[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/sentetsu-purena-class-locomotives-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/sentetsu-purena-class-locomotives-wikipedia\/","headline":"Sentetsu Purena-class locomotives – Wikipedia","name":"Sentetsu Purena-class locomotives – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 2-6-2 steam locomotive Chosen Government Railway Purena class (\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca)Gyeongchun Railway Purena class (\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca)Korean","datePublished":"2018-09-15","dateModified":"2018-09-15","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/79\/CR_PL3-51.jpg\/287px-CR_PL3-51.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/79\/CR_PL3-51.jpg\/287px-CR_PL3-51.jpg","height":"300","width":"287"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/sentetsu-purena-class-locomotives-wikipedia\/","wordCount":6468,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x42-6-2 steam locomotiveChosen Government Railway Purena class (\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca)Gyeongchun Railway Purena class (\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca)Korean National Railroad Pureo7 class (\ud478\ub7ec7)Korean State Railway Pur\u014fch’i class (\ubd80\ub7ec\uce58)South Manchuria Railway Puresa class (\u30d7\u30ec\u30b5)China Railways PL3SpecificationsConfiguration:\u200b\u00a0\u2022\u00a0Whyte2-6-2TGauge1,435\u00a0mm (4\u00a0ft\u00a08+1\u20442\u00a0in)Driver dia.1,370\u00a0mm (54\u00a0in)LengthOriginal: 10,480\u00a0mm (34\u00a0ft 5\u00a0in)Bureau: 10,773\u00a0mm (35\u00a0ft 4.1\u00a0in)WidthOriginal: 3,250\u00a0mm (10\u00a0ft 8\u00a0in)Bureau: 3,200\u00a0mm (10\u00a0ft 6\u00a0in)HeightOriginal: 4,268\u00a0mm (14\u00a0ft 0\u00a0in)Bureau: 4,230\u00a0mm (13\u00a0ft 11\u00a0in)Adhesive weightOriginal: 42.00\u00a0t (41.34 long tons)Bureau: 44.90\u00a0t (44.19 long tons)Loco weightOriginal: 65.50\u00a0t (64.47 long tons)Bureau: 67.70\u00a0t (66.63 long tons)Fuel capacityOriginal: 2.50\u00a0t (2.46 long tons)Bureau: 3.00\u00a0t (2.95 long tons)Water cap.Both: 7,000\u00a0L (1,800\u00a0US\u00a0gal)Firebox:\u00a0\u2022\u00a0Firegrate areaBoth: 2.60\u00a0m2 (28.0\u00a0sq\u00a0ft)Boiler:\u200b\u00a0\u2022\u00a0Small tubesOriginal: 106 x 45\u00a0mm (1.8\u00a0in)Bureau: 104 x 51\u00a0mm (2.0\u00a0in)\u00a0\u2022\u00a0Large tubesOriginal: 26 x 137\u00a0mm (5.4\u00a0in)Bureau: 21 x 137\u00a0mm (5.4\u00a0in)Boiler pressureBoth: 13.0\u00a0kgf\/cm2 (185\u00a0psi)Heating surfaceOriginal: 116.90\u00a0m2 (1,258.3\u00a0sq\u00a0ft)Bureau: 118.30\u00a0m2 (1,273.4\u00a0sq\u00a0ft)\u00a0\u2022\u00a0TubesOriginal: 73.10\u00a0m2 (786.8\u00a0sq\u00a0ft)Bureau: 82.80\u00a0m2 (891.3\u00a0sq\u00a0ft)\u00a0\u2022\u00a0FireboxOriginal: 11.60\u00a0m2 (124.9\u00a0sq\u00a0ft)Bureau: 9.50\u00a0m2 (102.3\u00a0sq\u00a0ft)Superheater:\u200b\u00a0\u2022\u00a0Heating areaOriginal: NoneBureau: 26.00\u00a0m2 (279.9\u00a0sq\u00a0ft)Cylinders1Cylinder sizeBoth: 430\u00a0mm \u00d7\u00a0610\u00a0mm (17\u00a0in \u00d7\u00a024\u00a0in)Valve gearWalschaertsPerformance figuresMaximum speed75\u00a0km\/h (47\u00a0mph)Tractive effortOriginal: 85.0\u00a0kN (19,100\u00a0lbf)Bureau: 89.0\u00a0kN (20,000\u00a0lbf)The Purena-class (\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca) locomotives were a group of steam tank locomotives with 2-6-2 wheel arrangement of used by the Chosen Government Railway (Sentetsu) in Korea. The “Pure” name came from the American naming system for steam locomotives, under which locomotives with 2-6-2 wheel arrangement were called “Prairie”.[1]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4In all, Sentetsu owned 227 locomotives of all Pure classes, whilst privately owned railways owned another 52; of these 279 locomotives, 169 went to the Korean National Railroad in South Korea and 110 to the Korean State Railway in North Korea.[2]Table of ContentsDescription[edit]Chosen Government Railway \u30d7\u30ec\u30ca (Purena) class[edit]South Manchuria Railway \u30d7\u30ec\u30b5 (Puresa) class[edit]Postwar[edit]Korean National Railroad \ud478\ub7ec7 (Pureo7) class[edit]Korean State Railway \ubd80\ub7ec\uce58 (Pur\u014fch’i) class\/1700 series[edit]Korean State Railway \ubd80\ub7ec\uc11c (Pur\u014fs\u014f) class\/1300 series[edit]China Railways PL3 class[edit]Construction[edit]References[edit]Description[edit]Locomotives of this design were built for one unidentified private railway company in Korea, the Chosen Government Railway, and the privately owned Gyeongchun Railway in Korea, as well as for the South Manchuria Railway.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Chosen Government Railway \u30d7\u30ec\u30ca (Purena) class[edit]The \u30d7\u30ec\u30ca (Purena) class locomotive was designed by the Railway Bureau based on the experiences gained through the design of modifications leading to the Pureshi-class rebuilds, and differed considerably from the imported Pure classes.[3] The first eight were built for a private railway, with Hitachi’s Kasato factory[3] and Kawasaki[4] each building four units; these were bought by Sentetsu in 1936 and numbered 341-348.[5]The design was then modified to include a superheater, but the resulting design retained the “Purena” classification; the two subclasses were thenceforward referred to as the “Original Purena” and “Bureau Purena” (\u5c40\u30d7\u30ea\u30ca) classes. The first six Bureau Purena locomotives were built for Sentetsu in 1931 by the Gyeongseong Works;[3] these were numbered 321 through 326.[5] The 14 locomotives of both Purena subtypes were lumped together in Sentetsu’s general renumbering of 1938, with 341\u2013348 becoming \u30d7\u30ec\u30ca1 through \u30d7\u30ec\u30ca8, and 321\u2013326 becoming \u30d7\u30ec\u30ca9 through \u30d7\u30ec\u30ca14.[5] In 1938 four more were built by Nippon Shary\u014d and fourteen more were built at Gyeongseong. In 1939 and 1941,[4] a total of nine were built by Kawasaki and Hitachi Kasato for the Gyeongchun Railway;[3] these were assembled in Korea at Sentetsu’s Busan shops and numbered \u30d7\u30ec\u30ca85 through \u30d7\u30ec\u30ca93.South Manchuria Railway \u30d7\u30ec\u30b5 (Puresa) class[edit]Nineteen locomotives of the Sentetsu Purena design were built for the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu) in Japan in 1935.[6] Although under the Mantetsu classification system tank locomotives were generally given the “Dabu” (\u30c0\u30d6, from “double-ender”) classification,[7] Mantetsu instead designated these as \u30d7\u30ec\u30b5 (Puresa) class; eight were assigned to Mantetsu’s Rajin depot for use on the North Chosen Line, whilst the other ten were assigned to depots in Manchukuo.Postwar[edit]After the end of the Pacific War, the locomotives owned by Sentetsu and the Gyeongchun Railway were divided between North and South Korea, whilst those belonging to Mantetsu were divided between North Korea and China.Korean National Railroad \ud478\ub7ec7 (Pureo7) class[edit]Many Purena class locomotives ended up with the Korean National Railroad after Liberation, which designated them \ud478\ub7ec7 (Pureo7) class;[3] at least 15 are known to have been operated by the KNR.[5]Korean State Railway \ubd80\ub7ec\uce58 (Pur\u014fch’i) class\/1700 series[edit]The Sentetsu Purena class locomotives that remained in the North after the partition of Korea were operated by the Korean State Railway, designating them \ubd80\ub7ec\uce58 (Pur\u014fch’i) class, and later renumbering them into the 1700 series around the early 1970s. Three examples, numbers 1709, 1718, and 1720, were operational  at the steelworks in Ch’\u014fngjin as of November 2019, being used for tourist events.[8]Korean State Railway \ubd80\ub7ec\uc11c (Pur\u014fs\u014f) class\/1300 series[edit]The nine Puresa-class locomotives that Mantetsu had assigned to its Rajin depot were taken over by the Korean State Railway after the war. They were initially designated \ubd80\ub7ec\uc11c (Pur\u014fs\u014f) class – together with the Puresa-class engines inherited from Sentetsu – and were retained in use mostly around Rajin; around the early 1970s, they were renumbered into the 1300 series, though at least one’s number omitted the initial ‘1’.[9] At least two have been seen operational in the 21st century; one, 1304, was seen in 2001 doing shunting work at Ch’\u014fngjin,[9] while the other, 1319, is still operational as of October 2015, kept in pristine condition for use with tourist and railfan trains.[10]The one unit known to have omitted the initial ‘1’, number 307, was inspected by Kim Jong-il as a child at Rajin Station on 6 September 1954.[11] This locomotive has also been depicted on a commemorative stamp issued by the DPRK postal service.[9]China Railways PL3 class[edit]The ten Puresa-class engines that were used by Mantetsu in Manchukuo were taken over first by the joint Chinese-Soviet “Chinese Changchun Railway” (Chinese: \u4e2d\u570b\u9577\u6625\u9435\u8def, Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 Ch\u01cengch\u016bn Ti\u011bl\u00f9; Russian: \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0427\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0443\u0301\u043d\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0433\u0430, Kitayskaya Chanchun’skaya Zheleznaya doroga), which took over Mantetsu operations within China in 1945. In 1952, the Chinese Changchun Railway was returned to China,[12] and they were taken over by the China Railway as class \u3106\u310c3. In 1959, they were designated class PL3, numbered 51\u201360.[13]Construction[edit]Sentetsu Purena-classSentetsu running numberPostwar1938\u20131945pre-1938OwnerNumberBuilderYearNotes\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca1\u30d7\u30ec341??Hitachi Kasato1930Original Purena. Built for Gyeongchun Railway, bought by Sentetsu in 1936.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca2\u30d7\u30ec342??Hitachi Kasato1930Original Purena. Built for Gyeongchun Railway, bought by Sentetsu in 1936.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca3\u30d7\u30ec343??Hitachi Kasato1930Original Purena. Built for Gyeongchun Railway, bought by Sentetsu in 1936.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca4\u30d7\u30ec344??Hitachi Kasato1930Original Purena. Built for Gyeongchun Railway, bought by Sentetsu in 1936.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca5\u30d7\u30ec345KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-5Kawasaki1930Original Purena. Built for Gyeongchun Railway, bought by Sentetsu in 1936.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca6\u30d7\u30ec346??Kawasaki1930Original Purena. Built for Gyeongchun Railway, bought by Sentetsu in 1936.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca7\u30d7\u30ec347??Kawasaki1930Original Purena. Built for Gyeongchun Railway, bought by Sentetsu in 1936.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca8\u30d7\u30ec348??Kawasaki1930Original Purena. Built for Gyeongchun Railway, bought by Sentetsu in 1936.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca9\u30d7\u30ec321KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-9Gyeongseong1931Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca10\u30d7\u30ec322??Gyeongseong1931Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca11\u30d7\u30ec323KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-11Gyeongseong1931Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca12\u30d7\u30ec324??Gyeongseong1931Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca13\u30d7\u30ec325??Gyeongseong1931Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca14\u30d7\u30ec326??Gyeongseong1931Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca15–KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-15Nippon Shary\u014d1938Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca16–KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-16Nippon Shary\u014d1938Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca17–KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-17Nippon Shary\u014d1938Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca18–KSR\ubd80\ub7ec\uce5818 \u2192 1718Nippon Shary\u014d1938Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca19–??Gyeongseong1938Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca20–??Gyeongseong1938Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca21–??Gyeongseong1938Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca22–??Gyeongseong1938Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca23–??Gyeongseong1938Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca24–??Gyeongseong1938Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca25–KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-25Gyeongseong1938Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca26–??Gyeongseong1938Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca27–??Gyeongseong1938Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca28–??Gyeongseong1938Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca29–??Gyeongseong1938Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca30–??Gyeongseong1938Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca31–KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-31Gyeongseong1938Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca32–??Gyeongseong1938Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca33–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca34–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca35–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca36–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca37–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca38–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca39–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca40–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca41–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca42–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca43–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca44–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca45–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca46–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca47–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca48–KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-48??Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca49–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca50–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca51–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca52–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca53–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca54–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca55–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca56–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca57–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca58–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca59–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca60–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca61–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca62–KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-62??Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca63–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca64–KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-64??Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca65–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca66–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca67–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca68–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca69–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca70–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca71–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca72–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca73–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca74–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca75–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca76–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca77–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca78–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca79–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca80–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca81–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca82–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca83–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca84–????Bureau Purena.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca85–KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-85Kawasaki1939Bureau Purena; Gyeongchun Railway. Assembled in Busan.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca86–KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-86Kawasaki1939Bureau Purena; Gyeongchun Railway. Assembled in Busan.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca87–KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-87Kawasaki1939Bureau Purena; Gyeongchun Railway. Assembled in Busan.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca88–KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-88Kawasaki1939Bureau Purena; Gyeongchun Railway. Assembled in Busan.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca89–KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-89Kawasaki1939Bureau Purena; Gyeongchun Railway. Assembled in Busan.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca90–KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-90Kawasaki1939Bureau Purena; Gyeongchun Railway. Assembled in Busan. Derelict by 1953.[5]\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca91–KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-91Kawasaki1939Bureau Purena; Gyeongchun Railway. Assembled in Busan.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca92–KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-92Kawasaki1939Bureau Purena; Gyeongchun Railway. Assembled in Busan.\u30d7\u30ec\u30ca93–KNR\ud478\ub7ec7-93Hitachi Kasato1941Bureau Purena; Gyeongchun Railway. Assembled in Busan.Mantetsu Puresa-class.Due to renumbering, original identities of the ten Chinese locomotives not yet known.PostwarMantetsu numberOwnerNumberBuilderYearNotes\u30d7\u30ec\u30b51Japan1935\u30d7\u30ec\u30b51Japan1935\u30d7\u30ec\u30b51Japan1935\u30d7\u30ec\u30b54KSR\ubd80\ub7ec\uc11c4 \u2192 1304Japan1935Active at Ch’ongjin in 2001.[9]\u30d7\u30ec\u30b55Japan1935\u30d7\u30ec\u30b56Japan1935\u30d7\u30ec\u30b57KSR\ubd80\ub7ec\uc11c7 \u2192 307Japan1935inspected by Kim Jong-il as a child at Rajin Station on 6 September 1954.[11]\u30d7\u30ec\u30b58Japan1935\u30d7\u30ec\u30b59Japan1935\u30d7\u30ec\u30b510Japan1935\u30d7\u30ec\u30b511Japan1935\u30d7\u30ec\u30b512Japan1935\u30d7\u30ec\u30b513Japan1935\u30d7\u30ec\u30b514Japan1935\u30d7\u30ec\u30b515Japan1935\u30d7\u30ec\u30b516Japan1935\u30d7\u30ec\u30b517Japan1935\u30d7\u30ec\u30b518Japan1935\u30d7\u30ec\u30b519KSR\ubd80\ub7ec\uc11c19 \u2192 1319Japan1935Operational as of October 2015.[10]References[edit]^ Colvin, Fred H. (1906). The railroad pocket-book: a quick reference cyclopedia of railroad information. New York, Derry-Collard; London, Locomotive Publishing Company (US-UK co-edition). p.\u00a0L\u20119.^ “North and South Korea Steam Locomotives”. 20 April 2004. Archived from the original on 20 April 2004.{{cite web}}:  CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)^ a b c d e Byeon, Seong-u (1999). \ud55c\uad6d\ucca0\ub3c4\ucc28\ub7c9 100\ub144\uc0ac [Korean Railways Rolling Stock Centennial] (in Korean). Seoul: Korea Rolling Stock Technical Corp.^ a b \ud478\ub7ec\ud615 \uc99d\uae30\uae30\uad00\ucc28(\ud0f1\ud06c\uc2dd)\ub97c \uc54c\uc544\ubcf4\uc790. 2 December 2012 (in Korean)^ a b c d e “Korean National RR Class PR7 2-6-2T”. donsdepot.donrossgroup.net.^ “\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u94c1\u8def\u535a\u7269\u9986”. www.china.internationalsteam.co.uk.^ Takagi, Hiroyuki, “History of the Development of Railways in Manchuria”, p. 151, \u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u6f6e\u66f8\u623f\u5149\u4eba\u793e 2012 (in Japanese)^ @ZengoMay (November 17, 2019). “North Korea [DPRK] Chongjin November 2019 Live Steam locomotives working in Chongjin steelworks and port.  One 13xx series and three 17xx series locos, all 2-6-2. Built Japan 1930-1941” (Tweet) \u2013 via Twitter.^ a b c d Kokubu, Hayato (January 2007). \u5c06\u8ecd\u69d8\u306e\u9244\u9053 (in Japanese). Sh\u014dgun-sama no Tetsud\u014d. p.\u00a0109. ISBN\u00a0978-4-10-303731-6.^ a b “Steam in Chongjin”. 16 November 2015.^ a b “DPRK steam locomotive types”. 16 November 2012.^ Zhang Shengfa, “Return of the Chinese Changchun Railway to China by the USSR.” In Manchurian Railways and the Opening of China, 171-94. 1st ed. Vol. 1. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group, 2010. Page 171.^ “Railography\u00a0: Chinese Locomotive Lists\u00a0: Index of Lists Arranged by Class”. www.railography.co.uk.     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/sentetsu-purena-class-locomotives-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Sentetsu Purena-class locomotives – Wikipedia"}}]}]