[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/open-back-unrounded-vowel-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/open-back-unrounded-vowel-wikipedia\/","headline":"Open back unrounded vowel – Wikipedia","name":"Open back unrounded vowel – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Vowel sound represented by \u27e8\u0251\u27e9 in IPA The open back unrounded vowel, or","datePublished":"2019-04-28","dateModified":"2019-04-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Loudspeaker.svg\/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Loudspeaker.svg\/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png","height":"11","width":"11"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/open-back-unrounded-vowel-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":14518,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Vowel sound represented by \u27e8\u0251\u27e9 in IPAThe open back unrounded vowel, or low back unrounded vowel,[1] is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is \u27e8\u0251\u27e9, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is A. The letter \u27e8\u0251\u27e9 is called script a because it lacks the extra hook on top of a printed letter a, which corresponds to a different vowel, the open front unrounded vowel. Script a, which has its linear stroke on the bottom right, should not be confused with turned script a, \u0252, which has its linear stroke on the top left and corresponds to a rounded version of this vowel, the open back rounded vowel.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The open back unrounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the pharyngeal approximant [\u0295\u031e]. \u27e8\u0251\u032f\u27e9 with the non-syllabic diacritic and \u27e8\u0295\u031e\u27e9 are used in different transcription systems to represent the same sound.In some languages (such as Azerbaijani, Estonian, Luxembourgish and Toda) there is the near-open back unrounded vowel (a sound between cardinal [\u0251] and [\u028c]), which can be transcribed in IPA with \u27e8\u0251\u031d\u27e9 or \u27e8\u028c\u031e\u27e9.The Hamont-Achel dialect of Limburgish has been reported to contrast long open front, central and back unrounded vowels. This is extremely unusual.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsFeatures[edit]Occurrence[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Features[edit]Its vowel height is open, also known as low, which means the tongue is positioned far from the roof of the mouth \u2013 that is, low in the mouth.Its vowel backness is back, which means the tongue is positioned back in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant. Unrounded back vowels tend to be centralized, which means that often they are in fact near-back.It is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.Occurrence[edit]LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotesAfrikaansStandarddaar[d\u0251\u02d0r]‘there’The quality varies between open near-back unrounded [\u0251\u031f\u02d0], open back unrounded [\u0251\u02d0] and even open back rounded [\u0252\u02d0]. See Afrikaans phonology\u00c4iwook\u00e2nong\u00e4[k\u0251no\u014b\u00e6]‘I want’ArabicStandard\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \/ \u1e6daw\u012bl[t\u02e4\u0251\u02c8wi\u02d0l]‘tall’Allophone of long and short \/a\/ near emphatic consonants, depending on the speaker’s accent. See Arabic phonologyEssaouira\u0642\u0627\u0644 \/ q\u0101l[q\u0251\u02d0l]‘he said’One of the possible realisations of \/\u0101\/.ArmenianEastern\u0570\u0561\u0581 \/ hac\u02bf[h\u0251t\u0361s\u02b0]‘bread’Azerbaijaniqarda\u015f[\u0261\u0251\u031d\u027e\u02c8d\u032a\u0251\u031d\u0283]‘brother’Near-open.Bashkir\u04a1\u0430\u0499 \/ qa\u00f0[q\u0251\u00f0]\u00a0(help\u00b7info)‘goose’CatalanMany dialectspal[\u02c8p\u0251\u026b]‘stick’Allophone of \/a\/ in contact with velar consonants. See Catalan phonologySome dialectsm\u00e0[\u02c8m\u0251]‘hand’More central ([\u0251\u031f], [\u00e4]) in other dialects; fully front [a] in Majorcan Catalan.Some Valencian and Majorcan speakerslloc[\u02c8\u028e\u031f\u0251k]‘place’Unrounded allophone of \/\u0254\/ in some accents. Can be centralized.Some southern Valencian speakersbou[\u02c8b\u0251w]‘bull’Pronunciation of the vowel \/\u0254\/ before [w]. Can be centralized.ChineseMandarin\u68d2 \/ b\u00e0ng[p\u0251\u014b\u02e5\u02e9]\u00a0(help\u00b7info)‘stick’Allophone of \/a\/ before \/\u014b\/. See Standard Chinese phonologyDutchStandardbad[b\u0251t]‘bath’Backness varies among dialects; in the Standard Northern accent it is fully back. In the Standard Belgian accent it is raised and fronted to [\u0251\u031d\u0308]. See Dutch phonologyLeiden[b\u0251\u031dt]Near-open fully back; can be rounded [\u0252\u031d] instead. See Dutch phonologyRotterdamAmsterdamaap[\u0251\u02d0p]‘monkey’Corresponds to [a\u02d0 ~ \u00e4\u02d0] in standard Dutch.AntwerpUtrechtThe Haguenauw[n\u0251\u02d0]‘narrow’Corresponds to [\u028cu] in standard Dutch.EnglishCardiffhot[h\u0251\u031d\u0308t]‘hot’Somewhat raised and fronted.NorfolkGeneral American[h\u0251t]May be more front [\u0251\u031f ~ \u00e4], especially in accents without the cot-caught merger. See English phonologyCockneybath[b\u0251\u02d0\u03b8]‘bath’Fully back. It can be more front [\u0251\u031f\u02d0] instead.General South AfricanFully back. Broad varieties usually produce a rounded vowel [\u0252\u02d0 ~ \u0254\u02d0] instead, while Cultivated SAE prefers a more front vowel [\u0251\u031f\u02d0 ~ \u00e4\u02d0]. See South African English phonologyCultivatedSouth African[b\u0251\u031f\u02d0\u03b8]Typically more front than cardinal [\u0251]. It may be as front as [\u00e4\u02d0] in some Cultivated South African and southern English speakers. See English phonology and South African English phonologyReceived PronunciationNon-local Dublin[28]back[b\u0251q]‘back’Allophone of \/a\/ before velars for some speakers.[28]Estonianvale[\u02c8v\u0251\u031dle\u031e\u02d1]‘lie’Near-open. See Estonian phonologyFaroeseSome dialectsv\u00e1tur[\u02c8v\u0251\u02d0t\u028a\u0279]‘wet’Corresponds to \/\u0254\u0251\/ in standard language. See Faroese phonologyFinnishkana[\u02c8k\u0251\u031dn\u0251\u031d]‘hen’Near-open, also described as open central [\u00e4].[31] See Finnish phonologyFrenchConservative Parisianpas[p\u0251]‘not’Contrasts with \/a\/, but many speakers have only one open vowel [\u00e4]. See French phonologyQuebecp\u00e2te[p\u0251\u02d0t]‘paste’Contrasts with \/a\/. See Quebec French phonologyGalicianirm\u00e1n[i\u027e\u02c8m\u0251\u014b]‘brother’Allophone of \/a\/ in contact with velar consonants. See Galician phonologyGeorgian\u10d2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d0 \/ guda[k\u032cud\u032a\u0251]‘leather bag’Usually not fully back [\u0251], typically [\u0251\u031f] to [\u00e4].[39] Sometimes transcribed as \/a\/.GermanStandardGourmand[\u0261\u030a\u028a\u0281\u02c8m\u0251\u0303\u02d0]‘gourmand’Nasalized; often realized as rounded [\u0252\u0303\u02d0]. See Standard German phonologyMany speakersnah[n\u0251\u02d0]‘near’Used by speakers in Northern Germany, East Central Germany, Franconia and Switzerland. Also a part of the Standard Austrian accent.[43] More front in other accents. See Standard German phonologyGreekSfakian\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1 \/ b\u00fdra[\u02c8bir\u0251]“beer”Corresponds to central [\u00e4 ~ \u0250] in Modern Standard Greek. See Modern Greek phonologyHungarianSome dialectsmagyar[\u02c8m\u0251\u025f\u0251r]‘Hungarian’Weakly rounded [\u0252] in standard Hungarian. See Hungarian phonologyInuitWest Greenlandicoqarpoq[\u0254\u02c8q\u0251p\u02d0\u0254q\u031a]‘he says’Allophone of \/a\/ before and especially between uvulars. See Inuit phonologyItalianSome Piedmont dialectscasa[\u02c8k\u0251\u02d0z\u0251]‘house’Allophone of \/a\/which in Italian is largely realised as central [\u00e4].Kazakhalma[\u0251\u031d\u026b\u032a\u02c8m\u0251\u031d]‘apple’Can be realised as near-open.Kaingangga[\u1d51\u0261\u0251]‘land, soil’Varies between back [\u0251] and central [\u0250].Khmer\u179f\u17d2\u1780\u179a \/ sk\u00e2r[sk\u0251\u02d0]‘sugar’See Khmer phonologyLimburgishbats[b\u0251\u033dts]‘buttock’The quality varies between open back [\u0251], open near-back [\u0251\u031f] and near-open near-back [\u0251\u033d] (illustrated in the example word, which is from the Maastrichtian dialect), depending on the dialect.Low Germanal \/ aal[\u0251\u02d0l]‘all’Backness may vary among dialects.LuxembourgishKapp[k\u02b0\u0251\u031dp]‘head’Near-open fully back. See Luxembourgish phonologyMalayKedahmata[ma.t\u0251]‘eye’See Malay phonologyKelantan-PattaniAllophone of syllable-final \/a\/ in open-ended words and before \/k\/ and \/h\/ codas. See Kelantan-Pattani MalayStandardqari[q\u0251.ri]‘qari’Found only in certain Arabic loanwords and used by speakers who know Arabic. Normally replaced by [\u00e4]. See Malay phonologyNorwegianhat[h\u0251\u02d0t]‘hate’The example word is from Urban East Norwegian. Central [\u00e4\u02d0] in some other dialects. See Norwegian phonologyPortugueseSome Azorean dialectssemana[s\u0268’m\u0251n\u0250]‘week’See Portuguese phonologyPaulistavegetal[ve\u0292e’t\u0251\u028a]‘vegetable’Only immediately before [\u028a].Russian\u043f\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430 \/ palka[\u02c8p\u0251\u026bk\u0259]‘stick’Occurs only before the hard \/l\/, but not when a palatalized consonant precedes. See Russian phonologySemaamqa[\u00e0\u0320mq\u0251\u0300]‘lower back’Possible realization of \/a\/ after uvular stops.SwedishSome dialectsj\u0430g[j\u0251\u02d0\u0261]‘I’Weakly rounded [\u0252\u031c\u02d0] in Central Standard Swedish.[63] See Swedish phonologyToda\u0b86\u0ba8[\u0251\u031d\u02d0n]‘elephant’Near-open.Turkishat[\u0251t\u032a]‘horse’Also described as central [\u00e4]. See Turkish phonologyUkrainian\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \/ maty[\u02c8m\u0251t\u026a]‘mother’See Ukrainian phonologyVietnameseSome dialects in North Central and Centralg\u00e0[\u0263\u0251\u02e8\u02e9]‘chicken’See [67][68]West FrisianStandardlang[\u026b\u0251\u014b]‘long’Also described as central [\u00e4]. See West Frisian phonologyAasterskmaat[m\u0251\u02d0t]‘mate’Contrasts with a front \/a\u02d0\/. See West Frisian phonologySee also[edit]^ While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms “close” and “open” for vowel height, many linguists use “high” and “low”.^ a b “Glossary”. Retrieved 10 February 2015.^ Maddieson (1984), cited in Suomi, Toivanen & Ylitalo (2008:21)^ Aronson, Howard (1990), Georgian: A Reading Grammar (2nd\u00a0ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica^ Moosm\u00fcller, Schmid & Brandst\u00e4tter (2015), pp.\u00a0342\u2013344.^ Engstrand (1999), p.\u00a0141.^ Ph\u1ea1m, Andrea H\u00f2a (2014), “Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \/a\/ trong gi\u1ecdng Qu\u1ea3ng Nam (Issues in Language change and the phonemic status of \/a\/ in the Quang Nam dialect)” (PDF), T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef (Journal of Vietnamese Linguistics) (in Vietnamese), 6: 10\u201318^ Ph\u1ea1m, Andrea H\u00f2a (2016), “S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u00e2m trong v\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: th\u1ed5 ng\u1eef l\u00e0ng H\u1ebfn, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd, t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 T\u0129nh [Sound change in Vietnamese rhymes: the dialect of H\u1ebfn Village of \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd District, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh Province]” (PDF), T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef H\u1ecdc (Journal of Vietnamese Linguistics) (in Vietnamese), 11: 7\u201328References[edit]\u00c1rnason, Kristj\u00e1n (2011), The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese, Oxford University Press, ISBN\u00a0978-0-19-922931-4Arvaniti, Amalia (2007), “Greek Phonetics: The State of the Art” (PDF), Journal of Greek Linguistics, 8: 97\u2013208, CiteSeerX\u00a010.1.1.692.1365, doi:10.1075\/jgl.8.08arv, archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-11Ashby, Patricia (2011), Understanding Phonetics, Understanding Language series, Routledge, ISBN\u00a0978-0340928271Asu, Eva Liina; Teras, Pire (2009), “Estonian”, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 39 (3): 367\u2013372, doi:10.1017\/s002510030999017xCollins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. 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S2CID\u00a0214469852.Galastri, Eliane de Oliveira (2011), “Guia para a transcri\u00e7\u00e3o fon\u00e9tica do dialeto paulista”, Aleph (Term paper) (in Brazilian Portuguese), Araraquara: S\u00e3o Paulo State University, hdl:11449\/119177External links[edit]     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/open-back-unrounded-vowel-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Open back unrounded vowel – Wikipedia"}}]}]