Subdivisions of Scotland – Wikipedia

Present or former administrative subdivisions of Scotland

Councils of Scotland
Category	Administrative unit
Location	Scotland
Number	32 Councils
Populations	21,400 (Orkney Islands) – 593,200 (Glasgow)
Areas	21 square miles (54 km2) (Dundee) – 11,838 square miles (30,660 km2) (Highland)
Government
Subdivisions

For local government purposes, Scotland is divided into 32 areas designated as “council areas” (Scottish Gaelic: comhairlean), which are all governed by single-tier authorities designated as “councils”.^[1] They have the option under the Local Government (Gaelic Names) (Scotland) Act 1997^[2] of being known (but not re-designated) as a “comhairle” when opting for a Gaelic name; only Comhairle nan Eilean Siar (Council of the Western Isles) has chosen this option, whereas the Highland Council (Comhairle na Gàidhealtachd) has adopted its Gaelic form alongside its English equivalent, informally.

The council areas have been in existence since 1 April 1996, under the provisions of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994. Historically, Scotland was divided into 34 counties or shires. Although these no longer have any administrative function, they are still used to some extent in Scotland for cultural and geographical purposes, and some of the current council areas are named after them. There are also a number of other administrative divisions, some of which are handled by joint boards of the councils.

At the most local level, Scotland is divided into civil parishes, which are now used only for statistical purposes such as the census. The lowest level of administrative subdivision are the communities, which may elect community councils.

History of the subdivisions of Scotland[edit]

Traditionally burghs have been the key unit of the local government of Scotland, being highly autonomous entities, with rights to representation in the old Parliament of Scotland. Even after the Acts of Union 1707, burghs continued to be the principal subdivision. Until 1889, administration was on a burgh and parish basis.

The years following 1889 saw the introduction of a hierarchy of local government administration comprising counties, counties of cities, large burghs and small burghs.

With effect from 16 May 1975 and until 31 March 1996 the local government divisions of Scotland consisted of an upper tier of regions each containing a lower tier of districts except for the single-tier island council areas. Since 1996 there has only been a single tier of government, and the former island council areas are of equal status to the other councils.

Council areas[edit]

• These are mid-year estimates for mid-2019 est. from the Office for National Statistics.

Coat of arms	Council area	Council	Population[3]	Electors[4]	Area (km2)[5]	Density (per km2)
	Glasgow City	Glasgow City Council	626,410	462,286	174.7	3,586
	City of Edinburgh	City of Edinburgh Council	518,500	367,762	263.4	1,969
	Fife	Fife Council	371,910	280,622	1,325	281
	North Lanarkshire	North Lanarkshire Council	340,180	256,174	469.9	724
	South Lanarkshire	South Lanarkshire Council	319,020	248,875	1,772	180
–	Aberdeenshire	Aberdeenshire Council	261,470	202,194	6,313	41
	Highland	Highland Council	235,540	184,697	25,657	9
	Aberdeen City	Aberdeen City Council	227,560	163,196	185.7	1,225
	West Lothian	West Lothian Council	182,140	137,614	427.7	426
	Renfrewshire	Renfrewshire Council	177,790	133,295	261.5	680
	Falkirk	Falkirk Council	160,340	122,471	297.4	539
	Perth and Kinross	Perth and Kinross Council	151,290	114,936	5,286	29
	Dumfries and Galloway	Dumfries and Galloway Council	148,790	116,593	6,427	23
	Dundee City	Dundee City Council	148,750	112,513	59.83	2,486
	North Ayrshire	North Ayrshire Council	135,280	107,763	885.4	153
	East Ayrshire	East Ayrshire Council	121,840	94,657	1,262	97
	Angus	Angus Council	116,040	89,652	2,182	53
	Scottish Borders	Scottish Borders Council	115,270	91,919	4,732	24
	South Ayrshire	South Ayrshire Council	112,550	90,300	1,222	92
	East Dunbartonshire	East Dunbartonshire Council	108,330	85,410	174.5	621
	East Lothian	East Lothian Council	105,790	80,874	679.2	156
	Moray	Moray Council	95,520	73,284	2,238	43
–	East Renfrewshire	East Renfrewshire Council	95,170	71,618	174.2	546
	Stirling	Stirling Council	94,330	68,778	2,187	43
	Midlothian	Midlothian Council	91,340	70,587	353.7	258
	West Dunbartonshire	West Dunbartonshire Council	89,130	68,826	158.8	561
	Argyll and Bute	Argyll and Bute Council	86,260	68,271	6,909	12
	Inverclyde	Inverclyde Council	78,150	59,941	160.5	487
	Clackmannanshire	Clackmannanshire Council	51,400	39,186	159.0	323
	Na h-Eileanan Siar (Western Isles)	Comhairle nan Eilean Siar	26,830	21,874	3,059	9
	Shetland Islands	Shetland Islands Council	22,990	17,837	1,468	16
	Orkney	Orkney Islands Council	22,190	17,135	988.8	22

Other subdivisions[edit]

Scotland has several other administrative divisions, some of which are handled by joint boards of the councils.

Electoral and valuation[edit]

There are several joint boards for electoral registration and the purposes of property valuation for assessing council tax and rates.^[6]

Joint board area	Council areas
Ayrshire	East Ayrshire, North Ayrshire, South Ayrshire
Borders	Scottish Borders
Central Scotland	Clackmannanshire, Falkirk, Stirling
Dumfries and Galloway	Dumfries and Galloway
Dunbartonshire and Argyll & Bute	Argyll and Bute, East Dunbartonshire, West Dunbartonshire
Fife	Fife
Grampian	Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, Moray
Glasgow	Glasgow
Highlands and Western Isles	Highland and Na h-Eileanan Siar (Western Isles)
Lanarkshire	North Lanarkshire, South Lanarkshire
Lothian	East Lothian, Edinburgh, Midlothian, West Lothian
Orkney and Shetland	Orkney Islands and Shetland Islands
Renfrewshire	East Renfrewshire, Inverclyde, Renfrewshire
Tayside	Angus, Dundee, Perth and Kinross

Health[edit]

See also NHS Scotland

Health board area	Council areas
Ayrshire and Arran	East Ayrshire, North Ayrshire and South Ayrshire
Borders	Scottish Borders
Dumfries and Galloway	Dumfries and Galloway
Fife	Fife
Forth Valley	Clackmannanshire, Falkirk and Stirling
Grampian	Aberdeenshire, City of Aberdeen and Moray
Greater Glasgow and Clyde	City of Glasgow, East Dunbartonshire, East Renfrewshire, Inverclyde, Renfrewshire and West Dunbartonshire
Highland	Argyll and Bute and Highland
Lanarkshire	North Lanarkshire and South Lanarkshire
Lothian	City of Edinburgh, East Lothian, Midlothian and West Lothian
Orkney	Orkney Islands
Shetland	Shetland Islands
Tayside	Angus, City of Dundee and Perth and Kinross
Western Isles (Eileanan Siar)	Western Isles (Na h-Eileanan Siar)

Until 1 April 2014 the towns of Cambuslang and Rutherglen were in the Greater Glasgow and Clyde health board area despite being located in South Lanarkshire. They are now part of NHS Lanarkshire.

Transport[edit]

The Scottish Government has created seven “Regional Transport Partnerships”, for establishing transport policy in the regions. They broadly follow council area groupings.

RTP area	Council areas
NESTRANS	Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire
TACTRAN	Angus, Dundee, Perth and Kinross, Stirling
HITRANS	Argyll and Bute (except Helensburgh and Lomond), Highland, Moray, Na h-Eileanan Siar (Western Isles), Orkney
ZetTrans	Shetland
SEStran	Edinburgh, Clackmannanshire, East Lothian, Falkirk, Midlothian, Fife, Scottish Borders, West Lothian
SWESTRANS	Dumfries and Galloway
Strathclyde Partnership for Transport	Argyll and Bute (Helensburgh and Lomond only), West Dunbartonshire, East Dunbartonshire, North Lanarkshire, South Lanarkshire, Glasgow, East Renfrewshire, Renfrewshire, Inverclyde, South Ayrshire, East Ayrshire, North Ayrshire

Eurostat NUTS[edit]

In the Eurostat Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS), Scotland is a level-1 NUTS region, coded “UKM”, which is subdivided as follows:^[7]

NUTS 1	Code	NUTS 2	Code	NUTS 3	Code
Scotland	UKM	Eastern Scotland	UKM2	Angus and Dundee	UKM21
				Clackmannanshire and Fife	UKM22
				East Lothian and Midlothian	UKM23
				Scottish Borders	UKM24
				Edinburgh	UKM25
				Falkirk	UKM26
				Perth and Kinross, and Stirling	UKM27
				West Lothian	UKM28
		South Western Scotland	UKM3	East Dunbartonshire, West Dunbartonshire, and Helensburgh and Lomond	UKM31
				Dumfries and Galloway	UKM32
				East and North Ayrshire mainland	UKM33
				Glasgow	UKM34
				Inverclyde, East Renfrewshire, and Renfrewshire	UKM35
				North Lanarkshire	UKM36
				South Ayrshire	UKM37
				South Lanarkshire	UKM38
		North Eastern Scotland	UKM5	Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire	UKM50
		Highlands and Islands	UKM6	Caithness and Sutherland, and Ross and Cromarty	UKM61
				Inverness, Nairn, Moray, and Badenoch and Strathspey	UKM62
				Lochaber, Skye and Lochalsh, Arran and Cumbrae, and Argyll and Bute (except Helensburgh and Lomond)	UKM63
				Eilean Siar (Western Isles)	UKM64
				Orkney Islands	UKM65
				Shetland Islands	UKM66

Land registration[edit]

The current land registration system in Scotland divides Scotland into 33 Registration Counties,^[8] each coming into effect on various dates between 1981 and 2003. These areas in most cases resemble those of the pre-1975 administrative counties with Glasgow being the only current city to form a registration county.

Sheriffdoms[edit]

Sheriffdoms are judicial areas. Since 1 January 1975, these have been six in number:^[9]

Lieutenancy areas[edit]

The Lieutenancy areas of Scotland are the areas used for the ceremonial lord-lieutenants, the monarch’s representatives. The areas are similar to the Historic Counties and the Registration Counties, but are not identical to either. Most notably, the four cities of Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh, and Glasgow form separate areas from the surrounding countryside, with the Lord Provost of each city acting ex officio as the lord-lieutenant.

Former police and fire services[edit]

The Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012 resulted in the merger of local police and fire services on 1 April 2013 to form the Police Service of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Seirbheis Phoilis na h-Alba) and the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service (SFRS, Scottish Gaelic: Seirbheis Smàlaidh agus Teasairginn na h-Alba).

Prior to 1975 policing was the responsibility of the Cities and Burghs of Scotland (see List of burghs in Scotland). Between 1975 and 2013 Scotland was subdivided into Police and fire service areas based on the regions and districts and island council areas that were also formed in 1975. The police and fire service regions used between 1975 and 2013 are listed below.

Services	Original area (former regions)	Council areas
Central Scotland Police Central Scotland Fire and Rescue Service	Central	Clackmannanshire, Falkirk and Stirling
Dumfries and Galloway Constabulary Dumfries and Galloway Fire and Rescue Service	Dumfries and Galloway	Dumfries and Galloway
Fife Constabulary Fife Fire and Rescue Service	Fife	Fife
Grampian Police Grampian Fire and Rescue Service	Grampian	Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire and Moray
Lothian and Borders Police Lothian and Borders Fire and Rescue Service	Lothians and the Scottish Borders	City of Edinburgh, East Lothian, Midlothian, Scottish Borders, West Lothian
Northern Constabulary Highlands and Islands Fire and Rescue Service	Highland, Orkney, Shetland and Western Isles	Highland, Na h-Eileanan Siar (Western Isles), Orkney and Shetland
Strathclyde Police Strathclyde Fire and Rescue	Strathclyde	Argyll and Bute, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire East Renfrewshire, the City of Glasgow, Inverclyde, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire and West Dunbartonshire
Tayside Police Tayside Fire and Rescue Service	Tayside	Angus, the City of Dundee and Perth & Kinross

Lower level subdivisions[edit]

Scotland is divided into 871 civil parishes which often resemble same-named but legally different ecclesiastical parishes. Although they have had no administrative function since 1930, they still exist and are still used for statistical purposes such as the census. Many former civil parish areas also continued to form registration districts until 1 January 2007. Many boundary changes have occurred over the years and an area currently derived from an old parish might no longer contain a place previously within that parish. Similarly, county boundaries (as still used for land registration) have also changed over the years such that a parish mentioned historically (generally before the 1860s) as being in one county (or sometimes two due to straddling a border) might now be in a neighbouring county and consequentially in a different succeeding council area.

For most administrative purposes, the base level of sub-division in Scotland is now that of communities, which may elect community councils. The main role of these bodies is to channel and reflect local opinion to other bodies; they otherwise have very limited powers. There are around 1,200 communities in Scotland. Not all communities have councils; some have joint councils.

Scottish communities are the nearest equivalent to civil parishes in England.

See also[edit]

References[edit]