[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/siphonotretida-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/siphonotretida-wikipedia\/","headline":"Siphonotretida – Wikipedia","name":"Siphonotretida – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Extinct order of marine lamp shells Siphonotretida is an extinct order of linguliform","datePublished":"2016-02-28","dateModified":"2016-02-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","height":"1","width":"1"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/siphonotretida-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2423,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Extinct order of marine lamp shellsSiphonotretida is an extinct order of linguliform brachiopods in the class Lingulata. The order is equivalent to the sole superfamily Siphonotretoidea, itself containing the sole family Siphonotretidae. They were most abundant in the Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician (Furongian to Floian), and were traditionally considered to have gone extinct in the Upper Ordovician (Ashgill). However, they may have been present as early as Cambrian Stage 4,[1] and as late as the Silurian (Ludlow).[2][3] Siphonotretoids were originally placed as a superfamily of Acrotretida, before being raised to their own order.[4]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Siphonotretids had simple, rounded shells with an ornamentation of hollow spines. The shell is usually ventribiconvex (both valves convex, the ventral valve moreso) and composed of microscopic granules of apatite. The inner surface of the shell tends to be weakly mineralized, so many aspects of the musculature and other soft anatomy are difficult to estimate in most species. Available data supports comparison to the internal structures of lingulids.[4] Siphonotretids may be related to the linguloid families Lingulellotretidae or Dysoristidae.[5]Similar to acrotretides, the pedicle foramen was set at the apex of the ventral valve, though it is often elongated into a tubular groove opening forwards. This groove lies on a triangular extension of the ventral valve, known as a pseudointerarea, which overhangs the dorsal valve. Unlike acrotretides, the adult shell is spinose while the larval shell lacks a pitted texture.[4]The possible siphonotretid Acanthotretella is known from several exceptionally-preserved specimens which reveal lingulid-like traits such as setae, a spirolophous lophophore and U-shaped gut. However, the shell was poorly mineralized and sends out a very long, stalk-like pedicle, which in one specimen was attached to a fragment of algae. Combined with a lightweight shell, the pedicle likely helped to suspend the body above the seabed, an epibenthic lifestyle dissimilar to the infaunal (burrowing) lingulids.[6][1][7]Acanthambonia Cooper, 1956 (Ordovician, Arenig to Ashgill)Acanthotretella? Holmer & Caron, 2006 (mid-Cambrian, “Stage 4” to Miaolingian; provisionally assigned to Siphonotretoidea)[6][1]Alichovia Goryanskij, 1969 (Ordovician, Tremadoc to Caradoc)Celdobolus Havl\u00ed\u010dek, 1982 (Ordovician, Arenig)Cyrbasiotreta Williams & Curry, 1985 (Middle Ordovician, Arenig)Eosiphonotreta Havl\u00ed\u010dek, 1982 (Lower to Middle Ordovician, Arenig to Llanvirn)Gorchakovia Popov & Khazanovitch (in Popov et al., 1989) (Upper Cambrian)Helmersenia Pander (in von Helmersen, 1861) (Upper Cambrian to Ordovician)Karnotreta Williams & Curry, 1985 (Middle Ordovician, Arenig)Mesotreta Kutorga, 1848 (Lower to Middle Ordovician, Arenig)Multispinula Rowell, 1962 (Middle to Upper Ordovician, Arenig to Ashgill)Nushbiella Popov (in Kolobova & Popov, 1986) (Middle to Upper Ordovician, Arenig to Caradoc)Oaxaquiatreta Streng, Mellbin, Landing & Keppie, 2011 (Upper Cambrian to Tremadocian)[8]Orbaspina Valentine & Brock, 2003 (Silurian, late Llandovery to Ludlow)[5][2]Quasithambonia? Bednarczyk & Biernat, 1978 (Ordovician, Arenig)Schizambon Walcott, 1884 (Middle Cambrian to Ordovician, Arenig)Siphonobolus Havl\u00ed\u010dek, 1982 (Ordovician, Tremadoc to Arenig)Siphonotreta de Verneuil, 1845 (Ordovician, Arenig to Caradoc)Siphonotretella Popov & Holmer, 1994 (Lower Ordovician, Tremadoc to Arenig)References[edit]^ a b c Hu, S.; Zhang, Z.; Holmer, L.E.; Skovsted, C.B. (2010). “Soft\u2212part preservation in a linguliform brachiopod from the lower Cambrian Wulongqing Formation (Guanshan Fauna) of Yunnan, South China”. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 55 (3): 495\u2013505. CiteSeerX\u00a010.1.1.729.8220. doi:10.4202\/app.2009.1106. S2CID\u00a059439966.^ a b Mergl, M. (2003). “Orbaspina chlupaci sp. nov., a new siphonotretid brachiopod from the Silurian of the Barrandian area, Bohemia” (PDF). Bulletin of Geosciences. 78 (4): 419\u2013421.^ Mergl, M.; Fryda, J.; Kubajko, M. (2018). “Response of organophosphatic brachiopods to the mid-Ludfordian (late Silurian) carbon isotope excursion and associated extinction events in the Prague Basin (Czech Republic)” (PDF). Bulletin of Geosciences. 93 (3): 369\u2013400.^ a b c Williams, Alwyn; Brunton, C.H.C.; Carlson, S.J.;  et\u00a0al. (1997\u20132007).  Roger L. Kaesler (1997\u20132006); Paul Selden (2007) (eds.). Part H, Brachiopoda (Revised). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Boulder, CO; Lawrence, KS: Geological Society of America.^ a b Valentine, James L.; Brock, Glenn (2003). “A new siphonotretid brachiopod from the Silurian of central-western New South Wales, Australia” (PDF). Records of the Australian Museum. 55 (2): 231\u2013244. doi:10.3853\/j.0067-1975.55.2003.1378.^ a b Holmer, L. E.; Caron, J. B. (2006). “A spinose stem group brachiopod with pedicle from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale”. Acta Zoologica. 87 (4): 273. doi:10.1111\/j.1463-6395.2006.00241.x.^ “Acanthotretella spinosa“. Burgess Shale Fossil Gallery. Virtual Museum of Canada. 2011. Archived from the original on 2020-11-12.^ Streng, Michael; Mellbin, Barbro B.; Landing, Ed; Keppie, J. Duncan (2011). “Linguliform brachiopods from the terminal Cambrian and lowest Ordovician of the Oaxaquia microcontinent (Southern Mexico)”. Journal of Paleontology. 85 (1): 122\u2013155. doi:10.1666\/10-074.1.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/siphonotretida-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Siphonotretida – Wikipedia"}}]}]