[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/ambulacraria-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/ambulacraria-wikipedia\/","headline":"Ambulacraria – Wikipedia","name":"Ambulacraria – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Clade of deuterostomes containing echinoderms and hemichordates Ambulacraria , or Coelomopora , is a clade","datePublished":"2015-02-22","dateModified":"2015-02-22","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","height":"1","width":"1"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/ambulacraria-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2945,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaClade of deuterostomes containing echinoderms and hemichordatesAmbulacraria , or Coelomopora , is a clade of invertebrate phyla that includes echinoderms and hemichordates;[1] a member of this group is called an ambulacrarian. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the echinoderms and hemichordates separated around 533 million years ago.[2] The Ambulacraria are part of the deuterostomes, a larger clade that also includes the Chordata, Vetulicolia.The two living clades with representative organisms are:(These together sometimes are called the lower deuterostomes.[3])Whether the Xenacoelomorpha clade is the sister group to the Ambulacraria remains a contentious issue, with some authors arguing that the former should be placed more basally among metazoans,[4][5][6] and other authors asserting that the best choices of phylogenetic methods support the position of Xenacoelomorpha as the sister group to Ambulacraria.[7][8]Fossil taxa that may lie on the stem lineage:Ontogeny[edit]As for many animals, the egg cell of any extant ambulacrarian by cell division develops into a blastula (“cell ball”), which develops into a triploblast (“three-layered”) gastrula. The gastrula then develops into a dipleurula larva form in the Asteroidea, Holothuroidea, Chrinoidea, and Hemichordata, and into a pluteus larva form in the Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea.[3][10] This, in its turn, is developed in various different kinds of larvae for different taxa of ambulacrarians.It has been suggested that the adult form of the last common ancestor of the ambulacrarians was anatomically similar to the dipleurula larvae, whence this hypothetic ancestor sometimes also is called dipleurula.[11]References[edit]^ Cannon, Johanna Taylor; Vellutini, Bruno Cossermelli; Smith, Julian; Ronquist, Fredrik; Jondelius, Ulf; Hejnol, Andreas (2016). “Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa”. Nature. 530 (7588): 89\u201393. Bibcode:2016Natur.530…89C. doi:10.1038\/nature16520. PMID\u00a026842059. S2CID\u00a0205247296.^ Sea Cucumber Genome Imparts Insight on Genes Linked to Organ Regeneration^ a b Lacalli, Thurston Castle. “Tutorial”. Marine Invertebrate larvae: A study in morphological diversity. University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 2020-01-13.^ Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Giribet, Gonzalo; Dunn, Casey W.; Hejnol, Andreas; Kristensen, Reinhardt M.; Neves, Ricardo C.; Rouse, Greg W.; Worsaae, Katrine; S\u00f8rensen, Martin V. (June 2011). “Higher-level metazoan relationships: recent progress and remaining questions”. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution. 11 (2): 151\u2013172. doi:10.1007\/s13127-011-0044-4. S2CID\u00a032169826.^ Rouse, Greg W.; Wilson, Nerida G.; Carvajal, Jose I.; Vriejenhoek, Robert C. (4 February 2016). “New deep-sea species of Xenoturbella and the position of Xenacoelomorpha”. Nature. 530 (2): 94\u201397. Bibcode:2016Natur.530…94R. doi:10.1038\/nature16545. PMID\u00a026842060. S2CID\u00a03870574.^ Cannon, Johanna Taylor; Vellutini, Bruno Cossermelli; Smith III, Julian; Ronquist, Frederik; Jondelius, Ulf; Hejnol, Andreas (4 February 2016). “Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa”. Nature. 530 (2): 89\u201393. Bibcode:2016Natur.530…89C. doi:10.1038\/nature16520. PMID\u00a026842059. S2CID\u00a0205247296.^ Herve Philippe;  et\u00a0al. (3 June 2019). “Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria”. Current Biology. 29 (11): 1818\u20131826. doi:10.1016\/j.cub.2019.04.009. PMID\u00a031104936.^ Paschalia Kapli; Maximilian J. Telford (11 December 2020). “Topology-dependent asymmetry in systematic errors affects phylogenetic placement of Ctenophora and Xenacoelomorpha”. Science Advances. 6 (50): eabc5162. Bibcode:2020SciA….6.5162K. doi:10.1126\/sciadv.abc5162. PMC\u00a07732190. PMID\u00a033310849.^ Caron, J.; Conway Morris, S.; Shu, D. (2010). “Tentaculate fossils from the Cambrian of Canada (British Columbia) and China (Yunnan) interpreted as primitive deuterostomes”. PLOS ONE. 5 (3): e9586. Bibcode:2010PLoSO…5.9586C. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0009586. PMC\u00a02833208. PMID\u00a020221405.^ Byrne, Maria; Nakajima, Yoko; Chee, Francis C.; Burke, Robert D. (2007). “Apical organs in echinoderm larvae: insights into larval evolution in the Ambulacraria”. Evolution & Development. 9: 434\u2013435, 438\u2013440. doi:10.1111\/j.1525-142X.2007.00189.x.^ “Dipleurula”. Lexikon der Biologie (in German). Spektrum Akademischer Verlag. Heidelberg. 1999. Retrieved 2020-01-13."},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/ambulacraria-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Ambulacraria – Wikipedia"}}]}]