[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/trio-sonata-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/trio-sonata-wikipedia\/","headline":"Trio sonata – Wikipedia","name":"Trio sonata – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Musical genre popular in the Baroque era The trio sonata is a genre,","datePublished":"2017-03-14","dateModified":"2017-03-14","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cb\/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg\/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cb\/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg\/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png","height":"50","width":"50"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki41\/trio-sonata-wikipedia\/","wordCount":5266,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Musical genre popular in the Baroque eraThe trio sonata is a genre, typically consisting of several movements,[1] with two melody instruments and basso continuo. Originating in the early 17th century, the trio sonata was a favorite chamber ensemble combination in the Baroque era.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsBasic structure[edit]Composers, compositions and variant formats[edit]Arcangelo Corelli[edit]Johann Sebastian Bach[edit]Other composers[edit]References[edit]Sources[edit]Further reading[edit]Basic structure[edit]The trio sonata typically consisted of three parts, two violins and (basso) continuo. However, the two violins could be substituted with pairs of flutes, recorders, oboes, or violin and viola da gamba. The third part, the continuo, has two components. First, it includes the bass line, which commonly was played by a bass viol, violone, violoncello, or bassoon. Second, it includes a harmony-producing instrument, such as a small organ, a harpsichord, or a theorbo. The continuo could be performed by two or more performers; a cellist to play the bass line and a harpsichordist or organist to focus on the harmonies.[1] Because there normally are two people playing the continuo part, there are usually four players in all.[1] This accounts for the title of Henry Purcell’s second collection, Ten Sonatas in Four Parts (1697); his first publication Sonnata’s of III Parts (1683) likewise included separate parts for cello and keyboard.[5] From about the middle of the 17th century two distinct types of sonatas appeared: sonata da camera (chamber sonata) and sonata da chiesa (church sonata).[1]Composers, compositions and variant formats[edit]The genre originated as instrumental adaptation of the three-part texture common in Italian vocal music in the late 16th century. The earliest published trio sonatas appeared in Venice (Salamone Rossi Il primo libro delle sinfonie e gagliarde, 1607) and in Milan (Giovanni Paolo Cima, Sonata a tre for violin, cornett and continuo in the collection Concerti ecclesiastici, 1610).[1]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Arcangelo Corelli[edit]Italian composer Arcangelo Corelli was one of the most influential composers of the trio sonata. The published trio sonatas by Corelli are:An additional collection of Trio Sonatas, for two violins, cello, and organ, was published as “Op. post.” in Amsterdam, in 1714. Corelli’s trios would serve as models for other composers well into the 18th century.Johann Sebastian Bach[edit]German composer Johann Sebastian Bach is another notable composer of the trio sonata, but he was known for shying away from the traditional structure of the sonata. He typically played the three parts with fewer than three instruments. One part could be played by a violin and the other two parts could be played by a keyboard, or all three parts could be played on the organ.Trio sonatas by Bach include:Trio Sonatas for organ, BWV 525\u2013530, combining all three parts on one instrument: typically the right hand, left hand and pedals will each take a different part thus creating the same texture as in a trio.[citation needed]A further innovation by Bach was the trio sonatas involving a concertante (obbligato) right-hand harpsichord part in addition to the bass line, plus one melodic instrument, thus for two players. Examples are the Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord, BWV 1014\u20131019, three sonatas for viola da gamba and harpsichord, BWV 1027\u20131029, and two sonatas for flute and harpsichord, BWV\u00a01030 and 1032; BWV\u00a01020, BWV\u00a01031 and BWV\u00a01033 are doubtful.[11]Trio Sonatas BWV 1036\u20131040: BWV 1039 is a variant version of BWV\u00a01027. The attribution of BWV 1036-1038 to Bach is doubtful, but all are typical of baroque chamber music.[citation needed]The mid-18th-century manuscript D-B Mus. ms. Bach St 345 contains a Concerto (or: Trio Sonata) in C\u00a0major for violin, cello and continuo, arranged from (or: earlier version of) BWV\u00a0525\/1, 1032\/2 and 525\/3 respectively. The 1998 edition of the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis lists this version as BWV 525a, and considers the attribution of the arrangement to Bach doubtful.[13] Based on the New Bach Edition, the Bach Digital website gives “BWV\u00a0deest” instead of the BWV number 525a for this chamber music version.Other composers[edit]Tomaso Albinoni, 12 sonatas da chiesa Op. 1, twelve balletti a tre Op. 3, six sonatas da camera as part of Op. 8, six unpublished trio sonatas Op. 11, and a further six trio sonatas without opus number in a manuscript in Vienna, \u00d6sterreichische Nationalbibliothek, Musiksammlung.Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach wrote at least 44 trio sonatas, including one for flute, viola, and piano, said to have been given its world premiere by the Society for Forgotten Music at the New York Public Library on 30 January 1949. His best-known work in the genre is the programmatic Trio (“Sanguineus und Melancholicus”), in C minor, composed in 1749 and published in Nuremberg in 1751, which exists in two versions: one for obbligato keyboard and violin, the other for two violins and continuo.[17] Trio Sonatas BWV\u00a01036\u00a0[scores] and BWV\u00a01038\u00a0[scores].William Boyce, 12 Trio Sonatas for two violins and continuo (1747).Dieterich Buxtehude, Op. 1, six sonatas, and Op. 2, seven sonatas, scored for violin, viola da gamba and basso continuo. These were the only works by Buxtehude that were published during his lifetime. Though real trio texture does occur from time to time, these are really sonate a due for violin and viola da gamba, with the continuo often being a simplification of the gamba part. There are however four genuine trio sonatas by Buxtehude surviving in manuscript, two for two violins, viola da gamba and continuo in C and G major (BuxWV 266 and 271), one for two violins and continuo in F major (BuxWV 270, fragmentary), and one for viola da gamba, viola, and continuo in D major (BuxWV 267).Fran\u00e7ois Couperin published a number of trio sonatas: Le Parnasse, ou L\u2019apoth\u00e9ose de Corelli, grande sonade en trio, for two violins and continuo (Paris, 1724); Concert instrumental sous le titre d\u2019Apoth\u00e9ose compos\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire immortelle de l\u2019incomparable Monsieur de Lully, for two violins (two flutes, or other unspecified instruments), and continuo (Paris, 1725); and the collection Les nations: sonades et suites de simphonies en trio, for two violins and continuo (Paris, 1726), consisting of La Fran\u00e7oise [La pucelle], L\u2019Espagnole [La visionnaire], L\u2019imp\u00e9riale, and La Piemontoise [L\u2019astr\u00e9e]. In addition, two trio sonatas have survived in manuscript: La Steinquerque and La superbe, both for two violins and continuo.Domenico Gallo, 12 trio sonatas for two violins and continuo, long erroneously attributed to Pergolesi, some movements of which were arranged for Stravinsky’s ballet Pulcinella.Johann Gottlieb Goldberg, a student of J.\u00a0S. Bach, composed at least six trio sonatas. Four of these are for 2 violins and continuo, one of which used to be attributed to J.\u00a0S. Bach, as BWV\u00a01037\u00a0[scores]. Two trio sonatas for flute, violin, and continuo are listed in a Breitkopf catalogue, but have gone missing.George Frideric Handel, trio sonatas Op. 2 and 5, all in sonata da chiesa form. The attribution to Handel of the six trios HWV 380-385 for two oboes and continuo is doubtful, and the authenticity of the three trios HWV 393-395 is uncertain.Jacques-Martin Hotteterre, Sonates en trio pour les fl\u00fbtes traversi\u00e8res et a bec, violon, hautbois, Op. 3 (1712).Pietro Antonio Locatelli, six Trio Sonatas, Op. 5, for two violins or two traversos and continuo (1736).Johann Pachelbel, Musikalische Erg\u00f6tzung (“Musical Delight”), containing six suites for two violins and basso continuo, each commencing with a sonata, followed by a succession of dances. The violin parts use scordatura tuning. The sonatas are of two types. Nos. 1 and 3 are marked Allegro, and are fughettas. The remaining four are Adagio movements and are similar to French overtures, in two sections.[28]Henry Purcell, Sonnata’s of III Parts, 1683, ten sonatas in four parts, 1697, but both sets are scored for two violins, bass viol, and organ or harpsichord. In terms of style, Purcell’s trio sonatas are conservative, modeled on the older generation of Italians (Giovanni Legrenzi, Lelio Colista, and Giovanni Battista Vitali) rather than Corelli or Giovanni Battista Bassani.[29]Gottfried Heinrich St\u00f6lzel, over 25 extant trio sonatas, including two for solo organ. Others for continuo (sometimes indicated as harpsichord) and diverse combinations of flute(s), violin(s), oboes or unspecified instruments.Georg Philipp Telemann, around 100 trio sonatas in TWV 42. The earliest sonatas exhibit the Corelli style most clearly, while later works anticipate the mid-century Empfindsamkeit and galant styles, or mix Italian, French, and Polish styles.Antonio Vivaldi, 12 trio sonatas da camera Op. 1, two trio sonatas mixed with solo sonatas in Op. 5, and thirteen unpublished trios. One further trio sonata, RV 80, in G major, for two flutes and continuo, is attributed to Vivaldi but is probably spurious.Jan Dismas Zelenka, six sonatas\u00a0[scores], ZWV 181, composed around 1721\u20131722.References[edit]Sources[edit]Anon. 1949. “Bach Trio Sonata Heard”. The New York Times (31 January): 15.Bach, Johann Sebastian (et al.?). 1740\u20131760. Sonaten. Arr.; vl, vlc, b; C-Dur (“Concerto”; nach BWV 525 und 1032), Mus. ms. Bach St\u00a0345 (olim: Mus. ms. Bach P\u00a0914), Bach Digital, Berlin State Library. RISM\u00a0467234500.Bonta, Stephen, and Steven Zohn. 2003. “Trio Sonata”. The Harvard Dictionary of Music, fourth edition, edited by Don Michael Randal. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press ISBN\u00a00-674-01163-5.Boyce, William. 1747. Twelve Sonatas for Two Violins; With a Bass for the Violoncello or Harpsicord\u00a0[scores]. London: John Walsh.Breig, Werner. 1997. “Ensemble Sonatas”, pp.\u00a0128\u2013131 in The Cambridge Companion to Bach edited by John Butt. Cambridge University Press. ISBN\u00a00521587808.Deas, Stewart. 1953. “Arcangelo Corelli”. Music & Letters 34, no. 1 (January): 1\u201310.D\u00fcrr, Alfred (1954). “Johann Gottlieb Goldberg und die Triosonate BWV 1037” [Johann Gottlieb Goldberg and the trio sonata BWV\u00a01037].  In D\u00fcrr, Alfred; Neumann, Werner (eds.). Bach-Jahrbuch 1953 [Bach Yearbook 1953]. Bach-Jahrbuch (in German). Vol.\u00a040. Neue Bachgesellschaft. Berlin: Evangelische Verlagsanstalt. pp.\u00a051\u201380. doi:10.13141\/bjb.v1953.D\u00fcrr, Alfred, and Yoshitake Kobayashi (ed.). Bach Werke Verzeichnis: Kleine Ausgabe \u2013 Nach der von Wolfgang Schmieder vorgelegten 2. Ausgabe (Bach Works Catalogue: Small Edition \u2013 After Wolfgang Schmieder’s 2nd edition), with a preface in English and German, Kirsten Bei\u00dfwenger, collaborator. BWV2a. Wiesbaden: Breitkopf & H\u00e4rtel. ISBN\u00a09783765102493.Editors of Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica. 2007. “Trio Sonata“. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica (March 29). Britannica.com. Retrieved July 21, 2017.Giannini, Tula. “Hotteterre family [Haulteterre, Hauterre, Hauteterre, Hoteterre, Hoterre, Obterre, etc.]: (4) Jacques(-Martin) Hotteterre (ii) [‘le Romain’]”. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.Hicks, Anthony. 2001. “Handel [H\u00e4ndel, Hendel], George Frideric [Georg Friederich]”. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.Higginbottom, Edward. 2001. “Couperin [le grand], Fran\u00e7ois(ii)”. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.Hofmann, Klaus. 2006. New Bach Edition, Series VI: Chamber Music, Vol. 5: Various Chamber Music Works, Critical Commentary, p.\u00a098, cited in Bach Digital Work 01718 at Bach Digital websiteHolman, Peter, Robert Thompson, and Mark Humphreys. 2001. “Purcell, \u00a7\u00a03: Henry Purcell (ii)”. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.Works by Georg Philipp Telemann at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)Locatelli, Pietro Antonio. 1736. Sei Sonate \u00e0 Tr\u00e8, o Due Violini, o Due Flauti Traversi, \u00e8 Basso per il Cembalo\u00a0[scores]. Amsterdam: (published by the composer).Mangsen, Sandra. 2001. “Trio Sonata”. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.Mattheson, Johann. 1739. Der Vollkommene Capellmeister. Hamburg: Christian Herold.Nolte, Ewald V., John Butt, and H. Joseph Butler. 2001. “Pachelbel: (1) Johann Pachelbel [Bachelbel]”. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.Rubin, Norman. 2001. “Goldberg [Gollberg, Goltberg, etc.], Johann Gottlieb [Th\u00e9ophile]”. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.Snyder, Kerala J. 2001. “Buxtehude, Dieterich”. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.St\u00f6lzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1700\u20131799a. Sonata 1 (\u22122) \u00e0 3. \/ Due Flauti traversi. \/ Con il \/ Fondamento, Ms. Instr. mus. i hs. 59:11\u201312 at Uppsala University Library (Carolina Rediviva). RISM\u00a0190025778.St\u00f6lzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1700\u20131799b. Sonata 3 (\u22124) \u00e0 3. \/ Flauto traverso \/ Violino \/ con il \/ Fondamento. Ms. Instr. mus. i hs. 59:13\u201314 at Uppsala University Library (Carolina Rediviva). RISM\u00a0190025781.St\u00f6lzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1720\u20131750. Sonata \/ a \/ Oboe \/ Violino \/ con \/ Cembalo, Ms. Mus.2450-Q-6 (olim: Mus.c.Cx 842, Schrank II\/23\/7, R\u00f6tel 7) at Saxon State and University Library Dresden (K\u00f6nigliche Privat-Musikaliensammlung, Sonatas). RISM\u00a0212002969.St\u00f6lzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1740. Zwei Trio-Sonaten, Ms. Am.B\u00a0411c at Berlin State Library (Amalien-Bibliothek). RISM\u00a0452505437.St\u00f6lzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1750. Sechs, (corrected in pencil): Elf Trio-Sonaten\/ in \/ Partitur \/ f\u00fcr die Orgel, Ms. Am.B\u00a0411a at Berlin State Library (Amalien-Bibliothek). RISM\u00a0452505424.St\u00f6lzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1760a. Nro. 50. 51. und 52. \/ III. \/ Trio. \/ Violino. & Fl. Traverso. 1. \/ Violino. & Fl. Traverso 2. \/ et \/ Cembalo. Ms. Am.B\u00a0411d at Berlin State Library (Amalien-Bibliothek). RISM\u00a0452505440.St\u00f6lzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1760b. Two Sonatas for violin, flute, and continuo, Ms. Am.B\u00a0500 at Berlin State Library (Amalien-Bibliothek). RISM\u00a0452506216.St\u00f6lzel, Gottfried Heinrich. ca.1770. Trio \/ dal \/ Sigre \/ Stoel \/ zel. Ms. Am.B\u00a0469 at Berlin State Library (Amalien-Bibliothek). RISM\u00a0452505898.St\u00f6lzel, Gottfried Heinrich. n.d. Sonata a tre for two violins and continuo, Ms. XXXIV B 342 at N\u00e1rodn\u00ed muzeum, Prague (\u010cesk\u00e9 muzeum hudby, hudebn\u011b-historick\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed). RISM\u00a0550041276.Talbot, Michael. 2001a. “Albinoni, Tomaso Giovanni [Zuane]”. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.Talbot, Michael. 2001b. “Corelli, Arcangelo”. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.Talbot, Michael. 2001c. “Vivaldi, Antonio (Lucio)”. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.Van Boer, Bertil H. 2012. Historical Dictionary of Music of the Classical Period. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press ISBN\u00a0978-0-8108-7183-0.Vetter, Roger. n.d. “Baroque Trio Sonata”. Retrieved on 7 May 2020.Wolff, Christoph, and Ulrich Leisinger. 2001. “Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel”. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.Zelenka, Jan Dismas (autograph). [1721\u201322]. 6 Sonatas, Ms. Mus.2358-Q-1 at Saxon State and University Library Dresden (K\u00f6nigliche Privat-Musikaliensammlung). RISM\u00a0211010356.Zohn, Steven. 2001. “Telemann, Georg Philipp, \u00a7\u00a08: Instrumental Music”. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.Further reading[edit]Allsop, Peter. 1992. The Italian “Trio” Sonata: From Its Origins until Corelli. Oxford Monographs on Music. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN\u00a00-19-816229-4.Apel, Willi. 1990. Italian Violin Music of the Seventeenth Century, edited by Thomas Binkley. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN\u00a00-253-30683-3.Defant, Christine. 1985. Kammermusik und Stylus phantasticus: Studien zu Dietrich Buxtehudes Triosonaten. Europ\u00e4ische Hochschulschriften \/ European University Studies \/ \u00c9tudes Universitaires Europ\u00e9ennes. Frankfurt: Peter Lang. ISBN\u00a09783820485141.D\u00fcrr, Alfred (ed.). 1987. Eight Short Preludes and Fugues BWV 553\u2013560: Formerly Ascribed to Johann Sebastian Bach. Kassel: B\u00e4renreiter. BA\u00a06497. ISMN 9790006480098.Hogwood, Christopher. 1979. The Trio Sonata. BBC Music Guides. London: British Broadcasting Corporation. ISBN\u00a00-563-17095-6.Kamien, Roger. 2008. Music an Appreciation, sixth brief edition. Boston: McGraw-Hill. ISBN\u00a0978-0073326375 (annotated instructor’s edition); ISBN\u00a09780073265452 (student edition)Mangsen, Sandra. 2001. “Trio Sonata”. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.Schenk, Erich. 2005. Die Triosonate. Das Musikwerk, eine Beispielsammlung zur Musikgeschichte, Neuausgabe 20. Laaber: Laaber Verlag. ISBN\u00a03-89007-623-8.     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