[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/list-of-nuclear-power-systems-in-space\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/list-of-nuclear-power-systems-in-space\/","headline":"List of nuclear power systems in space","name":"List of nuclear power systems in space","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This list of nuclear power systems in space includes nuclear power systems that were flown","datePublished":"2021-05-20","dateModified":"2021-05-20","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png","height":"12","width":"23"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/list-of-nuclear-power-systems-in-space\/","wordCount":18558,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis list of nuclear power systems in space includes nuclear power systems that were flown to space, or at least launched in an attempt to reach space. Such used nuclear power systems include:Systems never launched are not included here, see Nuclear power in space.Initial total power is provided as either electrical power (We) or thermal power (Wt), depending on the intended application.NationMissionLaunchedFate \/ locationTechnologyNuclear fuelPower (nominal)Ref\u00a0USAMars 2020\/Perseverance2020Mars surfaceMMRTG238Pu110 We[1]\u00a0USATransit-4A1961Earth orbitRTG SNAP-3B238Pu2.7\u00a0We[2]\u00a0USATransit-4B1961Earth orbitRTG SNAP-3B238Pu2.7\u00a0We[2]\u00a0USATransit 5BN-11963Earth orbitRTG SNAP-9A238Pu25.2\u00a0We[2]\u00a0USATransit 5BN-21963Earth orbitRTG SNAP-9A238Pu26.8\u00a0We[2]\u00a0USATransit 5BN-31964Failed to reach orbit, burned up in atmosphere.RTG SNAP-9A238Pu25\u00a0We[3]\u00a0USASNAPSHOT1965low graveyard orbit in 1300\u00a0km heightfission reactor SNAP-10A235U (uranium-zirconium hydride)500\u00a0We[2]\u00a0USANimbus B (Nimbus-B1)1968-05-18crashed at launch, radioactive material from RTG recovered from ocean and reusedRTG SNAP-19B (2)238Pu56\u00a0We[2][4]\u00a0USANimbus 3 (Nimbus-B2)1969-04-14Earth re-entry 1972RTG SNAP-19B (2)238Pu56\u00a0We[2]\u00a0USANimbus IV1970Earth orbitRTG SNAP-19[5]\u00a0USANimbus V1972Earth orbitRTG SNAP-19[5]\u00a0USANimbus VI1975Earth orbit, damagedRTG SNAP-19[5]\u00a0USANimbus VII1978Earth orbit, damagedRTG SNAP-19[5]\u00a0USAApollo 111969RHU (2)30\u00a0Wt[2]\u00a0USAApollo 12 ALSEP1969Lunar surface (Ocean of Storms)[6]SNAP-27238Pu73.6\u00a0We[2]\u00a0USAApollo 13 ALSEP1970Earth re-entry (Pacific Ocean, Tonga Trench)RTG SNAP-27238Pu73\u00a0We[2]\u00a0USAApollo 14 ALSEP1971Lunar surface (Fra Mauro)RTG SNAP-27238Pu72.5\u00a0We[2]\u00a0USAApollo 15 ALSEP1971Lunar surface (Hadley\u2013Apennine)RTG SNAP-27238Pu74.7\u00a0We[2]\u00a0USAPioneer 101972Ejected from Solar SystemRTG SNAP-19 (4) + RHU (12)238Pu162.8\u00a0We + 12\u00a0Wt[2]\u00a0USAApollo 16 ALSEP1972Lunar surface (Descartes Highlands)RTG SNAP-27238Pu70.9\u00a0We[2]\u00a0USATRAID-01-1X1972Earth orbitRTG SNAP-19238Pu35.6\u00a0We[2]\u00a0USAApollo 17 ALSEP1972Lunar surface (Taurus\u2013Littrow)RTG SNAP-27238Pu75.4\u00a0We[2]\u00a0USAPioneer 111973Ejected from Solar SystemRTG SNAP-19 (4) + RHU (12)238Pu159.6\u00a0We + 12\u00a0Wt[2]\u00a0USAViking 11976Mars surface (Chryse Planitia)lander modified RTG SNAP-19 (2)238Pu84.6\u00a0We[2]\u00a0USAViking 21976Mars surface (Utopia Planitia)lander modified RTG SNAP-19 (2)238Pu86.2\u00a0We[2]\u00a0USALES-81976Near geostationary orbitMHW-RTG (2)238Pu307.4\u00a0We[2]\u00a0USALES-91976Near geostationary orbitMHW-RTG (2)238Pu308.4\u00a0We[2]\u00a0USAVoyager 11977Ejected from Solar SystemMHW-RTG (3) + RHU(9)238Pu477.6\u00a0We + 9\u00a0Wt[2]\u00a0USAVoyager 21977Ejected from Solar SystemMHW-RTG (3)  + RHU(9)238Pu470.1\u00a0We + 9\u00a0Wt[2]\u00a0USAGalileo1989Jupiter atmospheric entryGPHS-RTG (2)576.8\u00a0We[2]\u00a0USAUlysses1990Heliocentric orbitGPHS-RTG283\u00a0We[2]\u00a0USACassini1997burned-up in Saturn’s AtmosphereGPHS-RTG (3)238Pu887\u00a0We\u00a0USANew Horizons2006Pluto and beyondGPHS-RTG (1)238Pu249.6\u00a0We\u00a0USAMSL\/Curiosity rover2011Mars surfaceMMRTG238Pu113\u00a0We\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 841965Earth orbitOrion-1 RTG210Po[5][7]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 901965Earth orbitOrion-1 RTG210Po[5][7]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 198 (RORSAT)1967-12-27Earth orbitfission reactor BES-5\u00a0??235U[5][8]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 209 (RORSAT)1968-03-22Earth orbitfission reactor BES-5\u00a0??235U[5][8]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 305 (Moon)1969-10-22failed to leave Earth orbit towards the Moon, burned up in atmosphere 2 days after launch??????[5][9][10][11]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 367 (RORSAT)1970-10-03Earth orbit, 579 mile altitudefission reactor BES-5\u00a0??235U2\u00a0kWe[5][8][12]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 402 (RORSAT)1971Earth orbitfission reactor BES-5\u00a0??235U2\u00a0kWe[5][8]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 469 (RORSAT)1971high orbitfission reactor BES-5 (officially confirmed)235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 5161972High orbited 1972fission reactor BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionRORSAT1973Launch failure over Pacific Ocean, near Japanfission reactor BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 6261973Earth orbitfission reactor BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 6511974BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 6541974BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 7231975BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 7241975BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 7851975failed after reaching orbitBES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 8601976BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 8611976BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 9521977BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 9541977exploded on re-entry 1978 (over Canada)BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 1176198011788\/11971 Earth orbit 870\u2013970\u00a0kmBES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 12491981BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 12661981BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 12991981BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 14021982Earth re-entry 1983 (South Atlantic)BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 13721982BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 13651982BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 14121982BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 14611983earth orbit, explodedBES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[5]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 15971984BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 16071984High orbited 1985BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 16701985High orbited 1985BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 16771985High orbited 1985BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 17361986High orbited 1986BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 17711986High orbited 1986BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 19001987earth orbit, 454 mile altitudeBES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13][12]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 18601987fission reactor BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 19321988Earth orbit 800\u2013900\u00a0kmfission reactor BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 16821985High orbited 1986fission reactor BES-5235U2\u00a0kWe[13]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 1818 (RORSAT)1987destroyed in high earth orbitfission reactor Topaz-I235U5\u00a0kWe[14]\u00a0Soviet UnionKosmos 1867 (RORSAT)1987parked in high earth orbitfission reactor Topaz-I235U5\u00a0kWe[15]\u00a0Soviet UnionLunokhod 2011969-02-19rocket exploded at launch, radioactive material from RHU spread over RussiaRHU210Po[16]\u00a0Soviet UnionLunokhod 11970Lunar surfaceRHU210Po[16]\u00a0Soviet UnionLunokhod 21973Lunar surfaceRHU210Po[16]\u00a0RussiaMars 961996Launch failure, entered Pacific OceanRHU (4)238Pu[16]\u00a0ChinaChang’e 3 and Yutu2013Lunar surfaceseveral RHU’s, RTG (??) (some electricity provided by solar panels)238Pu[17][18]See also[edit]References[edit]^ mars.nasa.gov. “Electrical Power”. mars.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2021-02-25.^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y “Atomic Power in Space II: A History 2015” (PDF). inl.gov. Idaho National Laboratory. September 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2018.^ “Transit”. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2013.^ A. Angelo Jr. and D. Buden (1985). Space Nuclear Power. Krieger Publishing Company. ISBN\u00a00-89464-000-3.^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Hagen, Regina (November 8, 1998). “Nuclear Powered Space Missions – Past and Future”. space4peace.org. Retrieved 13 June 2018.^ David M. Harland (2011). Apollo 12 – On the Ocean of Storms. Springer Science & Business Media. p.\u00a0269. ISBN\u00a0978-1-4419-7607-9.^ a b Bennett, Gary L. (August 6, 1989). “A LOOK AT THE SOVIET SPACE NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAM” (PDF). International Forum on Energy Engineering. NASA Propulsion, Power and Energy Division. IECEC-89. Retrieved 25 June 2018.^ a b c d Sven Grahn. “The US-A program (Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellites)”. svengrahn.pp.se. Retrieved 2020-05-12.^ Encyclopedia Astronautica article on the US-A RORSAT programme.^ “USSR – Luna Programme”.^ “NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details”.^ a b “Top 10 Space Age Radiation Incidents”. 20 January 2012.^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae “US-A”. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Mark Wade. 14 September 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-09-14. Retrieved 13 June 2018.^ “Old Russian Nuclear Satellite Returns”. Spacedaily.com. Retrieved 2016-02-23.^ Lardier, Christian; Barensky, Stefan (March 27, 2018). The Proton Launcher: History and Developments. Wiley-ISTE. ISBN\u00a0978-1786301765.^ a b c d Karacal\u0131o\u011flu, G\u00f6ktu\u011f (January 6, 2014). “Energy Resources for Space Missions”. Space Safety Magazine. Retrieved January 18, 2014.^ SUN, ZeZhou; JIA, Yang; ZHANG, He (November 2013). “Technological advancements and promotion roles of Chang’e-3 lunar probe mission”. Science China. 56 (11): 2702\u20132708. Bibcode:2013ScChE..56.2702S. doi:10.1007\/s11431-013-5377-0. S2CID\u00a0111801601. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 25 December 2013.^ “Chang’e-3 – Satellite Missions”. earth.esa.int. ESA. Retrieved 12 June 2018."},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki43\/list-of-nuclear-power-systems-in-space\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"List of nuclear power systems in space"}}]}]