[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/list-of-14th-amendment-cases\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/list-of-14th-amendment-cases\/","headline":"List of 14th amendment cases","name":"List of 14th amendment cases","description":"before-content-x4 Case name Year Citation Decision Ward v. Flood 1874 48 Cal. 36 upheld separate but equal schools in San","datePublished":"2019-11-10","dateModified":"2019-11-10","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":100,"height":100},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/list-of-14th-amendment-cases\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":959,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Case nameYearCitationDecisionWard v. Flood187448 Cal. 36upheld separate but equal schools in San FranciscoPlessy v. Ferguson1896163 U.S. 537separate but equal for public facilitiesCumming v. Richmond County Board of Education1899175 U.S. 528de jure segregation of racesLum v. Rice1927275 U.S. 78separate schools for Chinese pupils from white schoolchildrenRoberto Alvarez v. Board of Trustees of the Lemon Grove School District193166625 Cal. Super.first successful school desegregation court decision in U.S. historyPowell v. Alabama1932287 U.S. 45access to counselMissouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada1938305 U.S. 337states that provide a school to white students must provide in-state education to blacksSmith v. Allwright1944321 U.S. 649Race-based exclusion in political party primaries held unconstitutionalHedgepeth and Williams v. Board of Education1944131 N.J.L. 153NJ Supreme Court case that prohibited racial segregation in NJ schoolsMendez v. Westminster194664 F. Supp. 544prohibits segregating Mexican American children in CaliforniaSipuel v. Board of Regents of Univ. of Okla.1948322 U.S. 631access to taxpayer state funded law schoolsShelley v. Kraemer1948334 U.S. 1restrictive covenantsSweatt v. Painter1950339 U.S. 629segregated law schools in TexasMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents1950339 U.S. 637prohibited racially unfriendly practices within a state graduate programHernandez v. Texas1954347 U.S. 475the 14th Amendment protects those beyond the racial classes of white or NegroBriggs v. Elliott1952347 U.S. 483Brown case 1 Summerton, South CarolinaDavis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County1952103 F. Supp. 337Brown Case 2 – Prince Edward County, VirginiaGebhart v. Belton195233 Del. Ch. 144Brown Case 2 – Claymont, DelawareBolling v. Sharpe1954347 U.S. 497Brown companion case\u2014dealt with the constitutionality of segregation in the District of ColumbiaBrowder v. Gayle1956142 F. Supp. 707Montgomery, Alabama bus segregation is unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment protections for equal treatmentNAACP v. Alabama1958357 U.S. 449privacy of NAACP membership lists, and free association of membersCooper v. Aaron1958358 U.S. 1Federal court enforcement of desegregationBoynton v. Virginia1960364 U.S. 454Interstate commerce clause prohibits segregation at bus stop restaurantHeart of Atlanta Motel v. United States1964379 U.S. 241upheld the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1964Loving v. Virginia1967388 U.S. 1banned anti-miscegenation lawsAlexander v. Holmes County Board of Education1969396 U.S. 1218changed Brown’s requirement of desegregation “with all deliberate speed” to one of “desegregation now”Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education1971402 U.S. 1establish bussing as a solutionGuey Heung Lee v. Johnson1971404 U.S 1215“Brown v. Board of Education was not written for blacks alone”, desegregation of Asian schools in opposition to parents of Asian studentsMilliken v. Bradley1974418 U.S. 717rejected bussing across school district linesRegents of the University of California v. Bakke1978438 U.S. 265race could be considered among other factors in the college admissions process, but racial quotas under affirmative action are unconstitutionalParents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 12007551 U.S. 701rejected using race as the sole determining factor for assigning students to schoolsObergefell v. Hodges2015556 U.S. 14the United States Supreme Court ruled that marriage is a fundamental right guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment, and therefore must be afforded to same-sex couples. The ruling ensured that statewide bans on same-sex marriage could not be held up as constitutional.     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/list-of-14th-amendment-cases\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"List of 14th amendment cases"}}]}]