August 31, 1869, in his republican newspaper \u00ab\u00a0La libert\u00e9 de l\u2019H\u00e9rault\u00a0\u00bb:[7]\u00ab\u00a0Do we want to know the difference between the Authoritarian Empire and the Liberal Empire? Last May, Mr. Jules Cal\u00e8s, a doctor of medicine installed in Villefranche (Haute-Garonne), ran against Mr. Piccioni. Upon which he is dismissed from his functions of cantonal doctor. That was the Authoritarian Empire. Dr. Cal\u00e8s remains deaf to this first warning. He maintains his democratic candidacy. And on the 17th of August \u2013 that is to say, just three days after the amnesty \u2013 he is dismissed from his duties of prison doctor. That is the Liberal Empire.\u00a0\u00bb\u2014\u2009Jules GuesdeUnder the French Third Republic (1870\u20131885)[edit]         (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Toulouse military camp in February 1871 (photography by Eug\u00e8ne Trutat \u2013 City Archives of Toulouse)After the outbreak of the Franco-German war on July 19, 1870, Cal\u00e8s was appointed, Sub-Prefect of his Arrondissement on September 5, 1870,[8] just three days after the defeat of the French troops at the battle of Sedan and the capitulation of Napoleon III on September 2 (which provoked his exile and the fall of the Second Empire), and the next day only after the proclamation of the Third Republic by Republican leader L\u00e9on Gambetta, on September 4. But soon he considered that his place was with those who defended France against the Prussian invasion. He thus resigned from his new position and joined the Army in November, in one of the eleven regional military camps created by Gambetta,[9] who was newly appointed Minister of the Interior and of War in the Government of National Defense. He was appointed Chief Physician of the military Camp of Toulouse on November 20, 1870, a position he held until his demobilization on March 15, 1871.[8]After the victory of the German troops, the signing of the Armistice of Versailles on January 28, 1871, and the suspension of the hostilities, and in accordance with the German requirements which stipulated that elections should be organized rapidly to form an Assembly aimed at ratifying peace, Cal\u00e8s made a second electoral attempt at the Legislative Elections of February 8, 1871: he arrived first on the list of the Republican Party led by Gambetta with 27,349 votes. However, the mixed list of the National Union, essentially composed of Monarchists, won (M. de Belcastel, the last elected member of this list, passed with 63,123 votes). The newly formed Assembly, mostly monarchist and favorable to peace, invested on February 19, a new government headed by Adolphe Thiers.He was not more successful at the Legislative Elections of August 21, 1881; 4,229 \u00ab\u00a0opportunistic\u00bb votes (Moderate Republicans, center-left) were reported on his name in the second district of Toulouse, but the outgoing Radical-socialist (extreme-left) deputy and ex-Prefect of Haute-Garonne in 1870, Armand Duportal was reelected with 4,618 votes.Jean Jules Godefroy Cal\u00e8s, however, was made Knight of the Legion of Honor (Chevalier de la L\u00e9gion d’Honneur) on July 9, 1883.At the French Parliament (1885\u20131889)[edit]  Jean Jules Godefroy Cal\u00e8sJean Jules Godefroy Cal\u00e8s was finally elected deputy of Haute-Garonne at the Legislative Elections of October 4, 1885. As general councilor of Villefranche since 1880, he was placed on the list of the Moderate Republicans and obtained 27,244 votes in the first round. Several Republicans of diverse horizons decided to concentrate their votes on his list for the second round, to stop the success of the Monarchists (who had already two elected candidates). Thus, Cal\u00e8s passed as the penultimate of the list, on October 18, 1885, and was elected with 57,621 votes (out of 113,803 voters and 138,226 registered).Cal\u00e8s sat within the parliamentary group of the Radical Left, and held, in his votes, an almost equal balance between the Moderate and Opportunists Republicans and the Radicals Republicans, both in the majority of this new chamber, due to their grouping, and this, despite the push of the Conservative Union of the Monarchists and Bonapartists. Cal\u00e8s thus sat during 4 years, during the IVth legislature which took place from November 10, 1885, to November 11, 1889, under the presidency of the Republic of Jules Gr\u00e9vy (until December 2, 1887) and then of Sadi Carnot.Cal\u00e8s neither supported the Freycinet government (1886) nor the Goblet government (1886\u201387), both composed of broad parliamentary coalitions and including General Boulanger at the War Ministry. The General Georges Ernest Boulanger was an extremely popular politician, promoter of an aggressive nationalism (known as revanchism) against Germany (he was nicknamed \u00ab\u00a0G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Revanche\u00a0\u00bb), and powerful enough to establish himself as dictator at the zenith of his popularity in January 1889, obliging the Republican camp to reorganize and strengthen its solidarity in opposition to him. After having shaken the Third Republic, the General was finally condemned, fled France, and committed suicide in Belgium in 1891.[10] Cal\u00e8s supported however the Rouvier government (1887), in which General Boulanger was dismissed, the Tirard government (1887\u201388), composed by the President of the Republic Sadi Carnot, newly elected by the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies on December 2, 1887, the government Floquet (1888\u201389) and the second government Tirard (1889\u201390), all governments with a Republican opportunist majority. Established during the Boulanger affair, this prestigious cabinet, in which four former presidents of the Council were seating (Falli\u00e8res, de Freycinet, Rouvier and Tirard), was also supported by Radical Republicans to counter the Boulangist movement. In this last parliamentary session, Cal\u00e8s abstained on the re-establishment of the uni-nominal ballot (law of February 13, 1889), voted against the indefinite postponement of Constitutional revision, in favor of the Lisbon bill restrictive on the freedom of the press, and for the prosecution of three deputies who were members the far-right Ligue des Patriotes which was dissolved on April 3, 1889. In particular, he voted on April 4, 1889, in favor of the prosecution of General Boulanger \u00ab\u00a0for conspiracy and treasonable activity\u00a0\u00bb, thus marking the twilight of Boulangism.At the end of his mandate, Cal\u00e8s did not postulate for a second one (Legislative Elections of September 22, 1889).Like his father Godefroy Cal\u00e8s (1799\u20131868), Jean-Jules had a close friendship relation with the writer, philosopher, poet, historian, professor at the Coll\u00e8ge de France and republican politician Edgar Quinet (1803\u20131875) and his second wife, Hermiona Asachi (1821\u20131900). His father and Quinet had already met on the benches of the Constituent National Assembly of 1848 and had shared, then, many common ideas. The son maintained a regular epistolary correspondence from 1868 to 1973 with the couple Quinet[11][12][13] during their forced exile in Switzerland (sent by Napoleon III) and after their return to France in 1870. The Quinet will respond to the invitation of Cal\u00e8s and come to visit him several times in Villefranche-de-Lauragais. Madame Quinet wrote later:[14]\u00ab\u00a0It is a family adored in the country, respected by its opponents: since 89, leaders of the Lauragais democracy from father to son. From the Conventional [Jean-Marie Cal\u00e8s], to the representative of the Constituent Assembly [Godefroy Cal\u00e8s], all republicans, men of heart. Jules Cal\u00e8s, our friend, is indeed the worthy son of a worthy father\u00a0\u00bb\u2014\u2009Madame Edgar QuinetAt the Direction of the psychiatric Hospital \u00ab\u00a0Ch\u00e2teau-Picon\u00a0\u00bb of Bordeaux (1889\u20131899)[edit]  Following his parliamentary career, Cal\u00e8s was appointed, on September 2, 1889, and until his death in November 1899, Director of the psychiatric asylum of Bordeaux, \u00ab\u00a0Ch\u00e2teau-Picon\u00a0\u00bb (since 1974: Hospital Center Charles Perrens). He died in this city on November 2, 1899, at the age of 71.He had with his wife Paule Laure Blanc only one son, Godefroy Victor Albert Cal\u00e8s (born in Villefranche on October 31, 1856, and deceased in Sarcelles in 1940), who will succeed him later, as sub-Prefect of Florac (Loz\u00e8re, 1894), then as Mayor of Villefranche-de-Lauragais (1896\u20131904) \u2013 where he installed public electricity for the first time in the city \u2013 and finally as General Councilor of the canton of Villefranche[5] (1898\u20131904 then 1907\u20131914[15]) in the list of the Radical-socialist party. Albert Cal\u00e8s presented, without success, his candidature at the legislative elections of 1906 (the candidate of the moderate Right, Henri Auriol, won). He was then appointed to the warehouse administration for tobacco in Bordeaux and finally tax collector in Dammartin-en-Go\u00eble in the region of Paris, where he had a rather controversial end of life.[16]Albert Cal\u00e8s was married three times during his life, first with Marie Cabantous (who died very early, on September 13, 1882, in Villefranche) with whom he had his unique daughter (Augustine Laure Marthe Cal\u00e8s, deceased in 1977, the only descendant of Jean Jules Godefroy and Albert Cal\u00e8s), then with Jeanne Cav\u00e9-Esgaris (also deceased early), and finally with Jeanne Pebernad de Langautier (1875\u20131962), whom he will marry on September 14, 1902.[17]Decorations and honors[edit] Chevalier de l’Ordre de la l\u00e9gion d’Honneur (Knight rank – July 9, 1883).[1] Officier de l’Ordre des Palmes Acad\u00e9miques (Officer rank – \u00ab\u00a0Officier d\u2019Acad\u00e9mie\u00a0\u00bb).[1]  Square J.-G Cal\u00e8s in Villefranche-de-Lauragais, in 1915 (editions Papeterie Frayssinet)Hommage[edit]Genealogy[edit]Jean Jules Godefroy Cal\u00e8s is:Annexes[edit]Bibliography[edit]\u00ab\u00a0Jean Jules Godefroy Cal\u00e8s\u00a0\u00bb, in Robert et Cougny, Dictionnaire des parlementaires fran\u00e7ais, 1889Biography of Jean Jules Godefroy Cal\u00e8s on the website of the French National Assembly: http:\/\/www2.assemblee-nationale.fr\/sycomore\/fiche\/%28num_dept%29\/1376Ordre de la L\u00e9gion d’honneur: Archives of Jean Jules Godefroy Cal\u00e8s on the L\u00e9onore database.\u00ab\u00a0Lettres de Jean-Jules Cal\u00e8s \u00e0 Edgar Quinet et \u00e0 Mme Edgar Quinet (1868\u20131873)\u00a0\u00bb by Pierre Arches, in Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 arch\u00e9ologique, historique litt\u00e9raire & scientifique du Gers (January 1992), pp.\u00a0224\u2013236. Source: National Library of France. Rights: Public Domain. Free reading online on the website of the National Library Gallica: http:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/bpt6k65770312\/f226\u00ab\u00a0Lettres d’exil \u00e0 Michelet et \u00e0 divers amis\u00a0\u00bb (Exile Letters to Michelet and to diverse friends) by Edgar Quinet, in 4 volumes, Editions Calmann L\u00e9vy (1886). Public Domain. Free reading online on the website of “the Internet Archive” (Digitized by Google) https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lettresdexilmic01quingoog\u00ab\u00a0Edgar Quinet depuis l’exil\u00a0\u00bb (Edgar Quinet from exile) by Mrs. Edgar Quinet, Hermione (1821\u20131900). Publisher: Calmann L\u00e9vy (Paris), 1889. Public domain. In French. Identify: ark: \/ 12148 \/ bpt6k836945. Source: National Library of France, Literature and Art Department, 8-Ln27-40314. Available on Gallica’s website: http:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/bpt6k836945\/\u00ab\u00a0Une famille du Midi du XVIIe si\u00e8cle \u00e0 nos jours\u00a0: les Cal\u00e8s et leur descendance\u00a0\u00bb (A southern family from the 17th century to the present day: the Cal\u00e8s and their descendants) by Pierre Arches, in la Revue du Tarn, no. 136 (1989), pp.\u00a0611\u2013627.References[edit]^ a b c Ordre de la L\u00e9gion d’honneur: Archives of Jean Jules Godefroy Cal\u00e8s on the L\u00e9onore database.^ The Cal\u00e8s siblings consisted of:1) Jean-Marie (16\/10\/1757-Cessales, \u2020 13\/04\/1834-Li\u00e8ge), Physician and Deputy. Without descendants.2) Jean (08\/11\/1764-Caraman, \u2020 11\/10\/1840-Mazamet), Physician and Inspector General of Military Hospitals, married to Marianne Louise Victorine Fournier (?, \u2020 09\/02\/1744-Villefranche). Father of Godefroy Cal\u00e8s (1799\u20131868) and Louis Denis Godefroy Cal\u00e8s (1800\u2013?)3) Jean-Louis, known as Figeac (19\/12\/1766-?, \u2020 14\/01\/1850-Cessales), Physician, married (in 1839, at 73 years old) to Paule Bonnet (16\/05\/1783-Renneville, \u2020?). Without descendants.4) Jean-Chrysost\u00f4me (27\/01\/1769-Caraman, \u2020 21\/08\/1853-Cessales), Colonel and Baron of the Empire. Without descendants.5) Jean Joseph Etienne Victorin (26\/04\/1772-?, \u2020 16\/06\/1853-Cessales), Military Officer. Without descendants.6) Jean Joseph7) Etienne, known as Petit (21\/08\/1773-?, \u2020 22\/01\/1855-Cessales), Unmarried, without profession. Without descendants.8) Jean9) Marie Etiennette (? -Caraman, \u2020 08\/01\/1849-Villefranche), married to Jean-Paul Pujol, Notary in Villefranche (\u2020 01\/02\/1840-Villefranche). Mother of Constantine Pujol (\u2020 1861) and Marie Justine Pujol (1796\u20131894).10) Marie Justine (? -Toulouse, \u2020 05\/09\/1873-Villefranche), married to Constantin Pujol (\u2020 10\/06\/1844-Villefranche). Without descendants.^ \u00ab\u00a0Le Conventionnel Jean-Marie Cal\u00e9s (1757- 1834): du Lauragais \u00e0 Li\u00e8ge.\u00a0\u00bb by Pierre Arches, Actes des 115e et 116e Congr\u00e8s nationaux des Soc. savantes, Avignon, 1990 et Chamb\u00e9ry, 1991, Section d’H. moderne et cont., T. II, (1992), pp. 225\u2013232. In French^ in \u00ab\u00a0Bulletin Officiel du Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Int\u00e9rieur\u00a0\u00bb (“Official Bulletin of the Ministry of the Interior”) (A46, N8), 1883, page 202. Public domain. Source: National Library of France. Available (in French) on the Gallica website: http:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/bpt6k55313486\/^ a b “Conseillers g\u00e9n\u00e9raux de la Haute-Garonne: 1800-2006” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2016. Retrieved September 29, 2017.^ Two other independent candidates obtained: M. de Peyre, 4,147 votes and M. de Brettes-Thurin, 3,732 votes^ Article of Jules Guesde, in \u00ab\u00a0La libert\u00e9 de l\u2019H\u00e9rault\u00a0\u00bb, August 31, 1869. In French.^ a b in \u00ab\u00a0Lettres de Jean-Jules Cal\u00e8s \u00e0 Edgar Quinet et \u00e0 Mme Edgar Quinet (1868\u20131873)\u00a0\u00bb, Pierre Arches, January 1992, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 arch\u00e9ologique, historique litt\u00e9raire & scientifique du Gers. Public domain. Read online on the website of Gallica (Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France): http:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/bpt6k65770312\/f226^ in \u00ab\u00a0Gambetta et la d\u00e9fense nationale, 1870\u20131871\u00a0\u00bb, by Henri Dutrait-Crozon (1916), 1st Part, BOOK IV, CHAPTER VIII \u00ab\u00a0Le Camp de Toulouse\u00a0\u00bb, pp. 212\u2013228, Editions: Nouvelle Librairie Nationale, Paris. Public Domain. Read, in French, on the site of Archive.org: https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/gambettaetladf00dutruoft#page\/212^ Jean-Marie Mayeur and Madeleine Reb\u00e9rioux: \u00ab\u00a0The Third Republic from its Origins to the Great War, 1871\u20131914\u00a0\u00bb (1984), p. 136^ \u00ab\u00a0Lettres de Jean-Jules Cal\u00e8s \u00e0 Edgar Quinet et \u00e0 Mme Edgar Quinet (1868\u20131873)\u00a0\u00bb by Pierre Arches, in the Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 arch\u00e9ologique, historique litt\u00e9raire & scientifique du Gers (January 1992), pp. 224\u2013236. Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France. Public domain. Read online on the website of Gallica: http:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/bpt6k65770312\/f226^ Two letters of Edgar Quinet to Dr. Jules Cal\u00e8s in \u00ab\u00a0Lettres d’exil \u00e0 Michelet et \u00e0 divers amis\u00a0\u00bb, Publisher: Calmann L\u00e9vy (1886). A) Condolence letter (August 8, 1868) written from Plans de Fresni\u00e8re: Volume III, p. 440 read online & B) Letter (December 29, 1873) written from Versailles: Volume IV, pp. 440\u2013442 read online archive. Public domain. Read online on the website of “the Internet Archive” (Digitized by Google)^ \u00ab\u00a0To travel the paths of France, this former vow of exile was realized in September. An excellent friend, Dr. Cal\u00e8s, son of the former colleague of the Constituent Assembly, affectionately insisted on having Edgar Quinet under his roof in Villefranche-de-Lauraguais; We made this trip, by short days, from Villers to Tours, then to Toulouse. The reception received in this hospital house is summarized by a letter written a few months later. \u00ab\u00a0Ah! dear Cal\u00e8s, how well you did me and do me every day! I am not allowed to have black thoughts. Thinking about you, your father, I must believe that happy life is not only in youth, but rather at my age. Because you are, among men, what I know of the best, and it is an unexpected thing that I could have met you\u00a0\u00bb.\u00a0\u00bb In \u00ab\u00a0Edgar Quinet depuis l’exil\u00a0\u00bb (Edgar Quinet from exile) p. 420, Second Part (Retour en France), Chapter III (Le Lauragais), by Mrs. Edgar Quinet, Hermione (1821\u20131900). Publisher: Calmann L\u00e9vy (Paris), 1889. Public domain. In French. Identify: ark: \/ 12148 \/ bpt6k836945. Source: National Library of France, Literature and Art Department, 8-Ln27-40314. Available on Gallica’s website: http:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/bpt6k836945\/^ Madame Edgar Quinet, \u00ab\u00a0Sentiers de France\u00a0\u00bb, pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 d’une pr\u00e9face d’Edgar Quinet (preceded by an introduction by Edgar Quinet), Paris, 1875, p.278. In French.^ “Journal officiel de la R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise. Lois et d\u00e9crets”. March 5, 1914.^ Albert Cal\u00e8s was arrested and imprisoned in Bois-Colombes on January 7, 1914, for embezzlement, following a complaint filed by the association “the mutual guarantee of the tax collectors”. (Le Journal (Paris) \u2013 January 8, 1914 \u2013 Source: National Library of France, http:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/bpt6k7598805d\/ (public domain, in French.)\u00ab\u00a0He was living in Paris, where he was dealing with various businesses, stock market speculation, real estate loans; he was well known in the caf\u00e9s of the boulevard, where people with financial projects meet. The tax collector of Dammartin had had many adventures, in which women played the leading part.\u00a0\u00bb In L’Express du Midi \u2013 January 7, 1914, Bulletin M\u00e9ridional \u2013 Arrest of Mr. Albert Cal\u00e9s^ Etat Civil de Toulouse, Publications de mariages du 14 septembre 1902. in L’Express du Midi, Thursday September 18, 1902.     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/jean-jules-godefroy-cales-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Jean Jules Godefroy Cal\u00e8s – Wikipedia"}}]}]