[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/wind-power-in-new-zealand\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/wind-power-in-new-zealand\/","headline":"Wind power in New Zealand","name":"Wind power in New Zealand","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Overview of wind power in New Zealand The Windflow 500 is New Zealand’s only locally","datePublished":"2018-08-25","dateModified":"2018-08-25","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/eb\/Windflow%27s_prototype_windmill.jpg\/220px-Windflow%27s_prototype_windmill.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/eb\/Windflow%27s_prototype_windmill.jpg\/220px-Windflow%27s_prototype_windmill.jpg","height":"293","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/wind-power-in-new-zealand\/","wordCount":7051,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaOverview of wind power in New Zealand  The Windflow 500 is New Zealand’s only locally designed and manufactured wind turbine.Wind power constitutes a small but growing proportion of New Zealand’s electricity. As of December 2020, wind power accounts for 690\u00a0MW of installed capacity and over 5 percent of electricity generated in the country.[1][needs update]New Zealand has abundant wind resources.The country is in the path of the Roaring Forties, strong and constant westerly winds, and the funneling effect of Cook Strait and the Manawatu Gorge increase the resource’s potential. Over three-quarters (512\u00a0MW) of the country’s wind generation is installed within a 150\u00a0km (93\u00a0mi) radius of Palmerston North, with some turbines in the area having a capacity factor of over 50 percent.[2]Table of ContentsGeneration capacity and expansion[edit]Wind potential[edit]Public opinion[edit]Coping with intermittency[edit]List of operating wind farms[edit]Proposed and under construction[edit]Abandoned[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Generation capacity and expansion[edit]Large wind farms (>5MW) in New Zealand.As of December 2020, New Zealand had an installed wind generation capacity of 690\u00a0MW.[1] In the 2020 calendar year, wind power produced 2,282\u00a0GWh of electricity, 5.5 percent of the country’s electricity generation that year.[1]A further 2,500 MW of wind farms have received resource consent.[3]The New Zealand Wind Energy Association predicts that wind could reach 20 percent of New Zealand’s annual generation by 2035.[4]Wind potential[edit]  New Zealand has outstanding wind resources, due to its position astride the Roaring Forties, resulting in nearly continuous strong westerly winds over many locations, unimpeded by other nearby landmasses at similar latitude.[5] One study found that using 1% of total available land for wind farms would produce approximately 100,000 gigawatt hours (GWh) per year.[6] This is roughly two times the annual electricity consumption of New Zealand.  Nearly continuous, however, does not mean continuous: high-pressure weather systems, for instance, sometimes cover the entire country, resulting in no significant winds anywhere, and dispatchable sources like hydro and gas must take over.The strength and consistency of New Zealand winds means the nationwide capacity factor is high compared to other countries, averaging between 30 and 35 percent, with some individual turbines recording capacity factors above 50 percent.Public opinion[edit]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it.  (January 2021)Wind farms and turbines generate a wide range of opinions from outright opposition to widespread acceptance. Opposition is due to noise, aesthetics and ecological factors.Coping with intermittency[edit]Wind farms partner well with hydro plants on the same grid to create combined power plants, because hydro plants can be uprated with extra turbine units to provide highly dispatchable peak generating capacity above the average flows of their rivers, at lower cost than other peak power options.[7] During periods of high wind and low electricity demand, a hydro plant can reduce its output to accumulate water in its reservoir, whilst wind power handles a higher share of the grid load. Then during periods of low wind, the hydro plant can raise its output temporarily, drawing down its reservoir a bit. Given New Zealand’s large proportion of hydroelectric generating capacity, it is better-positioned than most nations to uprate its generating stations and grid to handle intermittent power sources such as wind and solar. The available virtual energy storage represented by hydro plants can be one of the main factors limiting the maximum amount of wind and solar power that a grid can accommodate. Further increases in intermittent power source development may require construction of pumped-storage hydroelectricity and implementation of energy demand management techniques.List of operating wind farms[edit]Only wind turbines and farms over 5\u00a0MW generating capacity are listed.Individual demonstration and prototype wind turbines have been installed at Southbridge in Canterbury,[8] Gebbies Pass near Christchurch and Brooklyn in Wellington.Many small windmills serve as windpumps on New Zealand farms.Meridian Energy also operates a 1 MW wind farm on Ross Island, Antarctica. It is not included in the above list as it does not contribute electricity to the New Zealand national electricity network.[16][17]Proposed and under construction[edit]Abandoned[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]^ a b c “Energy in New Zealand 2021”. MBIE. August 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2021.^ Bradley, Grant Bradley, Grant (7 June 2011). “Wellington winds too windy for wind farm”. The New Zealand Herald. ISSN\u00a01170-0777. Retrieved 25 March 2018.^ “New Zealand’s wind farms”. New Zealand Wind Energy Association. Retrieved 5 June 2019.^ “Wind Energy to be 20% of NZ Generation by 2035”. New Zealand Wind Energy Association. Retrieved 5 June 2019.^ “New Zealand wind resource”. New Zealand Wind Energy Association. 10 January 2008. Archived from the original on 10 January 2008. Retrieved 8 August 2008.^ “New Zealand’s Wind Resource”. New Zealand Wind Energy Association. Archived from the original on 20 March 2007. Retrieved 8 March 2008.^ “Hydroelectric Power” (PDF). United States Bureau of Reclamation. Retrieved 13 October 2008.^ New Zealand Wind Energy Association \u2013 Southbridge Wind Turbine Archived 4 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine^ “List of Generating Stations”. New Zealand Electricity Authority. November 2010. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 25 January 2011.^ “Flat Hill”. New Zealand Wind Energy Association. Retrieved 14 August 2015.^ MCleod, Hannah (1 September 2015). “New Bluff wind farm can power 2500 homes”. stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 20 October 2017.^ “Meridian’s new windfarm open”. Dominion-Post. 8 January 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.^ “Proposed Mt Stuart Windfarm Information”. Clutha District Council. Archived from the original on 1 March 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2009.^ Cook, Alexa (8 May 2021). “First stage of Mercury’s Turitea Wind Farm to be switched on in October after year-long delay”. Newshub. Retrieved 9 June 2021.^ “Wind power blows in to South Taranaki”. Stuff. 17 November 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.^ “Ross Island wind farm”. New Zealand Wind Energy Association. Archived from the original on 17 November 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2009.^ “McCully opens Antarctic wind farm”. The New Zealand Herald. 16 January 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2010.^ Rachel Kelly (1 December 2022). “Southern Generation proposes to build a wind farm at Southland’s Jericho Station”. Stuff. Retrieved 1 December 2022.^ Chug, Kiran (2 April 2011). “Planned wind farm would be biggest”. Stuff. Fairfax. Retrieved 2 April 2011.^ Lawrence Gullery (28 September 2018). “Wind farm’s towering turbines worry nearby Te Aroha residents”. Stuff. Retrieved 17 June 2021.^ “THE KAIWAIKAWE WIND FARM”. Mercury Energy. Retrieved 5 September 2022.^ Rachael Kelly (4 October 2022). “Earthworks begin at Mercury Energy’s $115m Kaiwera wind farm”. Stuff. Retrieved 20 October 2022.^ Robyn Bristow (22 April 2021). “Construction of South Island’s largest wind farm to start soon in Nth Canterbury”. Otago Daily Times. Retrieved 27 June 2021.^ “Central Wind project”. Meridian Energy. Retrieved 15 February 2021.^ Rachel Young (18 April 2013). “31 wind turbines for Hurunui”. Stuff. Retrieved 27 June 2021.^ Janine Rankin (5 June 2013). “Puketoi wind farm gets final go-ahead”. Stuff. Retrieved 27 June 2021.^ Janine Rankin (18 March 2023). “Winding road to turbine sites provides lessons for next wind farm projects”. Stuff. Retrieved 18 March 2023.^ “New Zealand’s first offshore wind farm gets underway in Taranaki”. Stuff. 2 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.^ Rankin, Janine (9 January 2023). “Palmerston North has work in the pipeline to soften recessionary forces”. Stuff. Retrieved 16 January 2023.^ “$6 billion-plus wind farm investment blowing Waikato’s way”. Stuff. 11 November 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2022.^ “Windfarm backtrack has heavy cost”. Stuff. 21 August 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2021.^ “Mt Maungatua wind-farm proposal grows 25%”. Otago Daily Times. 15 July 2008.^ 6 month report to 31 December 2008, NZ Windfarms Limited, 2 March 2009. Quote: “the WindPower Maungatua wind farm … is now unlikely to proceed in the near future, if at all”.^ “Wind farm development abandoned”. Otago Daily Times. 29 August 2009.^ “Notice of Decision” (PDF). Joint Hearings Commissioners. Retrieved 14 February 2009.^ Miller, Grant (25 August 2009). “Wind farm idea off table as liquidators surrender consent”. The Manawatu Standard.^ “Windfarm investigation blows on”. Northern News. 9 October 2007. Retrieved 3 December 2011.^ Alana Dixon (15 April 2011). “Slopedown wind farm not a priority: Genesis”. Stuff. Retrieved 27 June 2021.^ NZPA (2 February 2006). “Three wind farms planned for Waikato”. The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 22 March 2011.^ “Taharoa”. New Zealand Wind Energy Association. Retrieved 27 June 2021.^ McKay, Christine (31 August 2016). “Surprise at windfarm consent expiry”. The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 15 February 2021.External links[edit]"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki5\/wind-power-in-new-zealand\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Wind power in New Zealand"}}]}]