[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/list-of-birds-of-the-chatham-islands\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/list-of-birds-of-the-chatham-islands\/","headline":"List of birds of the Chatham Islands","name":"List of birds of the Chatham Islands","description":"In this list of Birds of the Chatham Islands. In 1995, Chatham Islands County was dissolved and reconstituted by a","datePublished":"2018-02-27","dateModified":"2018-02-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":100,"height":100},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/list-of-birds-of-the-chatham-islands\/","wordCount":6200,"articleBody":"In this list of Birds of the Chatham Islands.  In 1995, Chatham Islands County was dissolved and reconstituted by a specific Act of Parliament as the “Chatham Islands Territory”, with powers similar to those of territorial authorities and some functions similar to those of a regional council.[1] They form an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean about 650 kilometres (400\u00a0mi) east of mainland New Zealand.This list’s taxonomic treatment and nomenclature (common and scientific names) mainly follows the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition.[2] Some supplemental referencing is that of the Avibase Bird Checklists of the World [3] as of October 2022.The species and subspecies marked extinct became extinct subsequent to humans’ arrival in the Chatham Islands. About two thirds of the extinctions occurred after the arrival of M\u0101ori but before the arrival of p\u0101keh\u0101 (European New Zealanders) and the rest since p\u0101keh\u0101 arrived.Unless otherwise noted, all species listed below are considered to occur regularly in the Chatham Islands as permanent residents, summer or winter visitors, or migrants. The following codes are used to denote other categories of species:(I) Introduced – a species introduced to New Zealand by the actions of humans, either directly or indirectly(E) Extinct – a recent species that no longer exists(V) Vagrant – birds considered to be accidental visitors, with few modern recordsThe Checklist of the birds of New Zealand, published in 2010 by Te Papa Press, in association with the Ornithological Society of New Zealand, is an authoritative list of Chatham Island birds.Table of ContentsDucks, geese, and waterfowl[edit]New World quail[edit]Pigeons and doves[edit]Cuckoos[edit]Rails, gallinules, and coots[edit]Stilts and avocets[edit]Oystercatchers[edit]Plovers and lapwings[edit]Sandpipers and allies[edit]Skuas and jaegers[edit]Gulls, terns, and skimmers[edit]Penguins[edit]Albatrosses[edit]Southern storm-petrels[edit]Northern storm-petrels[edit]Shearwaters and petrels[edit]Frigatebirds[edit]Boobies and gannets[edit]Cormorants and shags[edit]Herons, egrets, and bitterns[edit]Ibises and spoonbills[edit]Hawks, eagles, and kites[edit]Kingfishers[edit]Falcons and caracaras[edit]New Zealand parrots[edit]Old world parrots[edit]Honeyeaters[edit]Thornbills and allies[edit]Fantails[edit]Crows, jays, and magpies[edit]Australasian robins[edit]Grassbirds and allies[edit]Swallows[edit]White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies[edit]Starlings[edit]Thrushes and allies[edit]Accentors[edit]Old World sparrows[edit]Wagtails and pipits[edit]Finches, euphonias, and allies[edit]Old World buntings[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Ducks, geese, and waterfowl[edit]Order: Anseriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: AnatidaeThe family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These are adapted for an aquatic existence, with webbed feet, bills that are flattened to a greater or lesser extent, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils.Plumed whistling-duck, Dendrocygna eytoni (V)Graylag goose, Anser anser (I)Canada goose, Branta canadensis (V)Black swan, Cygnus atratus (I)Australian shelduck  Tadorna tadornoides (V)Putangitangi, Tadorna variegata (V)Australasian shoveler, Spatula rhynchotis  (V)P\u0101rera, Anas superciliosaMallard, Anas platyrhynchos (I)Pateke, Anas chlorotisChatham duck, Anas chathamica (E)Papango, Aythya novaeseelandiaeChatham Island merganser, Mergus milleneri (E)New World quail[edit]Order: Galliformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: OdontophoridaeOdontophoridae are not native to the Chatham Islands, but feral populations of one species survives.Pigeons and doves[edit]Order: Columbiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: ColumbidaePigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.Cuckoos[edit]Order: Cuculiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: CuculidaeThe family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.Order: Caprimulgiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: ApodidaeSwifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.Rails, gallinules, and coots[edit]Order: Gruiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: RallidaeRallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.Stilts and avocets[edit]Order: Charadriiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: RecurvirostridaeRecurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin straight bills.Oystercatchers[edit]Order: Charadriiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: HaematopodidaeThe oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.Plovers and lapwings[edit]Order: Charadriiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: CharadriidaeThe family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.Sandpipers and allies[edit]Order: Charadriiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: ScolopacidaeWhimbrel, Numenius phaeopus (V)Far Eastern curlew, Numenius madagascarensis (V)Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponicaBlack-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa (V)Hudsonian godwit, Limosa haemastica (V)Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpresHuahou, Calidris canutusSharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata (V)Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea (V)Red-necked stint, Calidris ruficollis (V)Sanderling, Calidris alba (V)Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos (V)Chatham Islands snipe, Coenocorypha pusillaForbes’s snipe, Coenocorypha chathamica (E)Gray-tailed tattler, Tringa brevipes (V)Wandering tattler, Tringa incana (V)Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia (V)Lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes (V)Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis (V)Skuas and jaegers[edit]Order: Charadriiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: StercorariidaeThe family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.Gulls, terns, and skimmers[edit]Order: Charadriiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: LaridaeLaridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.Penguins[edit]Order: Sphenisciformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: SpheniscidaePenguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in Antarctica.Albatrosses[edit]Order: Procellariiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: DiomedeidaeThe albatrosses are a family of large seabird found across the Southern and North Pacific Oceans. The largest are among the largest flying birds in the world.Yellow-nosed albatross, Thalassarche chlororhynchos (V) – endangeredGray-headed albatross, Thalassarche chrysostoma (V) – endangeredBuller’s albatross, Thalassarche bulleri – near-threatenedWhite-capped albatross, Thalassarche cauta – near-threatenedSalvin’s albatross, Thalassarche salvini – vulnerableChatham albatross, Thalassarche eremita – vulnerableBlack-browed albatross, Thalassarche melanophris – near-threatenedSooty albatross, Phoebetria fusca (V) – endangeredLight-mantled albatross, Phoebetria palpebrata (V) – near-threatenedRoyal albatross, Diomedea epomophora – vulnerableWandering albatross, Diomedea exulans – vulnerableSouthern storm-petrels[edit]Order: Procellariiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: OceanitidaeThe southern storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.Northern storm-petrels[edit]Order: Procellariiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: HydrobatidaeThough the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.Shearwaters and petrels[edit]Order: Procellariiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: ProcellariidaeThe procellariids are the main group of medium-sized “true petrels”, characterised by united nostrils with medium nasal septum, and a long outer functional primary flight feather.Southern giant-petrel, Macronectes giganteus (V)Northern giant-petrel, Macronectes halliSouthern fulmar, Fulmarus glacialoides (V)Antarctic petrel, Thalassoica antarctica (V)Cape petrel, Daption capenseKerguelen petrel, Aphrodroma brevirostris (V)Gray-faced petrel, Pterodroma gouldiKermadec petrel, Pterodroma neglecta (V)Magenta petrel, Pterodroma magentaeSoft-plumaged petrel, Pterodroma mollis (V)White-headed petrel, Pterodroma lessonii (V)Imber’s petrel, Pterodroma imberi (E)Mottled petrel, Pterodroma inexpectata (V)Juan Fernandez petrel, Pterodroma externa (V)Black-winged petrel, Pterodroma nigripennisChatham petrel, Pterodroma axillarisCook’s petrel, Pterodroma cookiiPycroft’s petrel, Pterodroma pycroftiBlue petrel, Halobaena caerulea (V)Fairy prion, Pachyptila turturBroad-billed prion, Pachyptila vittataSalvin’s prion, Pachyptila salvini (V)Antarctic prion, Pachyptila desolata (V)Fulmar prion, Pachyptila crassirostrisGray petrel, Procellaria cinerea (V)White-chinned petrel, Procellaria aequinoctialis (V)Parkinson’s petrel, Procellaria parkinsoni (V)Westland petrel, Procellaria westlandica (V)Flesh-footed shearwater, Ardenna carneipes (V)Great shearwater, Ardenna gravis (V)Buller’s shearwater, Ardenna bulleriSooty shearwater, Ardenna griseusShort-tailed shearwater, Ardenna tenuirostris (V)Fluttering shearwater, Puffinus gavia (V)Little shearwater, Puffinus assimilisSubantarctic shearwater, Puffinus elegansCommon diving-petrel, Pelecanoides urinatrixSouth Georgia diving-petrel, Pelecanoides georgicusFrigatebirds[edit]Order: Suliformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: FregatidaeFrigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white, or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.Boobies and gannets[edit]Order: Suliformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: SulidaeThe sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.Cormorants and shags[edit]Order: Suliformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: PhalacrocoracidaeCormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of coloured skin on the face. The bill is long, thin and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed, a distinguishing feature among the order Pelecaniformes.Herons, egrets, and bitterns[edit]Order: Pelecaniformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: ArdeidaeThe family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.Ibises and spoonbills[edit]Order: Pelecaniformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: ThreskiornithidaeThreskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.Hawks, eagles, and kites[edit]Order: Accipitriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: AccipitridaeAccipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.Order: Strigiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: StrigidaeThe typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.Morepork, Ninox novaeseelandiae (M\u0101ori, ruru)Kingfishers[edit]Order: Coraciiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: AlcedinidaeKingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.Falcons and caracaras[edit]Order: Falconiformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: FalconidaeFalconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.New Zealand parrots[edit]Order: Psittaciformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: StrigopidaeThe New Zealand parrot superfamily, Strigopoidea,[4] consists of at least three genera of parrots \u2013 Nestor, Strigops, the fossil Nelepsittacus,[5][6] and probably the fossil Heracles.[7] The genus Nestor consists of the kea, kaka, Norfolk Island kaka and Chatham Island kaka,[8][9] while the genus Strigops contains the iconic kakapo.[8] All extant species are endemic to New Zealand. The species of the genus Nelepsittacus were endemics of the main islands, while the two extinct species of the genus Nestor were found at the nearby oceanic islands such as Chatham Island of New Zealand, and Norfolk Island and adjacent Phillip Island.Old world parrots[edit]Order: Psittaciformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: PsittaculidaeCharacteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from 8\u00a0cm (3.1\u00a0in) to 1\u00a0m (3.3\u00a0ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.Honeyeaters[edit]Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: MeliphagidaeThe honeyeaters are a large and diverse family of small to medium-sized birds most common in Australia and New Guinea. They are nectar feeders and closely resemble other nectar-feeding passerines.Thornbills and allies[edit]Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: AcanthizidaeThornbills are small passerine birds, similar in habits to the tits.Fantails[edit]Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: RhipiduridaeThe fantails are small insectivorous birds which are specialist aerial feeders.Crows, jays, and magpies[edit]Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: CorvidaeThe family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.Australasian robins[edit]Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: PetroicidaeMost species of Petroicidae have a stocky build with a large rounded head, a short straight bill and rounded wingtips. They occupy a wide range of wooded habitats, from subalpine to tropical rainforest, and mangrove swamp to semi-arid scrubland. All are primarily insectivores, although a few supplement their diet with seeds.Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: AlaudidaeLarks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.Grassbirds and allies[edit]Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: LocustellidaeLocustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.Swallows[edit]Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: HirundinidaeThe family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies[edit]Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: ZosteropidaeThe white-eyes are small birds of rather drab appearance, the plumage above being typically greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast, or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As the name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.Starlings[edit]Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: SturnidaeStarlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.Thrushes and allies[edit]Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: TurdidaeThe thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.Accentors[edit]Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: PrunellidaeThe accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to sparrows.Old World sparrows[edit]Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: PasseridaeOld World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.Wagtails and pipits[edit]Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: MotacillidaeMotacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.Finches, euphonias, and allies[edit]Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: FringillidaeFinches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.Old World buntings[edit]Order: Passeriformes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Family: EmberizidaeThe emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.See also[edit]References[edit]^ Chatham Islands Council Act 1995 Archived 2012-07-12 at archive.today, Parliament of New Zealand, 1995, Statute No 041,  Commenced: 1 November 1995, retrieved 4 February 2008.^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird\/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2022. Downloaded from http:\/\/www.birds.cornell.edu\/clementschecklist\/download\/ retrieved 25 October 2022^ Lepage, Denis (25 October 2022). “Checklist of birds of the Chatham Islands”. Avibase. Retrieved 25 October 2022.^ Nestoridae and Strigopidae are described in the same article, Bonaparte, C.L. (1849) Conspectus Systematis Ornithologiae. Therefore, under rules of the ICZN, the first reviser determines priority, which is Bonaparte, C.L. (1850), Conspectus Generum Avium, E.J. Brill, Leyden.^ Christidis L, Boles WE (2008). Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. Canberra: CSIRO Publishing. p.\u00a0200. ISBN\u00a0978-0-643-06511-6.^ Worthy, Trevor H.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Scofield, R. Paul (2011). “An early Miocene diversity of parrots (Aves, Strigopidae, Nestorinae) from New Zealand”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (5): 1102\u201316. doi:10.1080\/02724634.2011.595857. S2CID\u00a086361015.^ Worthy, Trevor H.; Hand, Suzanne J.; Archer, Michael; Schofield, R. Paul; De Pietri, Vanesa L. (2019). “Evidence for a giant parrot from the early Miocene of New Zealand”. Biology Letters. 15 (8): 20190467. doi:10.1098\/rsbl.2019.0467. PMC\u00a06731479. PMID\u00a031387471.^ a b Forshaw, Joseph M.; Cooper, William T. (1981) [1973, 1978]. Parrots of the World (corrected second\u00a0ed.). David & Charles, Newton Abbot, London. ISBN\u00a00-7153-7698-5.^ Millener, P. R. (1999). “The history of the Chatham Islands’ bird fauna of the last 7000 years \u2013 a chronicle of change and extinction. Proceedings of the 4th International meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution (Washington, D.C., June 1996)”. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. 89: 85\u2013109.External links[edit]"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/list-of-birds-of-the-chatham-islands\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"List of birds of the Chatham Islands"}}]}]