56th Legislature of the National Congress

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The 56th Legislature of National Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the Federal Government of Brazil, composed by the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. It convened in Brasília on 1 February 2019, a month after the beginning of Jair Bolsonaro’s only term as president, and ended on 31 January 2023.

In the 2018 elections, the Workers’ Party won the majority of the Chamber with 56 deputies.[1] The Brazilian Democratic Movement kept the majority in the Senate with 12 senators.[2][a]

Major events[edit]

  • 1 February 2019: Rodrigo Maia elect president for a third term as leader of the Chamber.[3]
  • 2 February 2019: Davi Alcolumbre elect president for his first term as leader of the Senate.[4][5]
  • 4 February 2019: Joint session of the National Congress to officially inaugurate the 56th Legislature.[6]
  • 10 July 2019: The Chamber of Deputies approves PEC 6/2019 (Social Security Reform).[7]
  • 25 September 2019: Public hearing of sub-prosecutor Augusto Aras for Prosecutor General of the Republic in the Constitution and Justice Committee of the Federal Senate. His appointment was approved by the floor of the Senate on the same day.[8][9]
  • 22 October 2019: Senate floor approves PEC 6/2019 (Social Security Reform).[10]
  • 4 December 2019: Chamber floor approves a substitutive project for Minister of Justice and Public Security Sérgio Moro law project “anti-crime”.[11]
  • 3 February 2020: National Congress opens 2nd session of the 56th Legislature with a letter from President Bolsonaro read by Chief of Staff Onyx Lorenzoni.[12]
  • 18 March 2020: Chamber of Deputies approves the declaration of public calamity sent by president Jair Bolsonaro due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.[13]
  • 20 March 2020: Senate approves the declaration of public calamity in its first virtual session presided by senator Antônio Anastasia (PSDB-MG).[14]
  • 21 October 2020: Senate approves the appointment of Nunes Marques for the Supreme Federal Court.[15]
  • 1 February 2021: Election for the Director’s Board of the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate, with Deputy Arthur Lira (PP-AL) elect leader of the lower house and Senator Rodrigo Pacheco (DEM-MG) elect leader of the upper house.[16][17]
  • 3 February 2021: National Congress opens 3rd session of the 56th Legislature with a letter from President Bolsonaro.[18]
  • 13 April 2021: Senate President Rodrigo Pacheco (DEM-MG) accepts a request of Senator Randolfe Rodrigues (REDE-AP) and other senators for the creation of an Inquiry Parliamentary Committee to investigate the acts of the federal government in the COVID-19 pandemic.[19]
  • 20 August 2021: The Senate receives an impeachment request against Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes filed by President Jair Bolsonaro.[20]
  • 24 August 2021: Public hearing of Augusto Aras for a second term as Prosecutor General of the Republic in the Constitution and Justice Committee of the Federal Senate. His appointment was approved by the floor of the Senate on the same day.[21][22]
  • 25 August 2021: Senate President Rodrigo Pacheco rejects and archive the impeachment request against Justice Alexandre de Moraes.[23]
  • 26 October 2021: COVID-19 CPI in the Senate conclude its works with the approval of the report in a voting of 7-4, recommending criminal charges against 2 companies and 78 individuals, including President Jair Bolsonaro.[24][25]
  • 1 December 2021: Senate approves the appointment of André Mendonça for the Supreme Federal Court.[26]
  • 2 February 2022: National Congress opens 4th and last session of the 56th Legislature with speeches of President Bolsonaro, Chamber President Arthur Lira and Senate and Congress President Rodrigo Pacheco.[27]
  • 7 December 2022: The Senate approves PEC 32/2022 (Transition Act), to guarantee extra R$ 145 billion (US$ 27.38 billion) for the 2023 budget plan as requested by the transition team of President-elect Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.[28]
  • 8 January 2023: The Congress, the Planalto Palace and the Supreme Federal Court are stormed by former president Bolsonaro supporters. Justice Minister Flávio Dino reports at least 1,500 were arrested.[29][30][31]
  • 10 January 2023: The Congress approves the federal intervation in the Federal District.[32]

Party summary[edit]

Party Chamber of Deputies Senate
Votes % Seats +/– Votes % Elected Total +/–
Social Liberal Party 11,457,878 11.7 52 +44 19,413,869 11.3 4 4 +4
Workers’ Party 10,126,611 10.3 56 –13 24,785,670 14.5 4 6 –6
Brazilian Social Democracy Party 5,905,541 6.0 29 –25 20,310,558 11.9 4 8 –2
Social Democratic Party 5,749,008 5.8 34 –2 8,202,342 4.8 4 7 +4
Progressistas 5,480,067 5.6 37 –1 7,529,901 4.4 5 6 +1
Brazilian Democratic Movement 5,439,167 5.5 34 –32 12,800,290 7.5 7 12 –6
Brazilian Socialist Party 5,386,400 5.5 32 –2 8,234,195 4.8 2 2 –5
Liberal Party 5,224,591 5.3 33 –1 3,130,082 1.8 1 2 –2
Republicanos 4,992,016 5.1 30 +9 1,505,607 0.9 1 1 –
Democrats 4,581,162 4.7 29 +8 9,218,658 5.4 4 6 +2
Democratic Labour Party 4,545,846 4.6 28 +9 7,737,982 4.5 2 5 –3
Socialism and Liberty Party 2,783,669 2.8 10 +5 5,273,853 3.1 0 0 –1
New Party 2,748,079 2.8 8 New 3,467,746 2.0 0 0 –
Podemos 2,243,320 2.3 11 +7 5,494,125 3.2 1 5 +5
Republican Party of the Social Order 2,042,610 2.1 8 –3 1,370,513 0.8 1 1 –
Brazilian Labour Party 2,022,719 2.1 10 –15 1,899,838 1.1 2 3 –
Solidariedade 1,953,067 2.0 13 –2 4,001,903 2.3 1 1 –
Avante 1,844,048 1.9 7 +5 713,379 0.4 0 0 –
Social Christian Party 1,765,226 1.8 8 –5 4,126,068 2.4 1 1 +1
Green Party 1,592,173 1.6 4 –4 1,226,392 0.7 0 0 –1
Cidadania 1,590,084 1.6 8 –2 2,954,800 1.7 2 2 +2
Patriota 1,432,304 1.5 5 +3 60,589 0.0 0 0 –
Humanist Party of Solidarity 1,426,444 1.5 6 +1 4,228,973 2.5 2 2 +2
Communist Party of Brazil 1,329,575 1.4 9 –1 1,673,190 1.0 0 0 –1
Progressive Republican Party 851,368 0.9 4 +1 1,974,061 1.2 1 1 +1
Sustainability Network 816,784 0.8 1 New 7,166,003 4.2 5 5 New
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party 684,976 0.7 0 –1 886,267 0.5 0 0 –
Party of National Mobilization 634,129 0.6 3 – 329,973 0.2 0 0 –
Christian Labour Party 601,814 0.6 2 – 222,931 0.1 0 1 +1
Free Homeland Party 385,197 0.4 1 +1 504,209 0.3 0 0 –
Christian Democracy 369,386 0.4 1 –1 154,068 0.1 0 0 –
Party of Brazilian Women 228,302 0.2 0 – 51,027 0.0 0 0 –
Brazilian Communist Party 61,343 0.1 0 – 256,655 0.1 0 0 –
United Socialist Workers Party 41,304 0.0 0 – 413,914 0.2 0 0 –
Workers Cause Party 2,785 0.0 0 – 38,691 0.0 0 0 –
Invalid/blank votes 18,771,737 – – – 61,995,824 – – – –
Total 117,111,476 100.0 513 0 117,111,478 100.0 54 81 0
Registered voters/turnout 146,750,529 79.8 – – 146,750,529 79.8 – – –
Source: Election Resources

Leadership[edit]

Federal Senate[edit]

Government Bloc Leadership[edit]

Opposition Bloc Leadership[edit]

Chamber of Deputies[edit]

Government Bloc Leadership[edit]

Opposition Bloc Leadership[edit]

Members[edit]

Federal Senate[edit]

Chamber of Deputies[edit]

Changes in membership[edit]

Chamber of Deputies[edit]

Federal Senate[edit]

Defections and suspensions[edit]

Federal Senate[edit]

Chamber of Deputies[edit]

By-elections[edit]

Committees[edit]

Federal Senate[edit]

Chamber of Deputies[edit]

Parliamentary Inquiry Committees[edit]

  1. ^ As in Brazil the government is formed by a coalition, it is hard for a party to reach the majority of 257 deputies and/or 41 senators. Therefore, the majority party is the one with more members in each house.
  2. ^ In 2018, Miranda was elected a substitute for congressman Jean Wyllys, also a member of PSOL. Since Wyllys announced in January 2019 that he left the country due to death threats, Miranda took Wyllys’ place in the Chamber of Deputies.[34]
  3. ^ The successor is always the first substitute available of the party’s coalition in the state. He may or may not be from the same party of the first holder.
  4. ^ The successor is always the first substitute available of the party’s coalition in the state. He may or may not be from the same party of the first holder.
  5. ^ Carlos Fávaro placed 3rd in the 2018 Senate election, but served as Senator until the next special election.
  6. ^ Dep. João Campos (PSB-PE) resigned from his term to take office as Mayor of Recife on 1 January 2021.[71]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Caesar, Gabriela (8 October 2018). “Saiba como eram e como ficaram as bancadas na Câmara dos Deputados, partido a partido” (in Portuguese). G1. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
  2. ^ “Composição do Senado salta de 15 para 21 partidos em 2019” (in Portuguese). Senado Notícias. 3 January 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
  3. ^ “Rodrigo Maia é reeleito para a presidência da Câmara dos Deputados” (in Portuguese). CBN. 1 February 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
  4. ^ “Com confusão, sessão de eleição para presidente do Senado é suspensa” (in Portuguese). GaúchaZH. 1 February 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
  5. ^ a b c Garcia, Gustavo; Mazui, Guilherme; Netto, João Claudio (2 February 2019). “Após desistência de Renan e duas votações, Davi Alcolumbre é eleito presidente do Senado em 1º turno” (in Portuguese). G1. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  6. ^ “Congresso Nacional abre trabalhos de 2019 em 4 de fevereiro” (in Portuguese). Senado Notícias. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
  7. ^ Calgaro, Fernanda; Garcia, Gustavo; Amato, Fábio; Barbiéri, Luiz Felipe; Vivas, Fernanda (10 July 2019). “Câmara aprova em primeiro turno por 379 votos a 131 o texto-base da reforma da Previdência” (in Portuguese). G1. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  8. ^ Garcia, Gustavo; Resende, Sara (25 September 2019). “CCJ do Senado submete a sabatina Augusto Aras, indicado para procurador-geral de República” (in Portuguese). G1. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  9. ^ “Senado aprova indicação de Augusto Aras para a PGR” (in Portuguese). Senado Notícias. 25 September 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  10. ^ Resende, Sara; Garcia, Gustavo (22 October 2019). “Previdência: Senado aprova texto-base, mas adia conclusão da votação para esta quarta” (in Portuguese). G1. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  11. ^ Arbex, Thais; Brant, Danielle; Mattoso, Camila (4 December 2019). “Câmara aprova pacote anticrime sem principais bandeiras de Moro” (in Portuguese). Folha de S. Paulo. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  12. ^ “Sessão solene do Congresso inaugura o ano legislativo” (in Portuguese). Câmara dos Deputados. 3 February 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  13. ^ Calgaro, Fernanda; Clavery, Elisa (18 March 2020). “Coronavírus: Câmara aprova decreto que reconhece estado de calamidade pública” (in Portuguese). G1. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  14. ^ Baptista, Rodrigo (20 March 2020). “Em sessão histórica, Senado aprova calamidade pública contra covid-19” (in Portuguese). Agência Senado. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  15. ^ Said, Flávia (21 October 2020). “Por 57 votos a 10, Senado aprova Kassio Nunes Marques para o STF”. Congresso em Foco (in Portuguese). Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  16. ^ “Definidos os horários para a eleição da nova Mesa Diretora da Câmara”. Câmara dos Deputados (in Portuguese). 28 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  17. ^ “Eleição da Mesa e abertura do ano legislativo acontecem segunda e quarta”. Senado Notícias (in Portuguese). 28 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  18. ^ Azevedo, Alessandra (3 February 2021). “Congresso abre trabalhos legislativos de 2021 nesta quarta-feira”. Exame (in Portuguese). Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  19. ^ Amaral, Luciana (13 April 2021). “CPI da Covid no Senado investigará União e repasses a estados e municípios”. UOL Notícias (in Portuguese). Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  20. ^ Cruz, Valdo (20 August 2021). “Bolsonaro envia ao Senado pedido de impeachment do ministro do STF Alexandre de Moraes”. G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  21. ^ Lara, Rafaela; Ferrari, Murillo; Zucchi, Gustavi (24 August 2021). “Aras é sabatinado na CCJ do Senado para recondução à PGR; acompanhe”. CNN Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  22. ^ Garcia, Gustavo; Falcão, Márcio (24 August 2021). “Plenário do Senado aprova novo mandato de 2 anos para Augusto Aras como procurador-geral”. G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  23. ^ Nery, Natuza (25 August 2021). “Pacheco rejeita pedido de impeachment de Bolsonaro contra Alexandre de Moraes”. G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  24. ^ Pedroso, Rodrigo (27 October 2021). “Brazilian commission votes in favor of recommending criminal charges against Bolsonaro”. CNN. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  25. ^ Brito, Ricardo (26 October 2021). “Brazil Senate committee approves report calling Bolsonaro to be indicted”. Reuters. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  26. ^ Neves, Rafael (1 December 2021). “Quatro meses após indicação, Senado aprova Mendonça par vaga no STF”. UOL Notícias (in Portuguese). Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  27. ^ Mattos, Marcela; Felipe, Luiz; Garcia, Gustavo; Resende, Sara (2 February 2022). “Com presenças de Bolsonaro e Fux, Congresso faz sessão de abertura do ano legislativo”. G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  28. ^ “Sob intenso debate, PEC da Transição é aprovada no Senado”. Senado Notícias (in Portuguese). 7 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  29. ^ Charner, Flora; Reverdosa, Marcia; Pedroso, Rodrigo; Andone, Dakin; Elassar, Alaa; Chen, Heather (9 January 2023). “Bolsonaro supporters break into Brazilian Congress and presidential palace”. CNN. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  30. ^ Sullivan, Helen (9 January 2023). “Brazil congress attack: what we know so far”. The Guardian. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  31. ^ Costa, Mariana; Portela, Júlia (9 January 2023). “Com 1,5 mil extremistas presos, DF receberá 500 policiais de 10 estados para Força Nacional”. Metrópoles (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  32. ^ “Intervenção federal na segurança pública do DF vai a promulgação”. Senado Notícias (in Portuguese). 10 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  33. ^ a b “Item 1: OBJ 1/2019” (in Portuguese). Câmara dos Deputados. 1 February 2019. Archived from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
  34. ^ Maia, Gustavo (24 January 2019). ““Negro, gay e favelado”: quem é o suplente de Jean Wyllys na Câmara”. UOL. Brasília. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
  35. ^ Krüger, Ana (20 November 2018). “Senador eleito com mais votos em Sergipe troca Rede pelo PPS e aposta em fusão dos partidos” (in Portuguese). Congresso em Foco. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  36. ^ Rellstab, Clara (16 January 2019). “Senador Fernando Collor anuncia filiação ao PROS” (in Portuguese). Metro1. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  37. ^ “Carlos Siqueira abona ficha de filiação de Jorge Kajuru, senador eleito por Goiás” (in Portuguese). Partido Socialista Brasileiro. 15 January 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  38. ^ “Kajuru anuncia troca de partido: “Querem que eu seja inimigo de Bolsonaro”“ (in Portuguese). Último Segundo. 9 August 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  39. ^ Siqueira, André (18 September 2019). “Após consultar Datena, Jorge Kajuru anuncia ida ao Cidadania” (in Portuguese). Veja. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  40. ^ a b Neves, Rafael (31 January 2019). “Sete senadores que serão empossados nesta sexta trocaram de partido” (in Portuguese). Congresso em Foco. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  41. ^ Henri, Guilherme (30 January 2019). “Senador Nelsinho Trad deixa o PTB e confirma filiação ao PSD” (in Portuguese). Campo Grande News. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  42. ^ “PSD consolida posição de segunda bancada no Senado” (in Portuguese). Partido Social Democrático. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  43. ^ Gregório, Heitor (31 January 2019). “Zenaide se filia ao PROS” (in Portuguese). Tribuna do Norte. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  44. ^ “Girão muda de partido em busca de maior protagonismo” (in Portuguese). O Povo. 4 February 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  45. ^ “Styvenson está filiado ao Podemos” (in Portuguese). Tribuna do Norte. 5 February 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  46. ^ Barbosa, Rafael (5 February 2019). “Senador Lasier Martins (RS) deixa o PSD e filia-se ao Podemos” (in Portuguese). Poder360. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  47. ^ Waltenberg, Guilherme (14 August 2019). “Podemos anuncia filiação do senador Marcos do Val à sigla” (in Portuguese). Metrópoles. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  48. ^ “Reguffe entra para o Podemos, que vira segunda bancada no Senado” (in Portuguese). Senado Notícias. 18 September 2019.
  49. ^ Maklouf Carvalho, Luiz (14 September 2019). “Vou sair do PSL. Na próxima 4ª feira vou me filiar ao Podemos” (in Portuguese). Estadão. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  50. ^ Sabóia, Gabriel (12 November 2019). “Flávio Bolsonaro anuncia desfiliação do PSL” (in Portuguese). Uol. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  51. ^ “Flavio e Carlos Bolsonaro se filiam ao partido Republicanos” (in Portuguese). R7. 27 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  52. ^ “Senado Antonio Anastasia assina ficha de filiação ao PSD” (in Portuguese). Partido Social Democrático. 12 February 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  53. ^ Aidar, Bruna (3 March 2020). “Senador Vanderlan Cardoso deixa o PP e vai para o PSD”. Metrópoles (in Portuguese). Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  54. ^ Maia, Mateus (11 March 2020). “Kátia Abreu deixa PDT e vai para o Progressistas” (in Portuguese). Poder360. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  55. ^ Arns, Flávia (31 August 2020). “Senador Flávio Arns deixa a Rede e reforça bancada do Podemos”. Congresso em Foco (in Portuguese). Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  56. ^ Said, Flávia (1 October 2020). “Senador Elmano Férrer deixa o Podemos e vai para o PP”. Congresso em Foco (in Portuguese). Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  57. ^ Maia, Mateus (28 December 2020). “PL anuncia filiação do senador Carlos Portinho, que era do PSD”. Poder360 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  58. ^ a b Garcia, Gustavo (12 January 2021). “MDB anuncia candidatura de Simone Tebet à presidência do Senado”. G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  59. ^ “Romário anuncia filiação ao PL: ‘Admiro a forma como o partido é conduzido’“. UOL Notícias (in Portuguese). 8 April 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  60. ^ “Márcio Bittar deixa o MDB e deve comandar a fusão de DEM e PSL no Acre”. Folha do Acre (in Portuguese). 24 September 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
  61. ^ Barbiéri, Luiz Felipe (27 October 2021). “Presidente do Senado, Rodrigo Pacheco se filia ao PSD de Gilberto Kassab”. G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  62. ^ Felice, Raphael (27 October 2021). “É oficial: Pacheco é anunciado como candidato à Presidência pelo PSD”. Correio Braziliense (in Portuguese). Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  63. ^ Ferraz, Ian (17 January 2019). “Bia Kicis anuncia a Bolsonaro ida ao PSL e pede presidência da CCJ” (in Portuguese). Metrópoles. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  64. ^ Góes, Bruno (17 July 2019). “PDT suspende atividades de Tabata Amaral e outros 7 deputados que votaram a favor da reforma” (in Portuguese). O Globo. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  65. ^ Portinari, Natália (13 August 2019). “Alexandre Frota é expulso do PSL após críticas a Bolsonaro” (in Portuguese). O Globo. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  66. ^ Roxo, Sérgio (16 August 2019). “Alexandre Frota se filia ao PSDB: ‘PSL tem Queiroz’, diz sobre Aécio Neves” (in Portuguese). O Globo. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  67. ^ a b Barbosa, Marina (30 August 2019). “PSB expulsa um e suspende outros nove deputados que votaram a favor da Previdência” (in Portuguese). Congresso em Foco. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  68. ^ Pereira, Lucas (12 September 2019). “Ciro Nogueira anuncia filiação de Átila Lira ao PP” (in Portuguese). Teresina Diário. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  69. ^ Pompeu, Lauriberto (17 October 2019). “Zambelli, Bibo e Alê estão suspensos do PSL; expulsão é próximo passo” (in Portuguese). Congresso em Foco. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  70. ^ Fernandes, Talita (21 October 2010). “Em nova reviravolta, Delegado Waldir decide entregar liderança do PSL” (in Portuguese). Folha de S. Paulo. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  71. ^ Alves, Pedro (1 January 2021). “João Campos toma posse como prefeito de Recife e promete fortalecer educação pública e combate à Covid-19”. G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 1 January 2021.