[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/gibberellic-acid-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/gibberellic-acid-wikipedia\/","headline":"Gibberellic acid – Wikipedia","name":"Gibberellic acid – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the chemical. For its function in plants, see Gibberellin. Gibberellic acid","datePublished":"2022-05-13","dateModified":"2022-05-13","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/book.png","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/book.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ac\/Gibberellic_acid.svg\/240px-Gibberellic_acid.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ac\/Gibberellic_acid.svg\/240px-Gibberellic_acid.svg.png","height":"135","width":"240"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/gibberellic-acid-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2684,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis article is about the chemical. For its function in plants, see Gibberellin.Gibberellic acidNamesIUPAC name(3S,3aS,4S,4aS,7S,9aR,9bR,12S)-7,12-Dihydroxy-3-methyl-6-methylene-2-oxoperhydro-4a,7-methano-9b,3-propenoazuleno[1,2-b]furan-4-carboxylic acidIdentifiers54346ChEBIChEMBLChemSpiderDrugBankECHA InfoCard100.000.911 EC NumberKEGGUNIIInChI=1S\/C19H22O6\/c1-9-7-17-8-18(9,24)5-3-10(17)19-6-4-11(20)16(2,15(23)25-19)13(19)12(17)14(21)22\/h4,6,10-13,20,24H,1,3,5,7-8H2,2H3,(H,21,22)\/t10-,11+,12-,13-,16+,17+,18+,19-\/m1\/s1\u00a0YKey:\u00a0IXORZMNAPKEEDV-SNTJWBGVSA-N\u00a0YInChI=1\/C19H22O6\/c1-9-7-17-8-18(9,24)5-3-10(17)19-6-4-11(20)16(2,15(23)25-19)13(19)12(17)14(21)22\/h4,6,10-13,20,24H,1,3,5,7-8H2,2H3,(H,21,22)\/t10-,11+,12-,13-,16+,17+,18+,19-\/m1\/s1Key:\u00a0IXORZMNAPKEEDV-SNTJWBGVBWO=C1O[C@@]52C=C\/[C@H](O)[C@]1([C@H]5[C@H](C(=O)O)[C@]43[C@H]2CC[C@@](O)(C(=C)C3)C4)CPropertiesC19H22O6Molar mass346.379\u00a0g\u00b7mol\u22121Melting point233 to 235\u00a0\u00b0C (451 to 455\u00a0\u00b0F; 506 to 508\u00a0K) (decomposition)5 g\/L (20 \u00b0C)HazardsGHS labelling:WarningH319P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25\u00a0\u00b0C [77\u00a0\u00b0F], 100\u00a0kPa).Chemical compoundGibberellic acid (also called gibberellin A3 or GA3) is a hormone found in plants and fungi.[1] Its chemical formula is C19H22O6. When purified, it is a white to pale-yellow solid.Plants in their normal state produce large amounts of GA3. It is possible to produce the hormone industrially using microorganisms.[2]  Gibberellic acid is a simple gibberellin, a pentacyclic diterpene acid promoting growth and elongation of cells. It affects decomposition of plants and helps plants grow if used in small amounts, but eventually plants develop tolerance to it.[citation needed] GA stimulates the cells of germinating seeds to produce mRNA molecules that code for hydrolytic enzymes. Gibberellic acid is a very potent hormone whose natural occurrence in plants controls their development. Since GA regulates growth, applications of very low concentrations can have a profound effect while too much will have the opposite effect.[3] It is usually used in concentrations between 0.01 and 10\u00a0mg\/L.[citation needed]GA was first identified in Japan in 1926, as a metabolic by-product of the plant pathogen Gibberella fujikuroi (thus the name), which afflicts rice plants. Fujikuroi-infected plants develop bakanae (“foolish seedling”), which causes them to rapidly elongate beyond their normal adult height. The plants subsequently lodge due to lack of support, and die.[2]Gibberellins have a number of effects on plant development. They can stimulate rapid stem and root growth, induce mitotic division in the leaves of some plants, and increase seed germination rates.[4]Gibberellic acid is sometimes used in laboratory and greenhouse settings to trigger germination in seeds that would otherwise remain dormant.[3] It is also widely used in the grape-growing industry as a hormone to induce the production of larger bunches and bigger grapes, especially Thompson seedless grapes. In the Okanagan and Creston valleys, it is also used as a growth regulator in the cherry industry.  It is used on Clementine Mandarin oranges, which may otherwise cross-pollinate with other citrus and produce undesirable seeds.  Applied directly on the blossoms as a spray, it allows for Clementines to produce a full crop of seedless fruit.GA is widely used in the barley malting industry. A GA solution is sprayed on the barley after the steeping process is completed. This stimulates growth in otherwise partly dormant kernels and produces a uniform and rapid growth.See also[edit]References[edit]^ Silva ALL, Rodrigues C, Costa JL, Machado MP, Penha RO, Biasi LA, Vandenberghe LPS, Soccol CR (2013). “Gibberellic acid fermented extract obtained by solid-state fermentation using citric pulp by Fusarium moniliforme: Influence on Lavandula angustifolia Mill. cultivated in vitro” (PDF). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 45 (6): 2057\u20132064. Retrieved 26 November 2014.^ a b Camara, M. C. et al (2015) General Aspects and Applications of Gibberelins and Gibberellic Acid in Plants. In: Hardy, J.. (Org.). Gibberellins and Gibberellic Acid: Biosynthesis, Regulation and Physiological Effects. 1ed.Hauppauge: Nova Science Publishers, 2015, v., p. 1-21.^ a b Riley, John M. “Gibberellic Acid for Fruit Set and Seed Germination”. Retrieved 26 Oct 2012.^ Edwards, Miriam (1976). “Dormancy in Seeds of Charlock (Sinapis arvensis L.)”. Plant Physiol. 58 (5): 626\u2013630. doi:10.1104\/pp.58.5.626. PMC\u00a0542271. PMID\u00a016659732."},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/gibberellic-acid-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Gibberellic acid – Wikipedia"}}]}]