[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/2019-24-hours-of-le-mans\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/2019-24-hours-of-le-mans\/","headline":"2019 24 Hours of Le Mans","name":"2019 24 Hours of Le Mans","description":"Automobile endurance race in France Circuit de la Sarthe track The 87th 24 Hours of Le Mans (French: 87e 24","datePublished":"2021-01-17","dateModified":"2021-01-17","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Circuit_de_la_Sarthe_track_map.svg\/220px-Circuit_de_la_Sarthe_track_map.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Circuit_de_la_Sarthe_track_map.svg\/220px-Circuit_de_la_Sarthe_track_map.svg.png","height":"152","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/2019-24-hours-of-le-mans\/","wordCount":29097,"articleBody":"Automobile endurance race in France  Circuit de la Sarthe track  The 87th 24 Hours of Le Mans (French: 87e 24 Heures du Mans) was an 24 hour automobile endurance race for Le Mans Prototype and Le Mans Grand Touring Endurance cars entered by teams of three drivers each held from 15 to 16 June 2019 at the Circuit de la Sarthe, close to Le Mans, France before approximately 252,500 people. It was the 87th running of the event, as organised by the automotive group, the Automobile Club de l’Ouest (ACO) since 1923. The round was the last race in the 2018\u201319 FIA World Endurance Championship and the second time in the season that the series had visited Le Mans. A test day was held two weeks prior to the race on 2 June.A Toyota TS050 Hybrid shared by Mike Conway, Kamui Kobayashi and Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda L\u00f3pez started from pole position after Kobayashi set the overall fastest lap time in the second qualifying session. The race was won by the Toyota trio of Fernando Alonso, S\u00e9bastien Buemi and Kazuki Nakajima after L\u00f3pez slowed in the 23rd hour due to a wired tyre pressure sensor system, which incorrectly indicated a puncture on a tyre that was later found not to have any issues. It was Alonso, Buemi, Nakajima and Toyota’s second consecutive Le Mans win. The No. 7 Toyota finished almost 17 seconds behind in second position. The No. 11 SMP Racing BR1 of Mikhail Aleshin, Vitaly Petrov and Stoffel Vandoorne was the highest-placed non-hybrid LMP1 car in third place.The Signatech Alpine team of Nicolas Lapierre, Andr\u00e9 Negr\u00e3o and Pierre Thiriet won the Le Mans Prototype 2 (LMP2) category with the Jackie Chan DC Racing Oreca 07 car of Ho-Pin Tung, Gabriel Aubry and St\u00e9phane Richelmi second. On the 70th anniversary of Ferrari’s first overall Le Mans victory the AF Corse team won the Le Mans Grand Touring Endurance Professional (LMGTE Pro) class with James Calado’s, Alessandro Pier Guidi’s and Daniel Serra’s 488 GTE Evo from a Porsche 911 RSR driven by Richard Lietz, Gianmaria Bruni and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Makowiecki. The Le Mans Grand Touring Endurance Amateur (LMGTE Am) category was led for most of the time by Keating Motorsports’ Ford GT of Jeroen Bleekemolen, Felipe Fraga and Ben Keating which was the first to finish the race. It was later disqualified for an oversized fuel tank and Project 1 Racing’s Porsche of J\u00f6rg Bergmeister, Patrick Lindsey and Egidio Perfetti inherited the class win.The result won Alonso, Buemi and Nakajima the LMP Drivers’ Championship by 41 points over Conway, Kobayashi and L\u00f3pez. Thomas Laurent and Gustavo Menezes of the Rebellion Racing team finished third ahead of Aleshin and Petrov in fourth and the Rebellion duo of Neel Jani and Andr\u00e9 Lotterer in fifth. Porsche’s Michael Christensen and K\u00e9vin Estre finished tenth in LMGTE Pro to claim the GTE Drivers’ Championship with 155 points. LMGTE Pro class race winners Calado and Pier Guidi passed Bruni and Lietz to end the season in second place.Table of ContentsBackground[edit]Regulation changes[edit]Entries[edit]Automatic entries[edit]Entry list and reserves[edit]Pre-race balance of performance changes[edit]Testing[edit]Post-testing balance of performance changes[edit]Practice[edit]Qualifying[edit]Post-qualifying[edit]Qualifying results[edit]Warm-up[edit]Start and opening hours[edit]Sunset to night[edit]Morning to early afternoon[edit]Finish[edit]Post-race[edit]Race classification[edit]Championship standings after the race[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Background[edit]The dates for the 2019 24 Hours of Le Mans were confirmed at a meeting of the FIA World Motor Sport Council in its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland on 19 June 2017.[1] It was the 87th Le Mans race,[2] the final automobile endurance event of the 2018\u201319 FIA World Endurance Championship (FIA WEC), and was the second visit to Le Mans during the season.[3]After winning the 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps, Toyota drivers Fernando Alonso, S\u00e9bastien Buemi and Kazuki Nakajima led the LMP Drivers’ Championship with 160 points, 31 ahead of their teammates Mike Conway, Kamui Kobayashi and Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda L\u00f3pez in second.[4] 38 points were available for the final race, which meant Conway, Kobayashi and L\u00f3pez could win the LMP Drivers’ Championship if they won and Alonso, Buemi and Nakajima finished eighth or lower.[5] With 140 points, Porsche’s Michael Christensen and K\u00e9vin Estre led the GTE Drivers’ Championship by 36 points over their second-placed teammates Gianmaria Bruni and Richard Lietz.[4] Christensen and Estre needed to finish eighth or better to claim the title as Bruni and Lietz needed to win at Le Mans and their teammates to attain a sub-par result.[5] The LMP1 Teams’ Championship and the GTE Manufacturers’ Championship had already been won by Toyota and Porsche, respectively.[5]Regulation changes[edit]Following a two-lap victory for Porsche in the Le Mans Grand Touring Professional (LMGTE Pro) category in 2018, the ACO revised Le Mans’ safety implementation system after team managers raised procedural concerns. Full course yellow flags mandating cars to slow to 80\u00a0km\/h (50\u00a0mph) in the event of an accident were implemented for the first time at Le Mans. The system became the preferred method of slowing the race as opposed to deploying three safety cars and enforcing slow zones.[6] The ACO also permitted drivers to enter the pit lane during safety car conditions and exit it before a second safety car passed by so that they could remain in the same group of vehicles when racing resumed.[6]Entries[edit]The ACO Selection Committee received 75 applications for entries between the LMP1 (Le Mans Prototype 1), LMP2 (Le Mans Prototype 2), LMGTE Pro and LMGTE Am (Le Mans Grand Touring Amateur) categories from 20 December 2018 to 30 January 2019. The automotive group initially planned to accept 60 cars into the race but wishing to not exclude applications of a “high standard” they allowed 62 to race. The ten-panel Selection Committee took steps to ensure that the two additional required pits would be operational in time for the 2019 edition.[7][8]Automatic entries[edit]Automatic entry invitations were earned by teams that won their class in the 2018 24 Hours of Le Mans. Teams who won championships in the European Le Mans Series (ELMS), Asian Le Mans Series (ALMS), and the Michelin Le Mans Cup (MLMC) were also invited. The second-place finisher in the ELMS LMGTE championship also earned an automatic invitation. The ACO chose two IMSA SportsCar Championship (IMSA) teams to be automatic entries regardless of their performance or category. As invitations were granted to teams, they were allowed to change their cars from the previous year to the next, but not their category. The LMGTE class invitations from the ELMS and ALMS were allowed to choose between the Pro and Am categories. ELMS’ LMP3 (Le Mans Prototype 3) champion was required to field an entry in LMP2 while the ALMS LMP3 champion was permitted to choose between LMP2 or LMGTE Am. The MLMC GT3 champion was limited to the LMGTE Am category.[9][10]On 11 February 2019, the ACO announced the initial list of automatic entries.[11] Driver Misha Goikhberg, who was invited to the race by winning the Jim Trueman Award for being “the top-placed gentleman driver” in IMSA’s Daytona Prototype International category, transferred his automatic entry to WeatherTech Racing per an agreement.[12]Entry list and reserves[edit]For the 2019 event, the list of race entries was revealed in two stages: the first 42 cars were announced on 11 February with the rest of the field and 10 reserve cars in the LMP2 class and the two LMGTE categories announced on 1 March.[11] The ACO attributed the 2018\u201319 FIA WEC’s format as a reason for the alteration.[13] In addition from the 34 guaranteed entries from the FIA WEC, 15 came from the ELMS, nine from IMSA, five from the ALMS and a solitary one-off Le Mans specific entry.[14]In addition to the 62 entries given invitations for the race, 10 were put on a reserve list to replace any withdrawn or ungranted invitations. Reserve entries were ordered with the first replacing the first withdrawal from the race, regardless of the class and entry.[15] The Spirit of Race team announced the withdrawal of their Ferrari 488 GTE Evo on 21 March, citing “an unavoidable family commitment” as the reason. Duqueine Engineering’s Oreca 07-Gibson car was promoted to the race entry as a result.[16] That same day, Michael Shank Racing withdrew its Algarve Pro Racing-run Oreca 07 car from the reserve list because the team was ninth in that list.[16][17]On 16 April, on the day that the ACO announced that two additional temporary pit garages would be constructed to raise the number of cars for the event to 62, the No. 32 United Autosports Ligier JS P217-Gibson and High Class Racing’s No. 20 Oreca 07 were the two cars promoted from the reserve list to the race entry.[18] With the subsequent withdrawal of the Ebimotors LMGTE Am car from the reserve entries, five reserves remained on the list: the Eurasia Motorsport, Panis-Barthez Comp\u00e9tition, IDEC Sport, Team Project 1 and TF Sport teams.[19]Pre-race balance of performance changes[edit]The FIA Endurance Committee altered the LMP equivalence of technology and the LMGTE balance of performance to try to create parity within each category.[20] All non-hybrid LMP1 cars had their maximum fuel flow increased from 108\u00a0kg\/h (240\u00a0lb\/h) to 115\u00a0kg\/h (250\u00a0lb\/h) with the Toyota TS050 Hybrid’s unchanged at 80\u00a0kg\/h (180\u00a0lb\/h). The Toyota’s minimum weight was set at 888\u00a0kg (1,958\u00a0lb), the turbocharged non-hybrid LMP1 vehicles at 833\u00a0kg (1,836\u00a0lb) and the non-turbocharged privateer LMP1 cars at 816\u00a0kg (1,799\u00a0lb).[21]For the LMGTE Pro class, the Porsche 911 RSR and BMW M8 GTE had respective ballast increases of 2\u00a0kg (4.4\u00a0lb) and 9\u00a0kg (20\u00a0lb) and less turbocharger boost curve for lower performance. The Ford GT’s weight was increased by 12\u00a0kg (26\u00a0lb) and its turbocharger boost curve altered to raise its top speed. Conversely, the Aston Martin Vantage, the Chevrolet Corvette C7.R, and the Ferrari 488 Evo had 7\u00a0kg (15\u00a0lb) of ballast removed and the Ferrari’s turbocharger boost curve was made more powerful. In LMGTE Am, the Ford was made 13\u00a0kg (29\u00a0lb) heavier than the Ferrari 488 GTE. The 2017-specification Aston Martin Vantage had 4\u00a0kg (8.8\u00a0lb) of weight deducted while Porsche had no performance changes.[22]Testing[edit]A test day held on 2 June required all race entrants to participate in eight hours of driving divided into two sessions.[23] Toyota led the morning session with a lap of 3 minutes, 21.875 seconds from Buemi. His teammate L\u00f3pez was second and led until Buemi’s lap. Gustavo Menezes’ No. 3 Rebellion R13 car followed in third, with Vitaly Petrov and St\u00e9phane Sarrazin’s SMP Racing BR1 cars fourth and fifth. Filipe Albuquerque’s No. 22 United Autosports Ligier car led in LMP2 with a 3 minutes, 32.245 seconds lap, ahead of Pastor Maldonado’s No. 31 DragonSpeed, the Graff of Tristan Gommendy and Nyck de Vries’ Racing Team Nederland Dallara P217 cars.[24]Billy Johnson’s No. 66 Ford led LMGTE Pro for most of the session until Antonio Garc\u00eda’s No. 63 Corvette overtook him. Francesco Castellacci’s Spirit of Race Ferrari was the fastest car in LMGTE Am from Jeff Segal’s JMW Motorsport Ferrari.[24] Mechanical issues on Jordan King’s No. 37 Jackie Chan DC Racing Oreca and Marco S\u00f8rensen’s No. 95 Aston Martin and Paul-Loup Chatin’s crash into a tyre barrier at Indianapolis corner disrupted the session.[24][25]Buemi was fastest early in the second session with a lap of 3 minutes, 20.068 seconds, which he later improved to a 3 minutes, 19.440 seconds to lead all entries. Conway improved the No. 7 Toyota’s best lap for second. The fastest non-hybrid LMP1 entry was Andr\u00e9 Lotterer’s No. 1 Rebellion in third, followed by Stoffel Vandoorne’s No. 11 SMP BR1 and Nathana\u00ebl Berthon’s No. 3 Rebellion cars. With a time of 3 minutes, 28.504 seconds, Ho-Pin Tung improved the fastest time in LMP2, moving Jackie Chan past Maldonado and Nicolas Lapierre’s No. 36 Signatech Alpine car. The No. 63 Corvette continued to lead in LMGTE Pro with a 3 minutes, 54.001 seconds lap from Mike Rockenfeller, three-hundredths of a second faster than Harry Tincknell’s No. 66 Ford and Tommy Milner’s No. 64 Corvette. Toni Vilander’s No. 62 WeatherTech Ferrari was fastest in LMGTE Am.[26]Post-testing balance of performance changes[edit]Following testing, the ACO again altered the LMP1 equivalence of technology. All normally aspirated cars had a maximum fuel level per stint of 50.8\u00a0kg (112\u00a0lb) and a limit of 48.4\u00a0kg (107\u00a0lb) for turbocharged cars. Toyota had a one-lap per stint advantage of fuel load from the 2018 race reinstated with pit stop fuel flow rate changes.[27] The FIA changed the balance of performance to dictate all LMGTE vehicles have a fuel tank 1\u00a0l (0.22\u00a0imp\u00a0gal; 0.26\u00a0US\u00a0gal) larger than in testing.[28]Practice[edit]A single, four-hour free practice session on 13 June was available to the teams and saw variable weather throughout as several cars spun.[29] Vandoorne led from the final half-hour before Kobayashi went fastest with a lap of 3 minutes, 18.091 seconds with less than two minutes left of practice. The Rebellion team was third with a lap from Menezes, Alonso was fourth and Bruno Senna’s No. 1 car fifth.[30] Four Oreca vehicles led in LMP2, with Chatin’s IDEC entry ahead of Maldonado’s No. 31 DragonSpeed and Jean-\u00c9ric Vergne’s No. 26 G-Drive cars.[29] Two Porsches led in LMGTE Pro; Christensen’s No. 92 911 RSR was fastest with a lap of 3 minutes, 52.149 seconds. Mathieu Jaminet’s No. 94 car was second and the fastest Ferrari was Sam Bird’s third-placed No. 71 AF Corse car. Matt Campbell of the Dempsey-Proton team helped Porsche to be fastest in LMGTE Am ahead of Giancarlo Fisichella’s Spirit of Race Ferrari and Pedro Lamy’s No. 98 Aston Martin.[30]Satoshi Hoshino slid through a gravel trap in the Porsche Curves and crashed the No. 88 Dempsey-Proton car against a barrier, which necessitated a full course yellow flag to recover it to the pit lane.[30]Tracy Krohn had an accident in the sister No. 99 car on the Mulsanne Straight and stopped the session for \u00be of an hour to clear debris and repair a barrier.[29] Krohn was transported to The Centre Hospitalier Du Mans for observation and FIA medical personnel advised him to desist from racing for one week. The No. 99 Dempsey-Proton Porsche was later withdrawn because the team did not wish to elevate the car to the LMGTE Pro class with Krohn’s co-drivers Patrick Long and Niclas J\u00f6nsson as a duo.[31]Qualifying[edit]The first qualifying session began late on Wednesday night under clear conditions and on a dry track. Toyota again led early on with a 3 minutes, 17.161 seconds lap from Kobayashi. The fastest two non-hybrid LMP1 vehicles were Egor Orudzhev’s No. 17 SMP and Thomas Laurent’s No. 3 Rebellion car in second and third. Alonso’s No. 8 Toyota and Ben Hanley’s No. 10 DragonSpeed car were fourth and fifth. Maldonado took provisional pole position for the DragonSpeed team in LMP2 with a 3 minutes, 26.804 seconds lap. Lapierre and Albuquerque were second and third in class.[32] With 46 minutes to go, Roberto Gonz\u00e1lez spun the DragonSpeed car at the entry to the Ford Chicane. As he restarted the car to return to the pit lane, he and the left-hand side of Conway’s unsighted Toyota collided, sending Conway airborne and over Gonz\u00e1lez’s front bodywork.[33] Both drivers were unhurt as debris littered the track.[32] Repairs to the Toyota in the garage took 20 minutes to complete.[34]Tincknell’s No. 66 Ford led LMGTE Pro with a 3 minutes, 49.530 seconds time after a faster lap from Garc\u00eda’s No. 64 Corvette was disallowed because he improved it under yellow flag conditions. Nick Tandy’s No. 93 Porsche was 0.028 seconds slower in second and Alex Lynn’s No. 97 Aston Martin was third.[32] The No. 66 Ford had an earlier excursion when driver Olivier Pla spun into the gravel trap at the exit to the Porsche Curves and hit a tyre barrier. Recovery vehicles extricated the car and Pla drove slowly to the pit lane.[32][34] Porsches took the first three places in LMGTE Am, with Matteo Cairoli’s No. 77 Dempsey-Proton vehicle fastest from J\u00f6rg Bergmeister’s No. 56 Project 1 and Julien Andlauer’s sister Dempsey-Proton cars.[32] After the session, the No. 7 Toyota’s monocoque was replaced due to a deep crack discovered during an inspection; Conway and Gonz\u00e1lez shared responsibility for the crash and the former incurred a suspended three-minute stop-and-go penalty.[35]  Kamui Kobayashi (pictured in 2010) took overall pole position in the No. 7 Toyota TS050 Hybrid.Thursday’s first qualifying session saw faster lap times in every class.[36] Kobayashi improved provisional pole position to a 3 minutes, 15.497 seconds lap and his teammate Nakajima moved to second. Mikhail Aleshin moved the No. 11 SMP car to third and Neel Jani set a lap that put the No. 1 Rebellion car fourth after its best time from the first session was deleted due to an incorrect fuel flow meter.[37] Sarrazin could not improve and SMP’s No. 17 car fell to fifth.[38] Early in the session, Laurent’s engine failed on the Mulsanne Straight and laid a large amount of oil on the track. The session was stopped for 20 minutes for track marshals to extricate the No. 3 Rebellion car from the side of the exit to Mulsanne corner and dry the oil.[37][38] Maldonado improved his best lap to 3 minutes, 26.490 seconds to keep the DragonSpeed team ahead in LMP2. Jackie Chan’s No. 38 car of St\u00e9phane Richelmi went faster to go second and Lapierre fell to third after his electrical system was repaired.[37] In LMGTE Pro, Christensen’s lap of 3 minutes, 49.388 in the final ten minutes moved the No. 92 Porsche to the class lead. Garc\u00eda moved the No. 63 Corvette to second as Ticknell fell to third. Cairoli and Bergmeister retained the first two positions in LMGTE Am as Fisichella moved the Spirit of Racing team to third place.[38]As temperatures cooled in the final session, over half of the field improved their fastest laps, but Kobayashi’s pole position lap went unchallenged.[39] It was Toyota’s third pole in a row at Le Mans since the 2017 race; Conway and Kobayashi’s second and L\u00f3pez’s first.[40] Orudzhev led the session with a 3 minutes and 16.159 seconds lap for third. Menezes took fourth and Vandoorne fifth. Senna’s engine failed and he stopped at Arnage corner after an hour.[41] In LMP2, Oreca cars took the first six positions as Gommendy gave the Graff team pole position with a 3 minutes, 25.073 seconds lap. Lo\u00efc Duval was 0.282 seconds slower in second as Maldonado fell to third.[39] Porsche, and later Ford, led in LMGTE Pro before S\u00f8rensen earned the 2018 Aston Martin Vantage its second class pole with a 3 minutes, 48 seconds lap. Tincknell and Garc\u00eda were second and third in class, respectively.[40][41] Cairoli improved the No. 88 Dempsey-Proton Porsche’s provisional pole lap in LMGTE Am to a 3 minutes, 51.439 seconds ahead of his teammate Campbell. Thomas Preining moved the No. 86 Gulf car to third in class.[39] Lamy’s No. 98 Aston Martin’s got beached in a Mulsanne Straight chicane gravel trap and stopped the session for 25 minutes as it was extricated.[41]Post-qualifying[edit]Following qualifying, the stewards deleted all of the Graff team’s fastest lap times from the third session after driver Vincent Capillaire failed to stop at the scrutineering stand at the entry to the pit lane for a weight check. The team incurred a \u20ac1000 fine and fell from pole position to 14th in LMP2, elevating the IDEC squad to the class pole and the Signatech team to second place.[42]The ACO altered the balance of performance in both of the LMGTE categories. The Aston Martin’s turbocharger boost was reduced and its fuel capacity lowered by 2\u00a0l (0.44\u00a0imp\u00a0gal; 0.53\u00a0US\u00a0gal) to reduce its performance. Every car bar the Chevrolet Corvette received a weight decrease of 5\u00a0kg (11\u00a0lb). In LMGTE Am Porsche had 10\u00a0kg (22\u00a0lb) of ballast added to their cars and the same amount removed from the Fords. The Ferrari and Aston Martin LMGTE Am cars had no performance changes.[43]Qualifying results[edit]Pole positions in each class are denoted in bold. The fastest time set by each entry is denoted with a gray background.Warm-up[edit]A 45-minute warm-up session on Saturday morning took place in dry and sunny weather.[23] Kobayashi set the fastest lap late on at 3 minutes, 19.647 seconds with his teammate Buemi in second. Laurent’s No. 3 Rebellion was the fastest non-hybrid LMP1 car in third. SMP’s two cars of Petrov and Sarrazin were fourth and fifth. Vergne recorded the fastest LMP2 lap at 3 minutes, 28.763 seconds, which was 1.4 seconds faster than Duval. Estre’s No. 92 Porsche was the quickest car in LMGTE Pro while Ben Barker helped the marque to be fastest in LMGTE Am.[45] While the session passed without a major incident, a brief full course yellow flag procedure was used to clear debris on the circuit.[46]Start and opening hours[edit]The weather was dry and sunny before the race; the air temperature was between 14.5 to 21.2\u00a0\u00b0C (58.1 to 70.2\u00a0\u00b0F) and the track temperature 18.8 to 25.5\u00a0\u00b0C (65.8 to 77.9\u00a0\u00b0F).[47] Approximately 252,500 spectators attended the event.[48] The French tricolour was waved at 15:00 Central European Summer Time (UTC+02:00) by Charlene, Princess of Monaco to start the race,[49] led by the starting pole sitter Conway.[50] Menezes overtook Buemi and Petrov to move into second place on the first lap and held it until Buemi demoted him to third soon after. Conway reset the race track lap record on the fourth lap with a 3 minutes, 17.297 seconds time to lead his teammate Buemi by 15.5 seconds.[50][51] At the close of the hour, Garc\u00eda, in Corvette’s No. 63 car, took the lead of LMGTE Pro from Nicki Thiim’s No. 95 Aston Martin on the inside before Indianapolis corner, as Lapierre and Fisichella moved to the front of LMP2 and LMGTE Am on pit stop rotation respectively. Senna’s No. 1 Rebellion was forced to drive slowly to the pit lane to replace a puncture and the car fell down the race order.[51]In the second hour, Conway continued to pull away from his teammate Buemi. Vergne ran in clear air to be less than a second behind Lapierre’s LMP2 leading No. 36 Signatech car. Spirit of Race’s No. 54 Ferrari, now driven by Thomas Flohr in lieu of Fisichella, relinquished its lead of LMGTE Am to Andlauer’s No. 77 Dempsey-Proton Porsche and was behind Jeroen Bleekemolen’s No. 85 Keating Ford after a second sequence of pit stops.[52] A full course yellow flag was activated 3 hours, 42 minutes in after the left-front tyre was punctured on de Vries’ Racing Team Nederland Dallara car. This moved Gonz\u00e1lez’s No. 31 DragonSpeed vehicle to third in LMP2 which he later lost to King’s No. 37 Jackie Chan car at Mulsanne Corner. Job van Uitert’s G-Drive entry, which had taken the lead of LMP2 from Lapierre’s Signatech car, incurred a ten-second stop-and-go penalty taken at its next pit stop because his co-driver Vergne was observed speeding during the full course yellow flag.[53][54] Van Uitert recovered the lost time he had lost in the pit lane and retook the lead from the Signatech car, now driven by Pierre Thiriet, into the first Mulsanne Straight chicane.[55]  The LMGTE Pro class lead became a multi-car battle between representatives of four of the five manufacturers, with the first five positions separated by less than ten seconds.[56] During the fifth hour, Berthon’s No. 3 car fell behind the SMP duo of Aleshin and Sergey Sirotkin because of a two-minute pit stop.[57] Further down the field, Daniel Serra’s No. 51 AF Corse Ferrari passed Rockenfeller’s LMGTE Pro class-leading No. 63 Corvette. Porsche sought to conserve tyre wear and fuel usage rather than challenge for the lead in LMGTE Pro, promoting Laurens Vanthoor’s No. 92 Porsche to the class lead from Serra on pit stop strategy.[58]Felipe Fraga’s No. 85 Keating car overtook Christian Ried’s No. 77 Dempsey-Proton Porsche to lead LMGTE Am.[57] Not long after, John Farano crashed the No. 43 RLR MSport car at Tetre Rouge corner and the safety cars were deployed to slow the race. When racing resumed, Andr\u00e9 Negr\u00e3o’s Signatech car overtook Roman Rusinov’s G-Drive car into the second Mulsanne Straight chicane for the LMP2 lead.[59]Serra duelled Vanthoor and retook the lead of LMGTE Pro into Indianapolis corner. Earl Bamber moved the No. 93 Porsche past Rockenfeller for third in class.[60] Shortly after, the right-rear corner of Marcel F\u00e4ssler’s No. 64 Corvette and the left-front corner of Satoshi Hoshino’s No. 88 Dempsey-Proton Porsche made contact in slower traffic in the Porsche Curves. F\u00e4ssler veered into an outside concrete barrier and his car was retired due to heavy damage. Hoshino brought his car into the garage for repairs to its front but it was later retired for safety reasons.[61][62] F\u00e4ssler was unhurt and FIA personnel performed a precautionary CT scan on him at the circuit’s medical centre.[63] The safety cars were required once again as track marshals worked for 16 minutes to clear debris.[62] As the safety cars were recalled, the gap to L\u00f3pez and Nakajima had fallen to ten seconds and Bleekemolen had extended the lead over Jeff Segal’s No. 84 JMW Ferrari in LMGTE Am to three minutes.[59]Sunset to night[edit]At the start of the seventh hour, Laurent’s No. 3 Rebellion overtook Aleshin’s No. 11 SMP car on the outside in the Porsche Curves for third. Light rain began to fall soon after, catching out Laurent who spun after braking for the second Mulsanne Straight chicane and veered right into a barrier. The impact removed the front bodywork from the No. 3 Rebellion and a small chunk landed on the No. 11 SMP vehicle. The accident led to a third safety car intervention to clear debris, during which repairs to the No. 3 Rebellion car took 3 minutes, 38 seconds, later rejoining in fifth position, behind the SMP entries. After racing resumed, L\u00f3pez used slower traffic through the second Mulsanne Straight chicane to pass his teammate Nakajima for the overall lead. The lead of LMGTE Pro changed to Estre’s No. 92 Porsche from Alessandro Pier Guidi’s No. 51 AF Corse Ferrari after a sequence of pit stops. In LMP2, Vergne used his newer tyres to reclaim the lead of the class from Negr\u00e3o into Indianapolis corner.[64][65] L\u00f3pez was forced to relinquish the overall lead to Nakajima in the eighth hour when he ran wide into the Mulsanne corner gravel trap. Garc\u00eda’s No. 63 Corvette took second place in LMGTE Pro with successive passes on Tincknell’s No. 67 Ford and Per Guidi’s No. 51 Ferrari on the outside at Indianapolis corner.[66]Conway’s No. 7 Toyota retook the race lead from Buemi’s No. 8 after pit stops. James Calado moved the No. 51 AF Corse Ferrari past Christensen’s No. 92 Porsche for the LMGTE Pro lead during the ninth hour. Wei Lu lost control of the No. 84 JMW Ferrari at the second Mulsanne Straight chicane but continued without losing second position in LMGTE Am.[67] During hour ten, Lynn damaged the No. 97 Aston Martin’s spoiler in the Porsche Curves and a local slow zone was employed to check for damage to the barriers. Lynn returned to the pit lane and the car rejoined the race after half an hour of repairs. Not long after, S\u00f8rensen’s No. 95 Aston Martin spun across a gravel trap and sustained heavy rear-end damage in an impact against the barrier at Indianapolis turn. Safety cars were required for the fourth time and caused the lead of multiple classes to grow. Conway increased his lead over Buemi to more than a minute and Van Uitert’s G-Drive car was 1 minute, 21 seconds ahead of Thiriet’s Signatech entry.[68] The safety cars separated the LMGTE Pro field, leaving the No. 51 Ferrari and the No. 92 Porsche one minute ahead of the No. 93 Porsche, which passed the No. 63 Corvette for third in class.[69]Orudzhev’s third-placed SMP BR1 lost control on the exit to the Porsche Curves and crashed rearward into an outside tyre barrier at high speed. He was unhurt; the accident necessitated the car’s retirement and a fifth safety car period.[70] During the slow period, Conway relinquished the lead to his teammate Buemi because he made a pit stop and was required to stop at the exit of the pit lane until the nearest safety car passed by. After the safety cars were withdrawn, Berthon’s No. 3 Rebellion vehicle took third overall, while the lead of LMGTE Pro switched from Serra’s No. 51 AF Corse Ferrari to Vanthoor’s No. 92 Porsche. As the race approached its halfway point, Kobayashi relieved Conway in the No. 7 Toyota and a faster pit stop than Buemi returned him to the overall lead.[71] Henning Enqvist went wide at Indianapolis corner and crashed the No. 49 ARC Bratislava Ligier car against a tyre barrier. The car was extricated from a gravel trap by a crane before he crashed for a second time, against an outside barrier entering the Porsche Curves.[72][73] The damage to the car’s front-right bodywork forced its retirement and the sixth deployment of the safety cars until the close of the 12th hour.[72][74]When racing resumed, the two Toyota cars were less than two seconds from each other and Estre’s lead over Serra in LMGTE Pro fell to 2.2 seconds.[73] The No. 92 Porsche subsequently entered the garage for repairs to a defective exhaust system and a change of brakes. Repairs took 20 minutes to complete and Estre resumed in ninth position in LMGTE Pro.[75] Serra’s No. 51 Ferrari retook the lead of LMGTE Pro 90 seconds ahead of the No. 93 and No. 91 Porsches of Tandy and Bruni.[74] The No. 4 ByKolles CLM P1\/01 car of Tom Dillmann stopped after Arnage corner with a broken gear selection mechanism that necessitated its retirement,[74][76] requiring a slow zone extending to the exit of the Porsche Curves as the car was extricated by recovery vehicles to behind a trackside wall.[74] Kobayashi increased the No. 7 Toyota’s lead over Alonso to more than a minute due to minor underbody damage to the No. 8 car. The two lead Porsche cars in LMGTE Pro drew to near half a minute behind Pier Guidi’s Ferrari.[74]Morning to early afternoon[edit]In the early morning, some LMGTE cars took the opportunity to change brake discs to ensure that they completed the race.[77] Michael Wainwright crashed the No. 86 Gulf Porsche against a wall at Indianapolis corner and Sergio Pianezzola’s No. 60 Kessel Racing Ferrari got beached in a gravel trap in the Porsche Curves at the same time. Both incidents promoted the activation of a full course yellow flag procedure.[78] Recovery by track marshals allowed both cars to return to the race. Kobayashi and later L\u00f3pez extended the lead over their teammates Alonso and then Buemi to 1 minute and 20 seconds. Calado’s LMGTE Pro leading No. 51 car made a scheduled pit stop and ceded the class lead to Lietz’s No. 91 Porsche as Serra relieved him.[77] Not long after, Maldonado lost control of DragonSpeed’s No. 31 car leaving Tetre Rouge corner and hit a barrier frontward. Maldonado was unhurt but the damage to the car necessitated its retirement. The safety cars were deployed for more than half an hour. Serra was able to retake the lead of LMGTE Pro with a one-minute lead because the three cars ahead of him made pit stops and were required to stop at the exit of the pit lane.[79]  After the safety cars were withdrawn, Ben Keating’s Ford ran into a gravel trap at the first Mulsanne Straight chicane, from which he escaped without damage to the car and retained the lead of LMGTE Am. Menezes’ No. 3 Rebellion car incurred a three-minute stop-and-go penalty for a procedural error on the team’s usage of tyre compounds, promoting Vandoorne’s No. 11 SMP car to third overall. Just after Menezes rejoined the race, he spun into a gravel trap in the Porsche Curves and returned to the garage after vehicular assistance. 17 hours and 25 minutes in, Tung’s No. 38 Jackie Chan car slowed with a puncture and returned to the pit lane to retain third position in LMP2 from Fran\u00e7ois Perrodo’s No. 28 TDS car.[79] The G-Drive team continued to lead in LMP2 until Rusinov relinquished the position it had held for 171 consecutive laps to the Signatech car,[80] when he could not start the car due to a starter motor problem that required the removal of the rear bodywork covering its engine. The team lost 20 minutes in the garage and four laps to fall to seventh in class.[81]Two lengthy pit stops to rectify braking issues on Berthon’s No. 3 Rebellion car dropped him to sixth and elevated the LMP2 leading Signatech car of Lapierre to fifth overall. In LMGTE Pro, diverging strategies for AF Corse’s No. 51 Ferrari and the No. 63 Corvette created a difference of around five laps between both cars and changed the category lead several times.[82] De Vries’ Racing Team Nederland Dallara car had a straightline crash against a barrier on the entry to Indianapolis corner due to a possible broken right-front suspension arm. It damaged the car’s front bodywork and de Vries required repairs in the garage.[83][84] The safety cars were deployed for the eighth time as track marshals took 25 minutes to clear debris.[84] In LMGTE Pro, the safety cars had again separated the field, leaving Calado’s No. 51 Ferrari three minutes ahead of Jan Magnussen’s No. 63 Corvette after the latter made a pit stop and had to stop at the exit to the pit lane. After the safety cars were recalled, Magnussen spun and damaged the left-front corner of his car in the Porsche Curves. Repairs in the garage lasted six minutes and he returned to the circuit eighth in LMGTE Pro. The crash elevated the No. 91 and No. 93 Porsche cars of Lietz and Tandy to second and third in class and provided Calado with a 11\u20442 minute lead.[85]Finish[edit]  The No. 7 Toyota TS050 Hybrid was forced to give up the race victory due to an incorrect wired antenna on its tyre pressure sensor systemAlmost 23 hours into the event,[86] the race leading No. 7 Toyota of L\u00f3pez slowed on course due to a wiring fault with the antenna on the car’s tyre pressure sensor system, which indicated to the team that it had a front-right puncture.[87] As it occurred late on the track, he was able to make a pit stop; Toyota switched only one tyre to lessen the time lost in the pit lane.[88] Lopez rejoined the track ahead of Nakajima’s No. 8 car. However, the sensors on his car continued to notify Toyota that its front-right tyre was punctured, prompting the team to ask an tyre engineer from Michelin, to check its pressure; no issues were discovered.[87] L\u00f3pez yielded the lead that the No. 7 car had held for 191 consecutive laps to Nakajima.[80] Toyota had discussed and decided against invoking team orders to switch the positions of both vehicles.[88] L\u00f3pez entered the pit lane for a second time to replace all four tyres. It transpired that the left-rear tyre was the punctured wheel.[87]Nakajima achieved victory for the No. 8 Toyota, completing 385 laps, 16.972 seconds ahead of the No. 7 car.[2] SMP, unable to equal Toyota’s pace, were six laps behind in third position with its No. 11 car. The Rebellion team were fourth and fifth with the No. 1 and No. 3 entries. It was Alonso, Buemi, Nakajima and Toyota’s second successive Le Mans win.[89] The trio won the LMP Drivers’ Championship; it was Buemi’s second endurance championship since 2014, Alonso’s third motor racing world championship and Nakajima became the first Japanese driver to win an FIA-sanctioned world title.[2][89] Signatech’s Lapierre, Negr\u00e3o and Thiriet was unchallenged for the rest of the race to win in LMP2, earning the team and drivers the LMP2 Championships and Lapierre his fourth class win. The No. 38 Jackie Chan car finished 2 minutes, 22 seconds later in second position and the TDS team were third.[90]On the 70th anniversary of Ferrari’s first overall Le Mans victory, AF Corse won in LMGTE Pro, giving Calado and Guidi their first class victories and Serra’s second. The car finished 49 seconds ahead of Porsche’s No. 91 entry and its No. 93 car took third in class. Porsche’s Christensen and Estre finished tenth in class to win the GTE World Drivers’ Championship.[91] The Keating Ford of Bleekemoen, Felipe Fraga and Ben Keating led for 273 consecutive laps in LMGTE Am to finish first in the category.[80] Project 1’s Bergmeister, Patrick Lindsey and Egidio Perfetti followed 44 seconds later to finish second in class and win the Endurance Trophy for LMGTE Am Drivers and Teams. JMW’s Ferrari completed the class podium in third.[92] There were eleven outright lead changes amongst two cars during the race. The No. 7 Toyota’s 339 laps led was the most of any car. The No. 8 Toyota led six times for a total of 46 laps.[80]Post-race[edit]The top three teams in each of the four classes appeared on the podium to collect their trophies and spoke to the media in a later press conference.[23] Alonso and Buemi agreed that the No. 7 crew deserved to win the race.[2][93] Buemi added, “I was really happy to finish second but what happened to them is really hard. When [the mechanical issues] happened to me and Kazuki in ’16, it was really hard too. I am really sorry for them. It’s motorsport.”[93] Alonso likened the No. 7 car’s issue to its lost win on the final lap in 2016 and him finishing second in the Formula One World Championship three times, “When you arrive at the last moment and you are unable to finish the job, you feel bad and I feel sad. I feel for my teammates because they are not only teammates but friends as well. They deserve it today.”[94] L\u00f3pez said that he was emotional driving to the pit lane to replace the Toyota’s supposed puncture and that it was painful.[95]  The No. 85 Keating Motorsports Ford GT was disqualified from the race results and lost its LMGTE Am class victory due to an oversized fuel tank.One day after the event, the FIA imposed a penalty of 55.2 seconds on the LMGTE Am winning No. 85 Keating Ford for transgressing a regulation that dictated the minimum refuelling time at a pit stop be no less than 45 seconds. ACO scrutineers discovered that the car’s refuelling pit stops were completed in 44.4 seconds, with a discrepancy of six-tenths of a second multiplied by its 23 pit stops, and further multiplied by four to give a number of 55.2 seconds. The car was later disqualified because its fuel tank was discovered to be 0.1\u00a0l (0.022\u00a0imp\u00a0gal; 0.026\u00a0US\u00a0gal) larger than the LMGTE Am maximum mandated capacity of 96\u00a0l (21\u00a0imp\u00a0gal; 25\u00a0US\u00a0gal).[96] Keating Motorsports did not appeal the disqualification. The No. 59 Project 1 Porsche was promoted to the class victory, the No. 84 JMW Ferrari to second and the No. 62 WeatherTech Ferrari to third.[97] Keating stated that a rubber bladder inside a fuel cell expanded by 0.4\u00a0l (0.088\u00a0imp\u00a0gal; 0.11\u00a0US\u00a0gal) during the race and the team’s refuelling rig was made more efficient by six-tenths of a second.[98]The stewards deemed F\u00e4ssler responsible for the accident between the No. 64 Corvette and the No. 88 Dempsey-Proton Porsche in the Porsche Curves and issued a fine of \u20ac7,000 and six penalty points were added to his race licence.[99] His co-driver, Oliver Gavin, said that Hoshino put F\u00e4ssler in a position to hit the barrier by unexpectedly changing his direction after allowing faster cars to pass him and called for such manoeuvres to be reviewed.[99] Vergne said he felt disappointed due to his car’s unreliability and noted that made the race interesting.[100] Estre stated his belief that the No. 92 Porsche team could have challenged for the victory in LMGTE Pro had car issues not intervened.[101]The role of the safety cars affecting LMGTE Pro received a mixed response.[102]Andy Priaulx of the Ford team stated that the safety cars should have been used to close up the field, “If you’ve just pitted, which we needed to pit, it just messes it up so much. It just neutralizes the race and then you end up with this huge separation. For the second year in a row, it’s kind of taken away the spectacle at the end.”[102] Lietz stated his belief that all of the safety car periods were correctly deployed for safety reasons.[102] The Corvette Racing team manager, Ben Johnson, said he was unsure why some safety car periods were deployed in lieu of full course yellow flags to slow the race and called for clarity on when to use the procedure.[102]Alonso, Buemi and Nakajima took the LMP Drivers’ Championship with 198 points. They were 41 points ahead of their teammates Conway, Kobayashi and L\u00f3pez in second position. Laurent and Menezes followed in third place with 114 points, ahead of Aleshin and Petrov in fourth with 94 points and Neel Jani and Lotterer in fifth with 91 points.[4] With 155 points, Estre and Christensen won the GTE Drivers’ Championship, 181\u20442 ahead of Calado and Pier Guidi in second. Bruni and Lietz followed in third position with 131 points and Tincknell and Priaulx were fourth with 90 points.[4]Race classification[edit]The minimum number of laps for classification (70 per cent of the overall winning car’s race distance) was 270 laps. Class winners are in bold.^ The No. 1 Rebellion had all Q1 lap times deleted due to the car running the incorrect fuel flow meter.[38]^ The No. 39 Graff Oreca had all Q3 lap times deleted due to the car failing to stop at the scrutineering stand at pit lane entry for weight check.[42]^ a b The No. 68 Chip Ganassi Team USA and No. 85 Keating Motorsports Fords were disqualified for exceeding the permitted fuel capacity.[96]Championship standings after the race[edit]Note: Only the top five positions are included for Drivers’ Championship standings.Note: Only the top five positions are included for the Drivers’ Championship standings.See also[edit]References[edit]^ “Dates for the 2018 24 Hours of Le Mans announced: 16\/17 June”. FIA World Endurance Championship. 20 June 2017. Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2019.^ a b c d Baldwin, Alan (16 June 2019).  Ganguly, Sudipto; Chadband, Ian (eds.). “Motor racing \u2013 Alonso takes second Le Mans win and title with Toyota”. Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 August 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2019.^ Walker, Kate (15 June 2019). “Le Mans Is the Season’s Premier Event. So It’s Being Held Twice”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 August 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2019.^ a b c d e f g h “Standings”. F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de l’Automobile. Archived from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.^ a b c Goodwin, Graham (15 June 2019). “So Just Who Is in a WEC Title Hunt Going into Le Mans?”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 19 August 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2019.^ a b Lloyd, Daniel (11 February 2019). “ACO Tweaks Le Mans Safety Car Procedure”. SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.^ de Menzes, Jack (15 June 2019). “Le Mans 2019: Schedule, full entry list, driver line-up and how to watch on TV and online for 24-hour race”. The Independent. Archived from the original on 14 June 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ Mercier, Laurent (25 December 2018). “Comment d\u00e9poser un dossier d’engagement aux 24 Heures du Mans\u00a0?” (in French). Endurance-Info. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ a b Goodwin, Graham (2 November 2018). “The 2019 Le Mans 24 Hours: Who’s Already On The List?”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ a b Lloyd, Daniel (25 February 2019). “Four Asian LMS Teams Gain Le Mans Auto Invites”. SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ a b Kilbey, Stephen (11 February 2019). “First 42 Le Mans entries confirmed”. Racer. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ a b “WeatherTech Racing Takes Over Goikhberg’s Auto Invite”. Sportscar365. 21 December 2018. Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2018.^ Watkins, Gary (29 November 2018). “Le Mans 24 Hours 2019 entry list to be revealed in two stages”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ “List of the competitors, drivers and cars eligible to take part in the official practice sessions: 10.06.2019” (PDF). Automobile Club de l’Ouest. 10 June 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ Kilbey, Stephen (1 March 2019). “2019 Le Mans 24 Hours Entry Complete After Final 14 Cars Announced”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ a b Kilbey, Stephen (21 March 2019). “Revised Le Mans Entry List Published, #55 Spirit Of Race Withdrawn”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ Lloyd, Daniel (8 March 2019). “Shank “Befuddled” at MSR Missing Out on LM24 Selection”. SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ “24 Hours of Le Mans Grid Expands to 62”. Speed Sport. 16 April 2019. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ Goodwin, Graham; Kilbey, Stephen (16 April 2019). “2019 Le Mans 24 Hours Set To Expand To 62-Car Entry (Updated)”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ “2019 24 Hours of Le Mans \u2013 EoT & BoP”. Automobile Club de l’Ouest. 29 May 2019. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ Watkins, Gary (21 May 2019). “Toyota performance pegged back for WEC Le Mans 24 hours”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ Lloyd, Daniel (28 May 2019). “Three Manufacturers Receive Extra Weight in Test Day BoP”. SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ a b c “2019 24 Hours of Le Mans Supplementary Regulations” (PDF). Automobile Club de l’Ouest. 6 June 2019. pp.\u00a011, 28, 61 & 138\u2013140. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ a b c Goodwin, Graham (2 June 2019). “Buemi Tops Session 1 At The Le Mans Test”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ Lloyd, Daniel (2 June 2019). “Buemi Quickest in Test Day Morning Session”. SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 10 June 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ Watkins, Gary (2 June 2019). “Buemi improves twice to lead Toyota 1\u20132 in first Le Mans test day”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 10 June 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ Goodwin, Graham (5 June 2019). “First Le Mans LMP1 EoT & GTE BoP Values Published”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.^ Dagys, John; Lloyd, Daniel; Kilshaw, Jake (10 June 2019). “Le Mans Monday Notebook”. SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ a b c Cozens, Jack; Newbold, James; Klein, Jamie (12 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Toyota grabs practice top spot from SMP”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.^ a b c Oakley, Phil; Kish, Ryan (12 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours, Free Practice: Toyota leads SMP & Rebellion”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.^ Dagys, John (13 June 2019). “Krohn Not Cleared to Race; No. 99 Proton Porsche Withdrawn”. SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.^ a b c d e Errington, Tom; Newbold, James; Klein, Jamie (12 June 2019). “#7 Toyota on provisional Le Mans pole despite bizarre collision”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.^ Cobb, Haydn (12 June 2019). “Lead Toyota survives heavy hit in first Le Mans 24 Hours qualifying”. Crash. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.^ a b Oakley, Phil; Kish, Ryan (12 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours, Qualifying 1: #7 Toyota On Provisional Pole”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.^ Cleeren, Filip (13 June 2019). “Toyota changed #7 car’s monocoque after Le Mans qualifying crash”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.^ Kilshaw, Jake (13 June 2019). “LMP1 Times Fall in Qualifying 2; Toyota 1\u20132”. SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.^ a b c Cozens, Jack; Newbold, James; Klein, Jamie (13 June 2019). “Toyota holds Le Mans 24 Hours front row after second qualifying”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.^ a b c d Oakley, Phil; Kish, Ryan (13 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours, Qualifying 2: Faster Times, Toyota Still On Pole”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.^ a b c Errington, Tom; Newbold, James; Klein, Jamie (13 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Kobayashi seals pole in all Toyota front row”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 14 June 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.^ a b Lloyd, Daniel (13 June 2019). “Toyota Scores Repeat Le Mans Pole; Aston Martin Tops GTE-Pro”. SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.^ a b c Oakley, Phil; Kish, Ryan (13 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours, Qualifying 3: Kobayashi Takes Pole In #7 Toyota”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.^ a b Cleeren, Filip (14 June 2019). “Graff loses Le Mans 24 Hours LMP2 class pole to TDS”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.^ Klein, Jamie (14 June 2019). “Aston Martin, Corvette penalised in revised GTE BoP”. motorsport.com. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.^ “FIA WEC \u2013 87\u00ba Edition des 24 Heures du Mans \u2013 Qualifying Practice \u2013 Final Qualification” (PDF). Automobile Club de l’Ouest. 14 June 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.^ Errington, Tom; Newbold, James; Cozens, Jack (15 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours warm-up: Kobayashi’s Toyota fastest by a second”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.^ Kilshaw, Jake (15 June 2019). “Kobayashi Fastest in Incident-Free Warmup”. SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.^ “FIA WEC \u2013 87\u00ba Edition des 24 Heures du Mans \u2013 Race \u2013 Weather Report” (PDF). Automobile Club de l’Ouest. 16 June 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.^ Goodwin, Graham (19 June 2019). “24 Facts From The 2019 Le Mans 24 Hours”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 25 August 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ Bonhomme, Kiel (11 May 2019). “Princess Charlene will set in motion the 24 Heures Le Mans!”. Monaco Tribune. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.^ a b Kilbey, Stephen (15 June 2019). “LM24 Hour 1: Fast, clean start for Toyota”. Racer. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.^ a b Weller, Adam; Oakley, Phil; Tickell, Sam (15 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Hour 1, As It Happened, Big Battles In GTE Pro”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.^ Errington, Tom; Newbold, James; Klein, Jamie (15 June 2019). “Le Mans: Conway Toyota edges further clear in first place”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.^ Weller, Adam; Oakley, Phil; Tickell, Sam (15 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Hour 3, As It Happened, Kobayashi Leads From Alonso”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 23 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.^ Cozens, Jack; Newbold, James; Klein, Jamie (15 June 2019). “Le Mans: Kobayashi leads Alonso by over a minute after three hours”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 23 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.^ Weller, Adam; Oakley, Phil; Tickell, Sam (15 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Hour 4, As It Happened, Fight At The Front In LMP2”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 23 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.^ Kilshaw, Jake (15 June 2019). “Toyota Still 1\u20132 After Four Hours; Corvette Leads GTE-Pro”. SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.^ a b Errington, Tom; Newbold, James; Klein, Jamie (15 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Toyota holds lead, privateers fight for third”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 23 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.^ Weller, Adam; Oakley, Phil; Tickell, Sam (15 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Hour 5, As It Happened, Dempsey versus Keating in GTE Am”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 23 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.^ a b Errington, Tom; Newbold, James; Klein, Jamie (15 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Safety cars help Alonso’s Toyota cut gap to first”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 23 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.^ Weller, Adam; Oakley, Phil; Tickell, Sam (15 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Hour 6, As It Happened, Big Crash For #64 Corvette”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 23 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ Smith, Luke (15 June 2019). “Jose Maria Lopez leads Nakajima as rain, Safety Cars hit Le Mans”. Crash. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ a b “Fassler Corvette Crashes Out in Hour 6”. SportsCar365. 15 June 2019. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ “Marcel F\u00e4ssler va bien apr\u00e8s son accident”. Auto Hebdo (in French). 15 June 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ Cozens, Jack; Newbold, James; Klein, Jamie (15 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Lopez leads after Toyotas battle, Laurent crashes”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ Kilbey, Stephen (15 June 2019). “LM24 Hour 7: Rebellion’s remarkable recovery”. Racer. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ Weller, Adam; Oakley, Phil; Tickell, Sam (15 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Hour 8, As It Happened, Four-Brand GTE Pro Scrap Continues”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ Kilbey, Stephen (15 June 2019). “LM24 Hour 9: GTE battles grab the spotlight”. Racer. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ Cozens, Jack; Newbold, James (15 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: #7 Toyota edges clear in lead battle after safety car”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ Weller, Adam; Tickell, Sam (16 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Hours 9\u201310, As It Happened, Winners & Losers Under Safety Car”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ Lloyd, Daniel (15 June 2019). “Third-Placed SMP Car Crashes; Safety Car Dictates GTE-Pro”. SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ Weller, Adan; Tickell, Sam (16 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Hours 11\u201312, As It Happened, #17 SMP Crashes Out”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ a b Slinger, Paul (15 June 2019). “LM24 Hour 12: Order settling at the halfway point”. Racer. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ a b Cozens, Jack; Newbold, James (16 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Porsche GTE gap erased, #7 Toyota leads overall”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ a b c d e Oakley, Phil; Tickell, Sam (16 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Hours 13\u201314, As It Happened, GTE Still Finely Poised”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ Lloyd, Daniel (15 June 2019). “GTE-Pro Leading Porsche Hit with Exhaust Issue”. SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ Klein, Jamie; Cleeren, Filip (19 June 2019). “ByKolles was “not ready” for Le Mans, says Dillmann”. motorsport.com. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ a b Oakley, Phil; Errity, Stephen (16 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Hours 15\u201316, As It Happened, Advantage Ferrari In GTE Pro”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ Kilbey, Stephen (15 June 2019). “LM24 Hour 16: No.7 Toyota edging away in front”. Racer. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ a b Oakley, Phil; Errity, Stephen (16 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Hours 17\u201318, As It Happened, G-Drive Rules LMP2”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ a b c d “FIA WEC \u2013 87\u00ba Edition des 24 Heures du Mans \u2013 Race \u2013 Leader Sequence” (PDF). Automobile Club de l’Ouest. 16 June 2019. pp.\u00a01\u20132. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ Watkins, Gary; Errington, Tom; Klein, Jamie (16 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Long-time LMP2 leader G-Drive hits trouble”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 24 June 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.^ Weller, Adam; Oakley, Phil; Tickell, Sam (16 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Hours 19\u201320, As It Happened, DC Racing Rises To Second In LMP2”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 25 August 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ Newbold, James (16 June 2019). “Nyck De Vries felt ‘hopeless’ in Le Mans 24 Hours LMP2 accident”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 19 June 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ a b Weller, Adam; Oakley, Phil; Tickell, Sam (16 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: Hours 21\u201322, As It Happened, Another Safety-Car Shakeup Hits GTE Pro”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ Cozens, Jack; Newbold, James; Errington, Tom (16 June 2019). “Le Mans 24 Hours: De Vries crash safety car shakes up GTE fight”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ Smith, Luke (16 June 2019). “How the cruelty of Le Mans struck Toyota again”. Crash. Archived from the original on 25 August 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ a b c Watkins, Gary (20 June 2019). “Toyota diagnoses issue that cost #7 car Le Mans 24 Hours victory”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 25 June 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ a b de Menzes, Jack (16 June 2019). “Le Mans 2019 results: Toyota reveal what happened to cost the No 7 victory and hand win to No 8 car”. The Independent. Archived from the original on 25 August 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ a b Dagys, John (16 June 2019). “Toyota Wins 24H Le Mans; Alonso Crowned World Champion”. SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 19 June 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2019.^ Kilshaw, Jake (16 June 2019). “Signatech Alpine Clinches LMP2 Title With Class Victory”. SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ Miller, Fiona (16 June 2019). “Ferrari and Porsche celebrate GTE success in Le Mans”. FIA World Endurance Championship. Archived from the original on 25 August 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ Kilbey, Stephen (16 June 2019). “LM24: AF Corse Ferrari, Keating Ford claim GTE wins”. Racer. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ a b “Mixed feelings for Toyota’s winners and losers”. Racer. 16 June 2019. Archived from the original on 25 August 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ Kilshaw, Jake (16 June 2019). “Alonso: Winning Toyota “Didn’t Deserve” to Beat No. 7″. SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 25 August 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ Cozens, Jack; Klein, Jamie (16 June 2019). “Lopez “cried back to pits” after puncture drama cost Le Mans win”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ a b Dagys, John (17 June 2019). “Keating Ford Stripped of Le Mans GTE-Am Win”. SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ de Menzes, Jack (18 June 2019). “Le Mans 2019: GTE Am-winning Keating Motorsports Ford GT stripped of 24 Hours race victory”. The Independent. Archived from the original on 25 August 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ Kilbey, Stephen (19 June 2019). “Keating & Ford React To #85’s Post-Le Mans Disqualfication”. DailySportsCar. Archived from the original on 25 August 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ a b Klein, Jamie (17 June 2019). “Gavin “battling to understand” how Fassler to blame for crash”. motorsport.com. Archived from the original on 20 June 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ Newbold, James (18 June 2019). “Failure of “10 cents” part cost G-Drive Le Mans 24 Hours LMP2 win”. Autosport. Archived from the original on 25 August 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ Dagys, John (17 June 2019). “Exhaust Issue Dashes Hopes of Victory for GTE Champ Estre”. SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ a b c d Lloyd, Daniel (18 June 2019). “Safety Car Impact ‘Took Away the Spectacle’ of GTE-Pro Fight”. SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 22 June 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ “FIA WEC \u2013 87\u00ba Edition des 24 Heures du Mans \u2013 Race \u2013 Final Classification” (PDF). Automobile Club de l’Ouest. 12 July 2019. pp.\u00a01\u20132. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 August 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.^ “2019 24 Hours of Le Mans”. Racing-Reference. Archived from the original on 19 June 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.External links[edit]"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/2019-24-hours-of-le-mans\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"2019 24 Hours of Le Mans"}}]}]