List of 14th amendment cases

Case name Year Citation Decision Ward v. Flood 1874 48 Cal. 36 upheld separate but equal schools in San Francisco Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 163 U.S. 537 separate but equal for public facilities Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education 1899 175 U.S. 528 de jure segregation of races Lum v. Rice 1927 275 U.S. 78 separate schools for Chinese pupils from white schoolchildren Roberto Alvarez v. Board of Trustees of the Lemon Grove School District 1931 66625 Cal. Super. first successful school desegregation court decision in U.S. history Powell v. Alabama 1932 287 U.S. 45 access to counsel Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada 1938 305 U.S. 337 states that provide a school to white students must provide in-state education to blacks Smith v. Allwright 1944 321 U.S. 649 Race-based exclusion in political party primaries held unconstitutional Hedgepeth and Williams v. Board of Education 1944 131 N.J.L. 153 NJ Supreme Court case that prohibited racial segregation in NJ schools Mendez v. Westminster 1946 64 F. Supp. 544 prohibits segregating Mexican American children in California Sipuel v. Board of Regents of Univ. of Okla. 1948 322 U.S. 631 access to taxpayer state funded law schools Shelley v. Kraemer 1948 334 U.S. 1 restrictive covenants Sweatt v. Painter 1950 339 U.S. 629 segregated law schools in Texas McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents 1950 339 U.S. 637 prohibited racially unfriendly practices within a state graduate program Hernandez v. Texas 1954 347 U.S. 475 the 14th Amendment protects those beyond the racial classes of white or Negro Briggs v. Elliott 1952 347 U.S. 483 Brown case 1 Summerton, South Carolina Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County 1952 103 F. Supp. 337 Brown Case 2 – Prince Edward County, Virginia Gebhart v. Belton 1952 33 Del. Ch. 144 Brown Case 2 – Claymont, Delaware Bolling v. Sharpe 1954 347 U.S. 497 Brown companion case—dealt with the constitutionality of segregation in the District of Columbia Browder v. Gayle 1956 142 F. Supp. 707 Montgomery, Alabama bus segregation is unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment protections for equal treatment NAACP v. Alabama 1958 357 U.S. 449 privacy of NAACP membership lists, and free association of members Cooper v. Aaron 1958 358 U.S. 1 Federal court enforcement of desegregation Boynton v. Virginia 1960 364 U.S. 454 Interstate commerce clause prohibits segregation at bus stop restaurant Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States 1964 379 U.S. 241 upheld the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Loving v. Virginia 1967 388 U.S. 1 banned anti-miscegenation laws Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education 1969 396 U.S. 1218 changed Brown’s requirement of desegregation “with all deliberate speed” to one of “desegregation now” Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education 1971 402 U.S. 1 establish bussing as a solution Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson 1971 404 U.S 1215 “Brown v. Board of Education was not written for blacks alone”, desegregation of Asian schools in opposition to parents of Asian students Milliken v. Bradley 1974 418 U.S. 717 rejected bussing across school district lines Regents of the University of California v. Bakke 1978 438 U.S. 265 race could be considered among other factors in the college admissions process, but racial quotas under affirmative action are unconstitutional Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 2007 551 U.S. 701 rejected using race as the sole determining factor for assigning students to schools Obergefell v. Hodges 2015 556 U.S. 14 the United States Supreme Court ruled that marriage is a fundamental right guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment, and therefore must be afforded to same-sex couples. The ruling ensured that statewide bans on same-sex marriage could not be held up as constitutional.