[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/timeline-of-the-ming-treasure-voyages\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/timeline-of-the-ming-treasure-voyages\/","headline":"Timeline of the Ming treasure voyages","name":"Timeline of the Ming treasure voyages","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Voyages of Zheng He (1405 – 1433). This is a timeline of the Ming dynasty","datePublished":"2021-09-28","dateModified":"2021-09-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/29\/Voyages_of_Zheng_He.png\/350px-Voyages_of_Zheng_He.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/29\/Voyages_of_Zheng_He.png\/350px-Voyages_of_Zheng_He.png","height":"246","width":"350"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/timeline-of-the-ming-treasure-voyages\/","wordCount":3034,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia  Voyages of Zheng He (1405 – 1433).This is a timeline of the Ming dynasty treasure voyages from 1405 to 1433.YearDateEvent140217 JulyZhu Di becomes the Yongle Emperor and promotes Ma He to the Grand Director (Taijian) of the Directorate of Palace Servants14034 SeptemberOrders are issued for the construction of 200 “seagoing transport ships”140411 FebruaryYongle Emperor confers the surname Zheng on Ma He1 MarchOrders are issued for the construction of 50 “seagoing ships”140511 JulyZheng He and 27,800 men depart from Nanjing on 255 ships, of which 62 are treasure ships, “bearing imperial letters to the countries of the Western Ocean and with gifts to their kings of gold brocade, patterned silks, and colored silk gauze, according to their status.” The fleet proceeds to Liujiagang where it is separated into squadrons and the crews pray to Mazu, goddess of sailors.AugustTreasure fleet reaches the mouth of the Min River and assembles at Taiping Anchorage in Changle DistrictDecemberTreasure fleet departs for Champa and after 15 days arrives at Qui Nh\u01a1n, where “most of the men take up fishing for a livelihood”1406Treasure fleet visits Malacca and Java before heading up the Straits of Malacca to Aru, Samudera Pasai Sultanate, and Lambri, where the people are described as “very honest and genuine,” and from there 3 days to the Andaman Islands, and then 8 more days to the west coast of Ceylon where the king reacts with hostility. The fleet departs for Calicut, which is described as “the Great country of the Western Ocean”1407Treasure fleet makes the return voyage and stops at Malacca to pick up Parameswara and envoysTreasure fleet defeats Chen Zuyi’s pirate fleet at Palembang and installs Shi Jinqing as “grand chieftain ruling over the native people of that place”2 OctoberTreasure fleet arrives at Nanjing5 OctoberWang Hao is ordered to refit 249 “sea transport ships” in “preparation for embassies to the countries of the Western Ocean”23 OctoberYongle Emperor issues orders for the second voyage and to confer formal investiture on the king of CalicutYongle Emperor summons Javanese envoys to demand restitution for killing 710 Chinese and settles for 10,000 ounces of gold29 OctoberYongle Emperor bestows merit upon the officers and men of the treasure fleet30 OctoberA eunuch Grand Director departs with an imperial letter for the king of ChampaZheng He departs with a fleet of 249 ships and takes a route similar to the first voyage with the addition of stops at Jiayile, Abobadan, Ganbali, Quilon, and Cochin140814 FebruaryOrders for the construction of 48 treasure ships are issued from the Ministry of Works in Nanjing1409JanuaryOrders are issued for the third voyage15 FebruaryThe Galle Trilingual Inscription is producedTreasure fleet makes the return voyage and stops at the Similan Islands to cut logs for incensesummerTreasure fleet returns to ChinaOctoberZheng He departs with 27,000 men, taking the usual routeYearDateEvent1410Ming\u2013Kotte War: Treasure fleet lands at Galle in Ceylon and captures King Vijayabahu VI of the Kingdom of Gampola14116 JulyTreasure fleet returns to Nanjing141218 DecemberYongle Emperor issues orders for the fourth voyage1413autumnZheng He departs from Nanjing and takes the usual route with the addition of 4 new destinations: the Maldives, Bitra, Chetlat Island, and Hormuz, which is given the following description: “Foreign ships from every place, together with foreign merchants traveling by land, all come to this territory in order to gather together and buy and sell, and therefore the people of this country are all rich”1415Treasure fleet captures Sekandar, a rebel against Zain al-‘Abidin, king of the Samudera Pasai Sultanate12 AugustTreasure fleet arrives back in Nanjing13 AugustZheng He’s colleague is sent on a mission bearing gifts to Bengal141619 NovemberYongle Emperor bestows gifts upon ambassadors from 18 countries19 DecemberYongle Emperor issues orders for the fifth voyage1417autumnZheng He departs China taking the previous route to Hormuz, and then Aden, Mogadishu, Barawa, Zhubu, and Malindi14198 AugustTreasure fleet returns to China20 SeptemberAmbassadors present exotic animals to the Ming court including a giraffe imported from Somalia by Bengalis2 OctoberOrders are issued for the construction of 41 treasure shipsYearDateEvent14213 MarchOrders are issued for the sixth voyage and envoys from 16 countries including Hormuz are given gifts of paper and coin money, and ceremonial robes and linings14 MayYongle Emperor orders the suspension of the treasure voyages10 NovemberOrders are issued to Zheng He to provide Hong Bao and envoys from 16 countries passage back to their countries; the treasure fleet takes its usual route to Ceylon where it splits up and heads for the Maldives, Hormuz, and the Arabian states of Djofar, Lasa, and Aden, and the two African states of Mogadishu and Barawa; Zheng He visits Ganbali1422Treasure fleet regroups at Samudera Pasai Sultanate and visit Siam before heading back to China3 SeptemberTreasure fleet returns to China bringing envoys from Siam, Samudera Pasai Sultanate, and Aden142427 FebruaryZheng He is sent on a diplomatic mission to Palembang to confer “a gauze cap, a ceremonial robe with floral gold woven into gold patterns in the silk, and a silver seal” on Shi Jinqing’s son Shi Jisun12 AugustYongle Emperor dies7 SeptemberZhu Gaozhi becomes Hongxi Emperor and terminates the treasure voyages142529 MayHongxi Emperor dies27 JuneZhu Zhanji becomes Xuande Emperor142825 MarchXuande Emperor orders Zheng He to supervise the reconstruction of the Great Baoen TempleYearDateEvent143025 MayArrangements are made for the provisions of another voyage29 JuneXuande Emperor issues orders for the seventh voyage143119 JanuaryTreasure fleet departs from Nanjing23 JanuaryThe fleet stops at an island on the Yangtze to hunt animals3 FebruaryTreasure fleet arrives at Liujiagang14 MarchLiujiagang Inscription is erected8 AprilTreasure fleet arrives at ChangleDecemberThe Changle Inscription is erected and the fleet departs from Changle16 DecemberTreasure fleet arrives near Fuzhou143227 JanuaryTreasure fleet arrives at Vijaya12 FebruaryTreasure fleet departs from Vijaya7 MarchTreasure fleet arrives at Surabaya13 JulyTreasure fleet departs from Surabaya24 JulyTreasure fleet arrives at Palembang27 JulyTreasure fleet departs from Palembang3 AugustTreasure fleet arrives at Malacca2 SeptemberTreasure fleet departs from Malacca12 SeptemberTreasure fleet arrives at Samudera Pasai Sultanate and Hong Bao and Ma Huan detach from the fleet to visit Bengal2 NovemberTreasure fleet departs from Samudera Pasai Sultanate14 NovemberTreasure fleet anchors at Great Nicobar Island for three days; the natives there trade coconuts in log boats28 NovemberTreasure fleet arrives at Beruwala2 DecemberTreasure fleet departs from Beruwala10 DecemberTreasure fleet arrives at Calicut14 DecemberTreasure fleet departs from Calicut1433Zheng He diesHong Bao and Ma Huan arrive in Calicut and send seven men to Mecca while Hong Bao visits Djofar, Lasa, Aden, Mogadishu, and Barawa before heading back to China17 JanuaryTreasure fleet arrives at Hormuz9 MarchTreasure fleet departs from Hormuz and heads back to China31 MarchTreasure fleet arrives at Calicut9 AprilTreasure fleet departs from Calicut25 AprilTreasure fleet arrives at Samudera Pasai Sultanate1 MayTreasure fleet departs from Samudera Pasai Sultanate9 MayTreasure fleet arrives at Malacca13 JuneTreasure fleet arrives at Vijaya17 JuneTreasure fleet departs from Vijaya7 JulyTreasure fleet arrives in China14 SeptemberEnvoys from Samudera Pasai Sultanate, Calicut, Cochin, Ceylon, Djofar, Aden, Coimbatore, Hormuz, Kayal, and Mecca present tributeMa Huan publishes his Yingya Shenglan1434Gong Zhen publishes his Xiyang Fanguo Zhi1436Ming dynasty bans building seagoing shipsFei Xin publishes his Xingcha ShenglanYearDateEvent1464Documents of the treasure voyages are removed from the archives of the Ministry of War and destroyed by Liu Daxia on the basis that they were “deceitful exaggerations of bizarre things far removed from the testimony of people’s ears and eyes,” and that “the expeditions of Sanbao to the Western Ocean wasted tens of myriads of money and grain, and moreover the people who met their deaths [on these expeditions] may be counted in the myriads. Although he returned with wonderful precious things, what benefit was it to the state? This was merely an action of bad government of which ministers should severely disapprove. Even if the old archives were still preserved they should be destroyed in order to suppress [a repetition of these things] at the root.”References[edit]Bibliography[edit]Church, Sally K. (2005), Zheng He: An Investigation into the Plausibility of 450-ft Treasure Ships, Monumenta Serica InstituteDreyer, Edward L. (2007), Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405-1433, Pearson LongmanDuyvendak, J.J.L. (1938), “The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century”, T’oung Pao, 34 (5): 341\u2013413, doi:10.1163\/156853238X00171Levathes, Louise (1996), When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne 1405-1433, Simon & SchusterMills, J.V.G. (1970), Ying-yai Sheng-lan: ‘The Overall Survey of the Ocean’s Shores’ [1433], Cambridge: Cambridge University PressNeedham, Joseph (1971), Science and Civilization in China Volume 4 Part 3, Cambridge At The University Press"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/timeline-of-the-ming-treasure-voyages\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Timeline of the Ming treasure voyages"}}]}]