[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/northern-zhou-wikipedia-2\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/northern-zhou-wikipedia-2\/","headline":"Northern Zhou – Wikipedia","name":"Northern Zhou – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Xianbei-led dynasty of China “Bei Zhou” redirects here. For the historical prefecture, see","datePublished":"2021-09-22","dateModified":"2021-09-22","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/df\/An_Jia_welcoming_a_Turk._Shaanxi_Provincial_Institute_of_Archaeology%2C_Xi%E2%80%99an.jpg\/113px-An_Jia_welcoming_a_Turk._Shaanxi_Provincial_Institute_of_Archaeology%2C_Xi%E2%80%99an.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/df\/An_Jia_welcoming_a_Turk._Shaanxi_Provincial_Institute_of_Archaeology%2C_Xi%E2%80%99an.jpg\/113px-An_Jia_welcoming_a_Turk._Shaanxi_Provincial_Institute_of_Archaeology%2C_Xi%E2%80%99an.jpg","height":"120","width":"113"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/northern-zhou-wikipedia-2\/","wordCount":4924,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Xianbei-led dynasty of China“Bei Zhou” redirects here. For the historical prefecture, see Bei Prefecture.Zhou (), known in historiography as the Northern Zhou (Chinese: \u5317\u5468; pinyin: B\u011bi Zh\u014du), was a Xianbei-led dynasty of China that lasted from 557 to 581. One of the Northern dynasties of China’s Northern and Southern dynasties period, it succeeded the Western Wei dynasty and was eventually overthrown by the Sui dynasty.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsHistory[edit]Trade contacts with Sogdians and Turks[edit]Cultural artifacts[edit]Buddhism[edit]Emperors[edit]Emperors’ family tree[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]Citations[edit]Sources[edit]External links[edit]History[edit]The Northern Zhou’s basis of power was established by Yuwen Tai, who was paramount general of Western Wei, following the split of Northern Wei into Western Wei and Eastern Wei in 535.  After Yuwen Tai’s death in 556, Yuwen Tai’s nephew Yuwen Hu forced Emperor Gong of Western Wei to yield the throne to Yuwen Tai’s son Yuwen Jue (Emperor Xiaomin), establishing Northern Zhou. The reigns of the first three emperors (Yuwen Tai’s sons)\u00a0\u2013  Emperor Xiaomin, Emperor Ming, and Emperor Wu were dominated by Yuwen Hu, until Emperor Wu ambushed and killed Yuwen Hu in 572 and assumed power personally. With Emperor Wu as a capable ruler, Northern Zhou destroyed rival Northern Qi in 577, taking over Northern Qi’s territory. However, Emperor Wu’s death in 578 doomed the state, as his son Emperor Xuan was an arbitrary and violent ruler whose unorthodox behavior greatly weakened the state. After his death in 580, when he was already nominally retired (Taishang Huang), Xuan’s father-in-law Yang Jian took power, and in 581 seized the throne from Emperor Xuan’s son Emperor Jing, establishing Sui. The young Emperor Jing and the imperial Yuwen clan, were subsequently slaughtered by Yang Jian.[4][5]The area was known as Guannei \u95dc\u5167. The Northern Zhou drew upon the Zhou dynasty for inspiration.[6] The Northern Zhou military included Han Chinese.[7]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Trade contacts with Sogdians and Turks[edit]The Tomb of An Jia, a Sogdian merchant (518-579 CE) based in China during the Northern Zhou dynasty, shows the omnipresence of the Turks (at the time of the First Turkic Khaganate), who were probably the main trading partners of the Sogdians in China.[8] The Hephthalites are essentially absent, or possibly showed once as a vassal ruler outside of the yurt of the Turk Qaghan, as they probably had been replaced by Turk hegemony by that time (they were destroyed by the alliance of the Sasanians and the Turks between 556 and 560 CE).[8] In contrast, the Hephthalites are omnipresent in the Tomb of Wirkak, who, although he died at the same time of An Jia was much older at 85: Wirkak may therefore have primarily dealt with the Hephthalites during his younger years.[8]Anjia (right) welcomes a Turkic leader (left, long hair combed in the back).[9][10]The Sogdian merchant An Jia with a Turkic Chieftain in his yurt.[9][10]An Jia (right) brokering an alliance with Turks (left).[9][10]Cultural artifacts[edit]Numerous artifacts are known from the period, many of them showing contacts with Sogdians merchants who resided in China and often had official administrative positions (seen in the Tomb of An Jia or the Tomb of Wirkak), or even with northern India (Tomb of Li Dan). Central Asian precious artifacts were often included in the funeral material of Chinese people of high rank, as seen in the tomb of the Xianbei-Tuoba Northern Zhou general Li Xian.Buddhism[edit]Buddhism and Buddhist art flourished under the Northern Zhou.[12] The dynasty also contributed some of the paintings in the Dunhuang caves: specifically, narrative paintings of the biography of the Buddha in Cave 428, following the prototypes of Gandhara and Kizil.[13]Stele with the Boddhisattva Maitreya (Mile), probably Shaanxi province, Northern Zhou dynasty, 557-581. Freer Gallery of ArtShakyamuni Buddha. Northern Zhou dynasty, 557-581. Shanxi MuseumBuddha flanked by bodhisattvas with flying apsaras. Dunhuang mural. Cave 428, Northern Zhou dynastyEmperors[edit]  Administrative divisions as of 572Posthumous namePersonal namePeriod of ReignsEra nameXiaominYuwen Jue557\u2013Ming, XiaomingYuwen Yu557\u2013560Wucheng (\u6b66\u6210) 559\u2013560WuYuwen Yong561\u2013578Baoding (\u4fdd\u5b9a) 560\u2013565Tianhe (\u5929\u548c) 566\u2013572Jiande (\u5efa\u5fb7) 572\u2013578Xuanzheng (\u5ba3\u653f) 578XuanYuwen Yun578\u2013579Dacheng (\u5927\u6210) 579JingYuwen Chan579\u2013581[note 1]Daxiang (\u5927\u8c61) 579\u2013581Dading (\u5927\u5b9a) 581Emperors’ family tree[edit]Northern Zhou emperors family treeSee also[edit]^ In 580, after Emperor Xuan’s death, the general Yuchi Jiong, believing that the regent Yang Jian was about to seize the throne, rose against Yang and declared a son of Emperor Wu’s brother Yuwen Zhao (\u5b87\u6587\u62db) the Prince of Zhao, whose name is lost to history, emperor, but as Yuchi was soon defeated, and nothing further was known about the emperor that he declared, that son of Yuwen Zhao is usually not considered an emperor of Northern Zhou.References[edit]Citations[edit]^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 167.^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 175.^ Rein Taagepera “Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.”, Social Science History Vol. 3, 115-138 (1979)^ Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Anne Walthall (1 January 2013). East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History. Cengage Learning. pp.\u00a076\u2013. ISBN\u00a0978-1-133-60647-5.^ Patricia Buckley Ebrey; Anne Walthall (1 January 2013). Pre-Modern East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History, Volume I: To 1800. Cengage Learning. pp.\u00a076\u2013. ISBN\u00a0978-1-133-60651-2.^ Charles Holcombe (2011). A History of East Asia: From the Origins of Civilization to the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge University Press. pp.\u00a097\u2013. ISBN\u00a0978-0-521-51595-5.^ Micklewright, Nancy (1986). ARS ORIENTALIS. p.\u00a042. ISBN\u00a09780934686440.^ a b c Grenet, Frantz; Riboud, P\u00e9n\u00e9lope (2003). “A Reflection of the Hephthalite Empire: The Biographical Narra- tive in the Reliefs of the Tomb of the Sabao Wirkak (494-579)” (PDF). Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 141\u2013142.^ a b c Baumer, Christoph (18 April 2018). History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume set. Bloomsbury Publishing. p.\u00a0228. ISBN\u00a0978-1-83860-868-2.^ a b c Yatsenko, Sergey A. (August 2009). “Early Turks: Male Costume in the Chinese Art”. Transoxiana. 14.^ Wu, Mandy Jui-man (2004). “Exotic Goods as Mortuary Display in Sui Dynasty Tombs–A Case Study of Li Jingxun’s Tomb”. Sino-Platonic Papers. 142: 55.^ Juliano, Annette L. (2007). Buddhist Sculpture from China: Selections from the Xi’an Beilin Museum\u00a0: Fifth Through Ninth Centuries. China Institute Gallery. p.\u00a08. ISBN\u00a0978-0-9774054-2-8. Although Western Weilasted only twenty-two years, and Northern Zhou just twenty-four years, Buddhism and Buddhist art flourished during these two regimes. Western Wei and Northern Zhou caves opened at Dunhuang , Maijishan…^ Karetzky, Patricia E. (26 April 2000). Early Buddhist Narrative Art: Illustrations of the Life of the Buddha from Central Asia to China, Korea and Japan. University Press of America. p.\u00a0105. ISBN\u00a0978-1-4617-4027-8. Liang and Northern Wei Dynasties, specifically Caves 275 and 254, as well as Cave 428 from the Northern Zhou….Sources[edit]External links[edit]     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/northern-zhou-wikipedia-2\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Northern Zhou – Wikipedia"}}]}]