List of earthquakes in 1978

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This is a list of earthquakes in 1978. Only earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above are included, unless they result in damage and/or casualties, or are notable for some other reason. Events in remote areas will not be listed but included in statistics and maps. Countries are entered on the lists in order of their status in this particular year. All dates are listed according to UTC time. Maximum intensities are indicated on the Mercalli intensity scale and are sourced from United States Geological Survey (USGS) ShakeMap data. Another fairly quiet year as far as earthquakes above magnitude 7.0. The largest of the 12 events in this threshold were magnitude 7.7 and both Japan and Mexico experienced these. The Kuril Islands in Russia had a robust series of large earthquakes in March. Iran dominated the death toll for the year. One event in September left 20,000 dead. Japan had two destructive events including the joint largest event of the year. October had no events above magnitude 6 which is an unusual quiescence.

By death toll[edit]

Listed are earthquakes with at least 10 dead.

By magnitude[edit]

Rank Magnitude Death toll Location MMI Depth (km) Date
= 1 7.7 28  Japan, off the east coast of Honshu VIII (Severe) 44.0 June 12
= 1 7.7 9  Mexico, Oaxaca IX (Violent) 18.0 November 29
2 7.6 0  Soviet Union, Kuril Islands, Russia VI (Strong) 33.0 March 24
3 7.5 0  Soviet Union, Kuril Islands, Russia VIII (Severe) 33.0 March 23
= 4 7.4 0  Taiwan, off the southeast coast VI (Strong) 17.0 July 23
= 4 7.4 20,000  Iran, Yazd Province IX (Violent) 33.0 September 16
5 7.2 0  New Zealand, Kermadec Islands ( ) 33.0 February 9
= 6 7.1 0  Soviet Union, Issyk-Kul Region, Kyrgyzstan VIII (Severe) 33.0 March 24
= 6 7.1 0  Solomon Islands VII (Very strong) 33.0 November 5
= 7 7.0 0  Tonga ( ) 33.0 June 17
= 7 7.0 0  Costa Rica, Guanacaste Province VIII (Severe) 56.0 August 23
= 7 7.0 2  Taiwan, off the east coast VI (Strong) 33.0 December 23

Listed are earthquakes with at least 7.0 magnitude.

By month[edit]

January[edit]

January
Strongest magnitude 6.6 Mw  Japan
Deadliest 6.6 Mw  Japan
29 deaths
Total fatalities 29
8.0–8.9 0
7.0–7.9 0
6.0–6.9 7
5.0–5.9 142
4.0–4.9 182

February[edit]

February
Strongest magnitude 7.2 Mw  New Zealand
Total fatalities 0
8.0–8.9 0
7.0–7.9 1
6.0–6.9 6
5.0–5.9 139
4.0–4.9 171

March[edit]

March
Strongest magnitude 7.6 Mw  Soviet Union
Deadliest 5.6 Mw Flag of Italy (1946–2003).svg Italy
2 deaths
Total fatalities 4
8.0–8.9 0
7.0–7.9 3
6.0–6.9 15
5.0–5.9 210
4.0–4.9 311
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured
3[16]  Tonga 6.2 33.0
4[17]  Tonga 6.3 33.0
4[18][19]  Papua New Guinea, off the east coast of New Ireland (island) 6.2 78.0 V
7[20]  Japan, Izu Islands 6.9 439.0 A magnitude 6.0 foreshock occurred seconds earlier.
11[21][22][23] Flag of Italy (1946–2003).svg Italy, Calabria 5.6 33.0 V 2 people died and at least 51 were injured. Some damage was reported. 2 51
16[24][25][26]  Afghanistan, Kandahar Province 5.9 33.0 VII 1 person was killed and some damage was caused. 1
19[27][28][29]  Mexico, Guerrero 6.4 36.0 VII 1 person died and 25 people were injured. Some damage was caused. 1 25
22[30][31]  Soviet Union, Kuril Islands, Russia 6.7 33.0 IV Beginning of a series of large events.
22[32][33][34]  Soviet Union, Kuril Islands, Russia 6.6 33.0 V
23[35][36][37]  Soviet Union, Kuril Islands, Russia 6.8 46.0 V
23[38][39][40]  Soviet Union, Kuril Islands, Russia 7.5 33.0 VIII A small tsunami was observed.
23[41]  Soviet Union, Kuril Islands, Russia 6.8 33.0
24[42][43][44]  Soviet Union, Kuril Islands, Russia 7.6 33.0 VI A small tsunami was observed.
24[45][46][47]  Soviet Union, Issyk-Kul Region, Kyrgyzstan 7.1 33.0 VIII Major damage was reported.

April[edit]

April
Strongest magnitude 6.7 Mw  Indonesia
Deadliest 5.7 Mw Flag of Italy (1946–2003).svg Italy
5 deaths
Total fatalities 5
8.0–8.9 0
7.0–7.9 0
6.0–6.9 7
5.0–5.9 105
4.0–4.9 230

May[edit]

May
Strongest magnitude 6.8 Mw  Japan
Total fatalities 0
8.0–8.9 0
7.0–7.9 0
6.0–6.9 5
5.0–5.9 133
4.0–4.9 243

June[edit]

June
Strongest magnitude 7.7 Mw  Japan
Deadliest 6.4 Mw  Greece
50 deaths
Total fatalities 78
8.0–8.9 0
7.0–7.9 2
6.0–6.9 9
5.0–5.9 98
4.0–4.9 229
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured
3[73][74]  Japan, Shimane Prefecture, Honshu 4.9 19.0 IV 1 person was injured and some damage was caused. 1
4[75][76]  Soviet Union, Bukhara Region, Uzbekistan 6.0 33.0 VI
11[77]  Tonga 6.2 33.0
12[78][79][80]  Japan, off the east coast of Honshu 7.7 44.0 VIII Largest event of 1978. The 1978 Miyagi earthquake caused 28 deaths and nearly 10,000 injuries. Property damage was extensive with costs reaching $865 million (1978 rate). A tsunami was generated. 28 10,000
14[81][82]  Japan, off the east coast of Honshu 6.3 40.0 IV Aftershock.
14[83][84]  Philippines, off the west coast of Mindanao 6.9 24.0 VII
16[85][86]  Philippines, eastern Mindanao 6.0 139.0 IV
17[87]  Tonga 7.0 33.0
20[88][89][90]  Greece, East Macedonia and Thrace 6.4 3.0 IX The 1978 Thessaloniki earthquake resulted in 50 deaths and at least 101 injuries. Major damage was caused with costs being $250 million (1978 rate). 50 101
24[91][92]  Indonesia, off the coast of southern Sumatra 6.4 33.0 V

July[edit]

July
Strongest magnitude 7.4 Mw  Taiwan
Deadliest 4.9 Mw  Guatemala
17 deaths
Total fatalities 17
8.0–8.9 0
7.0–7.9 1
6.0–6.9 4
5.0–5.9 112
4.0–4.9 206

August[edit]

August
Strongest magnitude 7.0 Mw  Costa Rica
Total fatalities 0
8.0–8.9 0
7.0–7.9 1
6.0–6.9 6
5.0–5.9 118
4.0–4.9 166

September[edit]

September
Strongest magnitude 7.4 Mw  Iran
Deadliest 7.4 Mw  Iran
20,000 deaths
Total fatalities 20,000
8.0–8.9 0
7.0–7.9 1
6.0–6.9 7
5.0–5.9 121
4.0–4.9 210

October[edit]

October
Strongest magnitude 5.9 Mw 2 events
Total fatalities 0
8.0–8.9 0
7.0–7.9 0
6.0–6.9 0
5.0–5.9 120
4.0–4.9 136
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured

November[edit]

November
Strongest magnitude 7.7 Mw  Mexico
Deadliest 7.7 Mw  Mexico
9 deaths
Total fatalities 9
8.0–8.9 0
7.0–7.9 2
6.0–6.9 6
5.0–5.9 125
4.0–4.9 221

December[edit]

December
Strongest magnitude 7.0 Mw  Taiwan
Deadliest 6.2 Mw  Iran
76 deaths
Total fatalities 78
8.0–8.9 0
7.0–7.9 1
6.0–6.9 9
5.0–5.9 112
4.0–4.9 274

References[edit]

  1. ^ “M 6.0 – Luzon, Philippines”. United States Geological Survey. January 6, 1978. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
  2. ^ “M 6.0 – Luzon, Philippines”. United States Geological Survey. January 6, 1978. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
  3. ^ “M 6.6 – near the south coast of Honshu, Japan”. United States Geological Survey. January 14, 1978. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
  4. ^ “M 6.6 – near the south coast of Honshu, Japan”. United States Geological Survey. January 14, 1978. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
  5. ^ “Significant Earthquake: JAPAN: TOKKAIDO, OSHIMA”. National Geophysical Data Center. January 14, 1978. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
  6. ^ “M 6.4 – New Britain region, Papua New Guinea”. United States Geological Survey. January 25, 1978. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
  7. ^ “M 6.4 – New Britain region, Papua New Guinea”. United States Geological Survey. January 25, 1978. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
  8. ^ “M 7.2 – Kermadec Islands, New Zealand”. United States Geological Survey. February 9, 1978. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
  9. ^ “M 6.6 – Kermadec Islands, New Zealand”. United States Geological Survey. February 11, 1978. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
  10. ^ “M 4.8 – eastern Turkey”. United States Geological Survey. February 15, 1978. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
  11. ^ “M 4.8 – eastern Turkey”. United States Geological Survey. February 15, 1978. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
  12. ^ “Significant Earthquake: TURKEY”. National Geophysical Data Center. February 15, 1978. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
  13. ^ “M 6.1 – near the east coast of Honshu, Japan”. United States Geological Survey. February 20, 1978. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
  14. ^ “M 6.1 – near the east coast of Honshu, Japan”. United States Geological Survey. February 20, 1978. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
  15. ^ “Significant Earthquake: JAPAN: OFUNATO, TOHOKU”. National Geophysical Data Center. February 20, 1978. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
  16. ^ “M 6.2 – Tonga”. United States Geological Survey. March 3, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  17. ^ “M 6.3 – Tonga”. United States Geological Survey. March 4, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  18. ^ “M 6.2 – New Ireland region, Papua New Guinea”. United States Geological Survey. March 4, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  19. ^ “M 6.2 – New Ireland region, Papua New Guinea”. United States Geological Survey. March 4, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  20. ^ “M 6.9 – Izu Islands, Japan region”. United States Geological Survey. March 7, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  21. ^ “M 5.6 – southern Italy”. United States Geological Survey. March 11, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  22. ^ “M 5.6 – southern Italy”. United States Geological Survey. March 11, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  23. ^ “Significant Earthquake: ITALY: SICILY”. National Geophysical Data Center. March 11, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  24. ^ “M 5.9 – western Afghanistan”. United States Geological Survey. March 16, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  25. ^ “M 5.9 – western Afghanistan”. United States Geological Survey. March 16, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  26. ^ “Significant Earthquake: PAKISTAN: QUETTA, NUSHKI”. National Geophysical Data Center. March 16, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  27. ^ “M 6.4 – Guerrero, Mexico”. United States Geological Survey. March 19, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  28. ^ “M 6.4 – Guerrero, Mexico”. United States Geological Survey. March 19, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  29. ^ “Significant Earthquake: MEXICO: ACAPULCO”. National Geophysical Data Center. March 19, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  30. ^ “M 6.7 – Kuril Islands”. United States Geological Survey. March 22, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  31. ^ “M 6.7 – Kuril Islands”. United States Geological Survey. March 22, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  32. ^ “M 6.6 – Kuril Islands”. United States Geological Survey. March 22, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  33. ^ “M 6.6 – Kuril Islands”. United States Geological Survey. March 22, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  34. ^ “Significant Earthquake: RUSSIA: KURIL ISLANDS”. National Geophysical Data Center. March 22, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  35. ^ “M 6.8 – Kuril Islands”. United States Geological Survey. March 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  36. ^ “M 6.8 – Kuril Islands”. United States Geological Survey. March 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  37. ^ “Significant Earthquake: RUSSIA: KURIL ISLANDS”. National Geophysical Data Center. March 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  38. ^ “M 7.5 – Kuril Islands”. United States Geological Survey. March 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  39. ^ “M 7.5 – Kuril Islands”. United States Geological Survey. March 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  40. ^ “Significant Earthquake: RUSSIA: KURIL ISLANDS”. National Geophysical Data Center. March 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  41. ^ “M 6.8 – Kuril Islands”. United States Geological Survey. March 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  42. ^ “M 7.6 – Kuril Islands”. United States Geological Survey. March 24, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  43. ^ “M 7.6 – Kuril Islands”. United States Geological Survey. March 24, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  44. ^ “Significant Earthquake: RUSSIA: KURIL ISLANDS”. National Geophysical Data Center. March 24, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  45. ^ “M 7.1 – Kyrgyzstan”. United States Geological Survey. March 24, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  46. ^ “M 7.1 – Kyrgyzstan”. United States Geological Survey. March 24, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  47. ^ “Significant Earthquake: KAZAKHSTAN: ALMA-ATA”. National Geophysical Data Center. March 24, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  48. ^ “M 6.0 – western Xizang”. United States Geological Survey. April 4, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  49. ^ “M 6.0 – western Xizang”. United States Geological Survey. April 4, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  50. ^ “M 6.1 – north of Panama”. United States Geological Survey. April 4, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  51. ^ “M 6.1 – north of Panama”. United States Geological Survey. April 4, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  52. ^ “M 6.7 – south of Lombok, Indonesia”. United States Geological Survey. April 10, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  53. ^ “M 6.6 – Kodiak Island region, Alaska”. United States Geological Survey. April 12, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  54. ^ “M 6.6 – Kodiak Island region, Alaska”. United States Geological Survey. April 12, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  55. ^ “M 5.7 – Serbia”. United States Geological Survey. April 13, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  56. ^ “M 5.7 – Serbia”. United States Geological Survey. April 13, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  57. ^ “Significant Earthquake: BALKANS NW: SERBIA: BRUS”. National Geophysical Data Center. April 13, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  58. ^ “M 5.7 – Sicily, Italy”. United States Geological Survey. April 15, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  59. ^ “M 5.7 – Sicily, Italy”. United States Geological Survey. April 15, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  60. ^ “Significant Earthquake: ITALY: SICILY”. National Geophysical Data Center. April 15, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  61. ^ “M 6.2 – Solomon Islands”. United States Geological Survey. April 29, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  62. ^ “M 6.2 – Solomon Islands”. United States Geological Survey. April 29, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  63. ^ “M 6.7 – Vanuatu”. United States Geological Survey. May 13, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  64. ^ “M 6.7 – Vanuatu”. United States Geological Survey. May 13, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  65. ^ “M 6.3 – Kyushu, Japan”. United States Geological Survey. May 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  66. ^ “M 6.3 – Kyushu, Japan”. United States Geological Survey. May 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  67. ^ “M 5.7 – Greece”. United States Geological Survey. May 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  68. ^ “M 5.7 – Greece”. United States Geological Survey. May 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  69. ^ “Significant Earthquake: GREECE: THESSALONIKI, VOLVI, LANGADAS”. National Geophysical Data Center. May 23, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  70. ^ “M 6.7 – Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska”. United States Geological Survey. May 24, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  71. ^ “M 6.7 – Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska”. United States Geological Survey. May 24, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  72. ^ “M 6.8 – Volcano Islands, Japan region”. United States Geological Survey. May 26, 1978. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  73. ^ “M 4.9 – western Honshu, Japan”. United States Geological Survey. June 3, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  74. ^ “Significant Earthquake: JAPAN: S HONSHU: HIROSHIMA”. National Geophysical Data Center. June 3, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  75. ^ “M 6.0 – western Uzbekistan”. United States Geological Survey. June 4, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  76. ^ “M 6.0 – western Uzbekistan”. United States Geological Survey. June 4, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  77. ^ “M 6.2 – Tonga”. United States Geological Survey. June 11, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  78. ^ “M 7.7 – near the east coast of Honshu, Japan”. United States Geological Survey. June 12, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  79. ^ “M 7.7 – near the east coast of Honshu, Japan”. United States Geological Survey. June 12, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  80. ^ “Significant Earthquake: JAPAN: SANRIKU”. National Geophysical Data Center. June 12, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  81. ^ “M 6.3 – near the east coast of Honshu, Japan”. United States Geological Survey. June 14, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  82. ^ “M 6.3 – near the east coast of Honshu, Japan”. United States Geological Survey. June 14, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  83. ^ “M 6.9 – Mindanao, Philippines”. United States Geological Survey. June 14, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  84. ^ “M 6.9 – Mindanao, Philippines”. United States Geological Survey. June 14, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  85. ^ “M 6.0 – Mindanao, Philippines”. United States Geological Survey. June 16, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  86. ^ “M 6.0 – Mindanao, Philippines”. United States Geological Survey. June 16, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  87. ^ “M 7.0 – Tonga region”. United States Geological Survey. June 17, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  88. ^ “M 6.4 – Greece”. United States Geological Survey. June 20, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  89. ^ “M 6.4 – Greece”. United States Geological Survey. June 20, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  90. ^ “Significant Earthquake: GREECE: THESSALONIKI”. National Geophysical Data Center. June 20, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  91. ^ “M 6.4 – southern Sumatra, Indonesia”. United States Geological Survey. June 24, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  92. ^ “M 6.4 – southern Sumatra, Indonesia”. United States Geological Survey. June 24, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  93. ^ “M 6.0 – New Britain region, Papua New Guinea”. United States Geological Survey. July 22, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  94. ^ “M 6.0 – New Britain region, Papua New Guinea”. United States Geological Survey. July 22, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  95. ^ “M 7.4 – Taiwan region”. United States Geological Survey. July 23, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  96. ^ “M 7.4 – Taiwan region”. United States Geological Survey. July 23, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  97. ^ “M 4.9 – Guatemala”. United States Geological Survey. July 29, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  98. ^ “M 4.9 – Guatemala”. United States Geological Survey. July 29, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  99. ^ “Significant Earthquake: GUATEMALA: PATZUN”. National Geophysical Data Center. July 29, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  100. ^ “M 6.3 – Atacama, Chile”. United States Geological Survey. August 3, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  101. ^ “M 6.3 – Atacama, Chile”. United States Geological Survey. August 3, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  102. ^ “Significant Earthquake: CHILE: NORTHERN: COPIAPO-TALTAI”. National Geophysical Data Center. August 3, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  103. ^ “M 6.1 – near the north coast of Papua, Indonesia”. United States Geological Survey. August 3, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  104. ^ “M 6.1 – near the north coast of Papua, Indonesia”. United States Geological Survey. August 3, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  105. ^ “M 5.1 – 12km S of Santa Barbara, CA”. United States Geological Survey. August 13, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  106. ^ “M 5.1 – 12km S of Santa Barbara, CA”. United States Geological Survey. August 13, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  107. ^ “Significant Earthquake: CALIFORNIA: SOUTHERN”. National Geophysical Data Center. August 13, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  108. ^ “M 7.0 – Costa Rica”. United States Geological Survey. August 23, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  109. ^ “M 7.0 – Costa Rica”. United States Geological Survey. August 23, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  110. ^ “M 6.2 – Solomon Islands”. United States Geological Survey. September 1, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  111. ^ “M 6.2 – Solomon Islands”. United States Geological Survey. September 1, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  112. ^ “M 6.1 – Taiwan”. United States Geological Survey. September 2, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  113. ^ “M 6.1 – Taiwan”. United States Geological Survey. September 2, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  114. ^ “M 5.3 – Germany”. United States Geological Survey. September 3, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  115. ^ “M 5.3 – Germany”. United States Geological Survey. September 3, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  116. ^ “Significant Earthquake: GERMANY”. National Geophysical Data Center. September 3, 1978. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  117. ^ “M 6.0 – Vanuatu”. United States Geological Survey. September 6, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  118. ^ “M 6.0 – Vanuatu”. United States Geological Survey. September 6, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  119. ^ “M 6.0 Nuclear Explosion – eastern Kazakhstan”. United States Geological Survey. September 15, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  120. ^ “M 7.4 – eastern Iran”. United States Geological Survey. September 16, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  121. ^ “M 7.4 – eastern Iran”. United States Geological Survey. September 16, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  122. ^ “Significant Earthquake: IRAN: TABAS”. National Geophysical Data Center. September 16, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  123. ^ “M 6.3 – Vanuatu”. United States Geological Survey. September 23, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  124. ^ “M 6.3 – Vanuatu”. United States Geological Survey. September 23, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  125. ^ “M 6.8 – Tajikistan”. United States Geological Survey. November 1, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  126. ^ “M 6.8 – Tajikistan”. United States Geological Survey. November 1, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  127. ^ “Significant Earthquake: UZBEKISTAN: ANDIZHAN; TAJIKISTAN: DUSHANBE”. National Geophysical Data Center. November 1, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  128. ^ “M 6.1 – northwestern Iran”. United States Geological Survey. November 4, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  129. ^ “M 6.1 – northwestern Iran”. United States Geological Survey. November 4, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  130. ^ “M 6.9 – Solomon Islands”. United States Geological Survey. November 4, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  131. ^ “M 6.9 – Solomon Islands”. United States Geological Survey. November 4, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  132. ^ “M 6.0 – Solomon Islands”. United States Geological Survey. November 4, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  133. ^ “M 6.0 – Solomon Islands”. United States Geological Survey. November 4, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  134. ^ “M 7.1 – Solomon Islands”. United States Geological Survey. November 5, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  135. ^ “M 7.1 – Solomon Islands”. United States Geological Survey. November 5, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  136. ^ “M 6.1 – Solomon Islands”. United States Geological Survey. November 7, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  137. ^ “M 6.1 – Solomon Islands”. United States Geological Survey. November 7, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  138. ^ “M 6.0 Nuclear Explosion – eastern Kazakhstan”. United States Geological Survey. November 29, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  139. ^ “M 7.7 – Oaxaca, Mexico”. United States Geological Survey. November 29, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  140. ^ “M 7.7 – Oaxaca, Mexico”. United States Geological Survey. November 29, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  141. ^ “Significant Earthquake: MEXICO: OAXACA”. National Geophysical Data Center. November 29, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  142. ^ “M 6.0 – Solomon Islands”. United States Geological Survey. December 1, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  143. ^ “M 6.0 – Solomon Islands”. United States Geological Survey. December 1, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  144. ^ “M 6.7 – Kuril Islands”. United States Geological Survey. December 6, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  145. ^ “M 6.7 – Kuril Islands”. United States Geological Survey. December 6, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  146. ^ “Significant Earthquake: RUSSIA: KURIL ISLANDS”. National Geophysical Data Center. December 6, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  147. ^ “M 6.9 – Mindanao, Philippines”. United States Geological Survey. December 12, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  148. ^ “M 6.9 – Mindanao, Philippines”. United States Geological Survey. December 12, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  149. ^ “M 6.2 – western Iran”. United States Geological Survey. December 14, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  150. ^ “M 6.2 – western Iran”. United States Geological Survey. December 14, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  151. ^ “Significant Earthquake: IRAN: MASJED-E-SOLEYMAN”. National Geophysical Data Center. December 14, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  152. ^ “M 6.0 Nuclear Explosion – Russia-Kazakhstan border region”. United States Geological Survey. December 18, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  153. ^ “M 6.3 – Solomon Islands”. United States Geological Survey. December 21, 1978. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
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