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(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Jordi S\u00e0nchez i Picanyol (born 1 October 1964) is a Spanish political activist from Catalonia, who was president of the Catalan National Assembly (ANC) between May 2015 and November 2017.[1][2]He was imprisoned in October 2017, accused of sedition in connection with the Catalan independence referendum.[3] In March 2018, following the Catalan regional election in December, he was proposed as candidate for president by the leading pro-independence Together for Catalonia alliance, led by the former president Carles Puigdemont, who was in Belgium.[4] On 10 July 2018 a Supreme Court judge suspended him as a deputy in the Catalan parliament.[5]During December 2018 he went on a hunger strike in protest against his imprisonment and treatment.[6]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4In the 2019 general election he was head of the Together for Catalonia candidacy for the Province of Barcelona. After being elected for the Congress of Deputies, he resigned as member of the Parliament of Catalonia on 18 May 2019.[7] He was sworn in on 20 May 2019,[8] but on 24 May, by a recommendation of the Supreme Court, the Board of the Congress suspended him and other Catalan independence leaders that were elected lawmakers.[9][10] In October 2019 he was sentenced guilty of sedition by Spanish Supreme Court, and given a nine-year sentence.[11]Amnesty International believes his detention and sentence constituted a disproportionate restriction on his rights to free speech and peaceful assembly.[12][13]He was freed in June 2021 following a government pardon.[14][15]Table of Contents       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Background[edit]Catalan National Assembly[edit]Imprisonment[edit]Reactions[edit]References[edit]Background[edit]In 1991, he received a degree in political science from the Autonomous University of Barcelona. A part-time instructor at the University of Barcelona, he has also taught at other universities.[16][17]He was the leader and spokesperson, with \u00c0ngel Colom, of the Crida a la Solidaritat (Call for Solidarity)[1] from 1983 until its dissolution in June 1993. Linked for many years to Iniciativa per Catalunya Verds, between 1996 and 2004 he was a board member of the Catalan Corporation for Public Broadcasting. In 1996 he was named assistant director of the Jaume Bofill Foundation, and then its director in 2001. He left the foundation in 2010 to take on a position as aide to the Ombudsman of Catalonia, Rafael Rib\u00f3, ex-leader of the ICV eco-socialists.[18]In addition to contributing periodically as an analyst of social and political issues in various media, between 2004 and 2006 he coordinated the creation of one of the five areas of the Pacte Nacional per l’Educaci\u00f3 (National Education Accord), specifically the one that laid out the foundations for a public education system. In 2008, he was the coordinator of one of the four areas of the Pacte Nacional per a la Immigraci\u00f3 (National Immigration Accord), in particular the part that addressed the need to adapt social services.[19]Catalan National Assembly[edit]On 16 May 2015, Jordi S\u00e0nchez took over the presidency of the ANC from Carme Forcadell, after having been elected by a broad majority of the members of the group’s National Board, meeting in Sant Vicen\u00e7 Hall in the castle at Cardona  despite the fact that the candidate who received the most votes from the organization’s members was the US-born publisher and writer, Liz Castro.[1] Nevertheless, S\u00e0nchez was considered a consensus candidate, and had been supported by the outgoing Executive board.[1]Imprisonment[edit]On 16 October 2017, Jordi S\u00e0nchez and Jordi Cuixart were preventively jailed after the state attorney’s accusation of sedition, a felony regulated by the article 544 and subsequents of the Spanish Criminal Code.[3][20][21]This sedition was allegedly committed when they organized a protest on 20 September 2017 during Operation Anubis police raids to dismantle the framework of the 1 October Catalan independence referendum performed by the Spanish Civil Guard.[22][23][24][25] They were accused of leading the protest of tens of thousands of people in front of the Catalan economy department heeding a call made by \u00d2mnium Cultural and ANC.[3] The investigating judge stated that the leaders did not call for “peaceful demonstration but to the protection of Catalan officials through ‘massive citizens’ mobilisations”, even though S\u00e0nchez and Cuixart made several public calls asking for “peaceful” and “civic” protests in social networks, in a public statement in front of the media at noon and in a speech in front of the demonstrators in the evening.[26][27][28][29] According to the judge, S\u00e0nchez encouraged the demonstrators with expressions such as “no one goes home, it will be a long and intense night”, on top of a police vehicle.[30][31][32] But footage from that night contradicts that and shows S\u00e0nchez and Cuixart calling off the protests on top of the car at 11pm: “We are asking you, to the extent possible and in a peaceful way, to dissolve today’s gathering”.[31][33][34][35][27] After those calls, most demonstrators left the place and only a few hundred remained. Those were dispersed by crowd-controls units of the autonomous police force of Catalonia, Mossos d’Esquadra.[27] Mossos recognized that there was a risk situation and denounced Spanish Civil Guard didn’t notify them in advance of the registries, making it impossible to prepare a police operation to keep demonstrators far from the building.[36][32][37]A sentence of sedition can carry up to 15 years in prison.[38][39] In July 2018, S\u00e0nchez was transferred to a prison in Catalonia.[40] Between December 1 and December 20, 2018, he started a hunger strike in order to ‘raise awareness’ of unfair treatment by Spain and to denounce Spanish courts’ refusal to process numerous appeals in relation to their cases.[41][42] On February 1, 2019, he was transferred back to a prison in Madrid, expecting trial that started on February the 12th[43] and ended and was remitted to decision on 12 June 2019.[44]On 14 October 2019 S\u00e0nchez was found guilty of sedition and given a nine-year sentence.[45][46][47]Reactions[edit]After his detention, activists launched a \u201cyellow-ribbon\u201d campaign in support of Jordi S\u00e0nchez and other Catalan activists and leaders who are being prosecuted by Spanish justice.[48]Catalan ex-President Carles Puigdemont and the European Free Alliance referred to S\u00e0nchez and Cuixart as “political prisoners”.[49][50] The Spanish Justice Minister Rafael Catal\u00e1 argued that they were not “political prisoners” but “imprisoned politicians”.[51]Amnesty International issued an official statement considering the charge of sedition and the preventive imprisonment “excessive” and called for their immediate release.Amnesty International calls on Spanish authorities to drop the charges of sedition and to put an immediate end to their pre-trial detention.\u2014\u2009Amnesty InternationalAmnesty International does not consider them “prisoners of conscience”. Amnesty International avoids the term “political prisoners” because there is no generally accepted definition of the term in international law and because generally speaking the term has many different meanings and interpretations. The term “political prisoners” is only used sporadically by the organisation as a descriptive term in specific cases with a strong political context. Amnesty explicitly avoids the term in cases where it might be confused with the term “prisoner of conscience”. The organisation says the two terms should not be confused.[52][53][54]On 19 October, 200,000 people with candles gathered in Avinguda Diagonal, Barcelona and on 21 October, 450,000 joined in Passeig de Gr\u00e0cia to protest against their imprisonment.[55][56]Another demonstration took place on 11 November, after the imprisonment of some members of the Catalan government, and congregated 750,000 people according to the local police.[57][58][59]On 7 March 2018, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights reminded Spanish authorities that “pre-trial detention should be considered a measure of last resort” referring to Catalan politicians and activists arrested after the independence referendum.[60] And on 23 March it reminded “Under rule 92 of the Committee’s rules of procedure, the State party has also been requested to take all necessary measures to ensure that Mr. Jordi S\u00e1nchez I Picanyol can exercise his political rights in compliance with article 25 of the Covenant.“.[61]On 8 August 2018, PEN International made another statement asking Spanish authorities to release Cuixart and S\u00e0nchez and considered their detentions to be “an excessive and disproportionate restriction on their right to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly“.[62][63]The World Organisation Against Torture sent an open letter to the president of the Government of Spain Pedro S\u00e1nchez as well as the Spanish Attorney General and Spanish Ombudsman on 22 November 2018 demanding the end of the “arbitrary pre-trial detention and judicial harassment of Jordi S\u00e0nchez and Jordi Cuixart” and concluded “OMCT considers that the charges against them are unfounded and must therefore be dropped.“[64] In December 2018, the International Association of Democratic Lawyers issued a statement requesting the release of ‘Catalan political prisoners’.[65]The day before the beginning of the trial, the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization expressed their support to “those Catalonian activists being trialled” and added “perhaps one of the biggest deficit of justice and deliberate confusion between law and justice, is seen in Catalonia.“.[66] On the same day, the European Democratic Lawyers association requested the “immediate” release of the Catalan leaders and expressed their “concern” because of the “lack of procedural guarantees during the trial“.[67]On 29 May 2019, the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention urged Spain to release S\u00e0nchez, Cuixart and Junqueras and to investigate their “arbitrary” detention and the violation of theirs rights, as well as compensating them for the time spent in jail. The Spanish government criticised the report, arguing that the reasoning for their opinion did not take into account some of the alleged crimes. Spain’s government issued a statement that raised “doubts” about the group’s “independence and impartiality” and called on the U.N. to make sure that its semi-independent working groups are not used “for spurious purposes”.[68][69]After S\u00e0nchez was sentenced to a nine-year sentence, Amnesty International reiterated his petition to immediately release S\u00e0nchez and Cuixart and denounced that the “vague” and “overly broad” interpretation of sedition done by the Spanish Supreme Court could have negative effects on the freedom of protest in Spain.[13]He was finally freed in June 2021 following a government pardon, together with other eight politicians imprisoned in connection with the Catalan independence referendum.[14][15]References[edit]^ a b c d Maiol, Roger. “Jordi S\u00e0nchez, nuevo presidente de la ANC” (in Spanish). Barcelona: El Pa\u00eds. Retrieved 19 July 2015.^ Moldes, Aleix (16 November 2017). “S\u00e0nchez deixa l’ANC per ser el 2 de Puigdemont”. Diari Ara (in Catalan). Retrieved 13 November 2018.^ a b c “The “Jordis” are not political prisoners \u2013 here’s why”. El Pa\u00eds. Retrieved 2017-10-19.^ “From Exile, Puigdemont Abandons Pursuit Of Catalonian Presidency”. NPR.org. Retrieved 2018-03-02.^ Llarena cierra el sumario del \u2018proc\u00e9s\u2019 y suspende como diputados a Puigdemont y Junqueras Published by El Pa\u00eds, July 10, 2018, retrieved July 10, 2018^ Bathgate, Rachel. “Jailed Catalan leaders end hunger strike”. www.catalannews.com. Retrieved 2019-02-03.[permanent dead link]^ S\u00e0nchez, Turull y Rull renuncian a su esca\u00f1o del Parlament para entrar en el Congreso (in Spanish)^ Junqueras, S\u00e0nchez, Rull y Turull prometen “como presos pol\u00edticos” (in Spanish)^ La Mesa del Congreso suspende a los diputados presos con los votos de PSOE, PP y Cs (in Spanish)^ Spanish parliament suspends jailed Catalan lawmakers^ 324cat (2019-10-15). “Jordi Cuixart and Jordi S\u00e0nchez sentenced to 9 years’ prison for sedition”. CCMA (in Catalan). Retrieved 2019-10-22.^ “Spain: leading Catalan figures Jordi S\u00e0nchez and Jordi Cuixart should be freed”. www.amnesty.org.uk. Retrieved 2018-10-16.^ a b “Amnesty International Calls on Spain to Release Two of the Jailed Catalan Leaders”. The New York Times. 2019-11-19. Retrieved 2019-11-20.^ a b “Freed Catalan leader calls on Spain to ‘think about future generations’“. The Guardian. Retrieved 28 June 2021.^ a b “Freed Catalan Leader Junqueras Vows to Continue Working for Independence”. US News. Retrieved 28 June 2021.^ “Jordi S\u00e0nchez i Maria Jes\u00fas Larios, nous adjunts al S\u00edndic”. S\u00edndic de Greuges (in Catalan). Catalonia’s Ombudsman. Retrieved 19 July 2015.^ “ANC Press Release (22 June)”. Assemblea Nacional Catalana. 22 June 2015. Retrieved July 19, 2015.[permanent dead link]^ “Qui \u00e9s Jordi S\u00e0nchez, nou president de l’ANC”. 324.cat. 325.cat. 16 May 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2015.^ “Jordi S\u00e1nchez releva a Carme Forcadell al frente de la ANC”. Agencia EFE. 16 May 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2015.^ “\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el delito de sedici\u00f3n? As\u00ed lo regula el C\u00f3digo Penal” (in Spanish). El Peri\u00f3dico. 17 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.^ “Ley Org\u00e1nica 10\/1995, de 23 de noviembre, del C\u00f3digo Penal” (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 October 2017. Article 544. Seditionists are those who, without being included in the crime of rebellion, rise publicly and tumultually to prevent, by force or outside legal channels, the application of the Laws or any authority, official corporation or public official, the legitimate exercise of their functions or compliance with their agreements, or administrative or judicial decisions. Article 545. 1. Those who have induced, sustained or directed the sedition or appear in it as its principal authors, shall be punished with imprisonment from eight to ten years, and from ten to fifteen years, if they were persons constituted in authority. In both cases, absolute disqualification will also be imposed for the same time.^ Fotheringham, Alasdair (16 October 2017). “Catalonia: Spanish judge jails two independence leaders for possible sedition”. The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-06-14. An ongoing legal investigation claims Jordi Sanchez and Jordi Cuixart, the leader of the ANC movement, and Mr Cuixart, who heads the Omnium Cultural association, were heavily involved in organising a massive protest aimed at hindering a Guardia Civil investigation in Barcelona into the build-up for the 1 October illegal referendum.^ “La Guardia Civil cercena el 1-O” (in Spanish). El Mundo. 20 September 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2017.^ “Spain High Court jails Catalan separatist leaders pending investigation”. TheGuardian.com. 17 October 2017.^ “European Commission – Press release – Statement on the events in Catalonia”. europa.eu. 2 October 2017.^ Stone, Jon (20 September 2017). “Spanish police storm Catalan government buildings to stop independence referendum”. Independent. Europe correspondent. Archived from the original on 2022-06-14. Retrieved 25 October 2017.^ a b c Orriols, N\u00faria (19 October 2017). “The bias of the interlocutory decree that sent S\u00e0nchez and Cuixart to prison”. Ara. Retrieved 7 April 2019.^ Orriols, N\u00faria; Pruna, Gerard (20 September 2017). “Les entitats criden a mobilitzar-se a Gran Via amb rambla de Catalunya en defensa de l’autogovern”. Ara (in Catalan). Retrieved 7 April 2019.^ “V\u00cdDEO “S\u00f3n l’enemic del poble”: aix\u00ed va cridar Cuixart a a\u00efllar els violents el 20-S”. Naci\u00f3 Digital (in Catalan). 26 February 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2019.^ “Los ‘Jordis’ a prisi\u00f3n por “alentar a la masa” contra la Guardia Civil el 20-S” (in Spanish). El Espa\u00f1ol. 16 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.^ a b “Un v\u00eddeo muestra c\u00f3mo Cuixart y S\u00e0nchez intentaron disolver la manifestaci\u00f3n de Economia”. La Vanguardia. Retrieved 2017-10-18.^ a b Roures, Jaume (11 July 2018). 20-S (Television production). Mediapro. Retrieved 3 July 2018.^ Campbell, Matthew (21 October 2018). “I’ll serve life in jail if I must, vows Catalan ‘martyr’, Jordi Cuixart”. The Times. Retrieved 24 October 2018.^ “Els v\u00eddeos de S\u00e0nchez i Cuixart el 20-S contra els arguments per empresonar-los”. 3\/24 (in Catalan). 17 October 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2018.^ Puig, Xavier (21 September 2017). “L’independentisme planta cara a l’Estat en defensa de l’1-O”. El Temps (in Catalan). Retrieved 3 July 2018.^ “Mossos reconocen que el 20-S hubo riesgo y por ello la secretaria judicial sali\u00f3 por azotea”. Europa Press (in Spanish). 27 February 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2018.^ “Transcripci\u00f3 de la declaraci\u00f3 de Josep Llu\u00eds Trapero a l’Audi\u00e8ncia Nacional”. Diari Ara (in Catalan). 18 October 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2018.^ Strange, Hannah (16 October 2017). “Two Catalan independence leaders taken into custody by Spanish national court”. The Telegraph. Barcelona. Retrieved 16 October 2017.^ Powell, Tom (16 October 2017). “Spanish judge jails two Catalan separatist leaders during sedition investigation”. Evening Standard. Retrieved 16 October 2017.^ “Seis de los presos catalanes ingresan en las c\u00e1rceles de Lledoners y Puig de les Basses”. La Vanguardia. Retrieved 2018-08-14.^ “Jailed Catalan separatist leaders start hunger strike”. Reuters. December 1, 2018. Retrieved December 1, 2018.^ “Two jailed Catalan separatist leaders begin hunger strike”. Al-Jazeera. December 1, 2018. Retrieved December 1, 2018.^ Congostrina, Alfonso L. (2019-02-01). “Catalan independence leaders moved to Madrid jails ahead of trial”. El Pa\u00eds. ISSN\u00a01134-6582. Retrieved 2019-02-02.^ Trial of Catalan Independence Leaders Ends in Spain^ “Violent clashes over Catalan separatist leaders’ prison terms”. The Guardian. 14 October 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2019.^ Catalan separatist leaders handed jail terms for independence bid^ Sentencia del \u2018proc\u00e9s\u2019: penas de 9 a 13 a\u00f1os para Junqueras y los otros l\u00edderes por sedici\u00f3n y malversaci\u00f3n (in Spanish)^ Editorial (2017-12-03). “The Guardian view on the Catalonia election: the challenge of compromise | Editorial”. the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-08-14.^ ““We have political prisoners again,” says Catalan president”. CatalanNews. Retrieved 2017-10-17.^ “EU’s latest political prisoners”. European Free Alliance. Archived from the original on 2017-10-21. Retrieved 2017-10-21.^ “Political Prisoner or Jailed Politician? It’s Catalans’ Spin Battle With Spain”. Bloomberg.com. 18 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.^ “Spain: charges for sedition and pre-trial detention against Jordi Cuixart and Jordi Sanchez are excessive”. Amnesty International. Retrieved 2017-10-18.^ “Amnist\u00eda no ve como presos pol\u00edticos a los dirigentes catalanes detenidos”. El Mundo. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.^ “Spanje: recente ontwikkelingen in Cataloni\u00eb”. Amnesty International. 5 December 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2018.^ “200.000 persones, segons la Gu\u00e0rdia Urbana, omplen d’espelmes la Diagonal contra l’empresonament de S\u00e0nchez i Cuixart”. VilaWeb (in Catalan). 2017-10-24. Archived from the original on 2020-04-27. Retrieved 2018-01-14.^ “Barcelona crida per la llibertat dels presos i de les institucions”. Ara.cat (in Catalan). Retrieved 2018-01-14.^ “Unos 750.000 manifestantes en Barcelona seg\u00fan la Guardia Urbana”. eldia.es (in Spanish). 2017-11-11. Retrieved 2018-01-14.^ “Mass protest in Barcelona demands freedom for Catalan leaders”. geo.tv. 2017-11-11. Retrieved 2018-01-14.^ “Spain Catalonia: Barcelona rally urges prisoners’ release”. BBC. 2017-11-11. Retrieved 2018-01-14.^ “High Commissioner’s global update of human rights concerns”. OHCHR. 2018-03-07. Retrieved 2018-03-08.^ “L’ONU insta l’estat espanyol a garantir els drets pol\u00edtics de Jordi S\u00e0nchez”. CCMA (in Catalan). 2018-03-25. Retrieved 2018-03-25.^ “Statement following PEN International’s visit to imprisoned Catalan civil society leaders”. PEN International. 8 August 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.^ “El PEN Internacional diu que l’empresonament de Cuixart i S\u00e1nchez \u00e9s “excessiu”“. El M\u00f3n (in Catalan). 9 August 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.^ “Spain: Open Letter: End the arbitrary pre-trial detention of social leader Mr. Jordi Cuixart”. World Organisation Against Torture. Geneva. 22 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.^ “IADL calls for release of Catalan political prisoners”. International Association of Democratic Lawyers. 3 December 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018.^ “UNPO Celebrates its 28th Anniversary”. UNPO. 11 February 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2019.^ “L’associaci\u00f3 Advocats Europeus Dem\u00f2crates demana l’alliberament immediat dels presos pol\u00edtics”. Diari Ara (in Catalan). 11 February 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2019.^ “UN Working Group Asks for Release of 3 Jailed Catalans”. The New York Times. 29 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019.^ “Spain told by U.N. body to free jailed Catalan separatists”. Reuters. 29 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019.     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/jordi-sanchez-politician-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Jordi S\u00e0nchez (politician) – Wikipedia"}}]}]