[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/organotellurium-chemistry-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/organotellurium-chemistry-wikipedia\/","headline":"Organotellurium chemistry – Wikipedia","name":"Organotellurium chemistry – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Organotellurium chemistry describes the synthesis and properties of chemical compounds containing a carbon-tellurium chemical bond.","datePublished":"2014-08-07","dateModified":"2014-08-07","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/70\/DAPDAA.png\/220px-DAPDAA.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/70\/DAPDAA.png\/220px-DAPDAA.png","height":"197","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/organotellurium-chemistry-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2307,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaOrganotellurium chemistry describes the synthesis and properties of chemical compounds containing a carbon-tellurium chemical bond. Organotellurium chemistry is a lightly studied area, in part because of the few applications.[1][2]Table of ContentsFunctional groups[edit]Synthesis and reactions[edit]Reduced organoTe compounds[edit]Derivatives of TeCl4[edit]Telluroxides[edit]Applications[edit]References[edit]Functional groups[edit]The Te analogues of common organosulfur and organoselenium functional groups are known.  Tellurols are however unstable with respect to oxidation to the ditellurides.  Commonly encountered organotellurium compounds are diorganomono- and ditellurides, R2Te and (RTe)2, respectively. Two other families of organoTe(IV) compounds are well developed: R4\u2212xTeClx and the telluroxides (R2TeO).Synthesis and reactions[edit]Reduced organoTe compounds[edit]Reduced organoTe compounds are commonly obtained from NaHTe and lithium telluride:Li2Te + 2\u00a0RBr \u2192 R2Te + 2\u00a0LiBrA direct route to organolithium compounds starts from reactions of organolithium or Grignard reagents and Te:Te + ArLi \u2192 ArTeLiButyl lithium gives the telluride similarly:[3]Te + BuLi \u2192 BuTeLiOrganotelluride anions can be oxidized or alkylated:2\u00a0RTeLi + 0.5 O2 + H2O \u2192 RTeTeR + 2\u00a0LiOHRTeLi + R’Br \u2192 RTeR’ + LiBrDiorganoditellurides are valued intermediates, especially the aryl derivatives such as diphenyl ditelluride:Ar2Te2 + RLi \u2192 RTeAr + LiTeRPh2Te2 + 2\u00a0Li \u2192  2\u00a0LiTePhDerivatives of TeCl4[edit]  Structure of PhTeCl4\u2212. Selected distances: Te-Cl = 250-253, Te-C = 213 pm.[4]One departure from sulfur and selenium chemistry is the availability of the tetrachloride, TeCl4.[5] It reacts with arenes to give aryltellurium trichlorides:[6]ArH + TeCl4 \u2192 ArTeCl3 + HClFor electron-rich arenes, the disubstitution occursArH + ArTeCl3 \u2192  Ar2TeCl2 + HClTellurium tetrachloride adds across alkenes and alkynes to the chloro tellurium trichlorides:RCH=CH2 + TeCl4 \u2192 RCH(Cl)-CH2TeCl3Organotellurium trichlorides adopt dimeric structures, reflecting the Lewis acidity of the Te(IV) center. The dimers are cleaved by halides and other Lewis bases:[7]RTeCl3 + Cl\u2212 \u2192 RTeCl4\u2212The anions RTeCl4\u2212 (and the related adducts RTeCl3L) adopt square pyramidal structures with the electronegative groups in the plane.Organotellurium(IV) chlorides are susceptible to substitution reactions where by chloride is replaced by other halides and pseudohalides.  The TeClx group can also be removed with Raney nickel.[6]OrganoTe(IV) compounds participate in Stille reactions:[8]Telluroxides[edit]Telluroxides are generally related to sulfoxides and selenoxides in terms of their structures.  Unlike their lighter analogues however, they polymerize (reversibly) when crystallized. Analogous to selenoxide oxidation, allylic telluroxides undergo [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements forming allylic alcohols after hydrolysis. Also analogous to the selenoxide elimination,  certain telluroxides give alkenes upon heating.Applications[edit]Dimethyl telluride is used to in metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy where it serves as a volatile source of Te.  It is the only organotellurium compound that has been quantified in environmental samples.[9]References[edit]^ Nicola Petragnani, Tellurium in Organic Synthesiss 1994, Academic Press, New York. ISBN\u00a00-12-552810-8^ M. Detty, M. O’Regan, Tellurium-Containing Heterocycles., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1994 ISBN\u00a00-471-63395-X^ Nobuaki Kambe, Toru Inoue, Noboru Sonoda (1995). “Generation of N,N-Diethylcarbamoyllithium Via Lithium-Tellurium Exchange and Its Reaction with 3-Phenylpropanal: N,N-Diethyl-2-Hydroxy-4-Phenylbutanamide”. Organic Syntheses. 72: 154. doi:10.15227\/orgsyn.072.0154.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)^ Beckmann, Jens; Duthie, Andrew; Moran, Steven (2005). “Crystallographic report: Bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium Phenyltetrachlorotellurate”. Applied Organometallic Chemistry. 19 (5): 690\u2013691. doi:10.1002\/aoc.798.^ Lars Engman, “Tellurium(IV) Chloride” E-EROS. 2001.  doi:10.1002\/047084289X.rt003^ a b J. Bergman, R. Carlsson, B. Sj\u00f6berg (1977). “Biaryls from Simple Arenes via Organotellurium Intermediates: 4,4′-Dimethoxy-1,1′-biphenyl”. Organic Syntheses. 57: 18. doi:10.15227\/orgsyn.057.0018.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)^ Beckmann, Jens; Heitz, Stephan; Hesse, Malte (2007). “Four Distinctively Different Decomposition Pathways of Metastable Supermesityltellurium(IV) Trichloride”. Inorganic Chemistry. 46 (8): 3275\u20133282. doi:10.1021\/ic062469m. PMID\u00a017375915.^ Palladium- and copper-catalyzed cross-coupling and carbonylative cross-coupling of organotellurium compounds with organostannanes (Chem. Commun. 1999, 2117) – Royal Society of Chemistry Suk-Ku Kang, Sang-Woo Lee and Hyung-Chul Ryu Link^ Wallschl\u00e4ger, D.; Feldmann, F. (2010). Formation, Occurrence, Significance, and Analysis of Organoselenium and Organotellurium Compounds in the Environment. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol.\u00a07, Organometallics in Environment and Toxicology. RSC Publishing. pp.\u00a0319\u2013364. ISBN\u00a0978-1-84755-177-1.Compounds of carbon with other elements in the periodic tableLegendChemical bonds to carbonCore organic chemistryMany uses in chemistryAcademic research, no widespread useBond unknown"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/organotellurium-chemistry-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Organotellurium chemistry – Wikipedia"}}]}]