[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki6\/nguon-language-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki6\/nguon-language-wikipedia\/","headline":"Ngu\u1ed3n language – Wikipedia","name":"Ngu\u1ed3n language – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Vietic language spoken in Southeast Asia Ngu\u1ed3n (also N\u0103m Nguy\u00ean) is a Vietic","datePublished":"2014-01-08","dateModified":"2014-01-08","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki6\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki6\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1c\/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg\/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1c\/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg\/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png","height":"14","width":"20"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki6\/nguon-language-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2979,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Vietic language spoken in Southeast AsiaNgu\u1ed3n (also N\u0103m Nguy\u00ean) is a Vietic language spoken by the Ngu\u1ed3n people in the Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n mountains in Vietnam’s North Central Coast region as well as in nearby regions of Laos.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Most Ngu\u1ed3n speakers in Vietnam live in the secluded Minh H\u00f3a district of Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh Province, with others in the area around \u0110\u1ed3ng L\u00ea, the seat of Tuy\u00ean Ho\u00e1 District, approximately 50\u00a0km (31\u00a0mi) from the National Highway 1.The Ngu\u1ed3n language has been variously described as a dialect of Vietnamese or as the southernmost dialect of M\u01b0\u1eddng. Some researchers who consider it more closely related to M\u01b0\u1eddng find that those who connect it more closely with Vietnamese are more influenced by ethnographic and\/or political concerns than linguistic evidence. Chamberlain (2003) and Sidwell (2009) count it as a third Viet\u2013Muong language.Table of Contents       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Geographic location[edit]Genealogical relations[edit]Language variation[edit]History[edit]Bibliography[edit]External links[edit]Geographic location[edit]Most Ngu\u1ed3n live in Tuy\u00ean H\u00f3a District (alongside the neighboring S\u00e1ch people, a subgroup of the Ch\u1ee9t people who also speak a Vietic language) and in Minh Ho\u00e1 District (living with the neighboring Vi\u1ec7t peoples).[3]There are also Ngu\u1ed3n living in Laos, but with conflicting reports as to their exact location.[4] According to Chamberlain (1998), there is a Ngu\u1ed3n village in central Laos known as Ban Pak Phanang in Boualapha District, Khammouane Province.[5]Genealogical relations[edit]Ch\u00e9on (1907), Masp\u00e9ro (1912), and Cuisinier (1948) considered Ngu\u1ed3n to be more closely related to M\u01b0\u1eddng while M\u1ea1c (1964), Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110. B. (1975), and Ph\u1ea1m (1975) connected it with Vietnamese.Later linguistic comparison by Nguy\u1ec5n V. T. (1975) and Nguy\u1ec5n Ph. Ph. (1996) suggest a closer link with the M\u01b0\u1eddng dialects, and this is echoed by Barker (1993) (and others).Jerold A. Edmondson, Kenneth J. Gregerson, and Nguyen Van Loi mention that this language is of “great interest to those studying the history of Vietic languages” due to its distinct historical developments.[6]Nguy\u1ec5n V. T. (1975) notes that Ngu\u1ed3n speakers can communicate with M\u01b0\u1eddng speakers with each speaking their own language, but Vietnamese speakers who do not know M\u01b0\u1eddng cannot understand Ngu\u1ed3n.Although closer to M\u01b0\u1eddng generally (especially concerning sound system similarities), in some aspects Ngu\u1ed3n is more similar to Vietnamese. For example, the negative marker in Vietnamese is the particle kh\u00f4ng, which is ultimately a loanword from Chinese that became grammaticalized. The native negative marker ch\u1eb3ng, which is attested in earlier stages of Vietnamese, was largely replaced by the Chinese borrowing.[7] M\u01b0\u1eddng, in contrast, has preserved the original ch\u1eb3ng. Ngu\u1ed3n has, like Vietnamese, lost ch\u1eb3ng to kh\u00f4ng. In this feature of the loss of the native negative marker, Ngu\u1ed3n is like Vietnamese rather than M\u01b0\u1eddng.Language variation[edit]Nguy\u1ec5n Ph. Ph. (1996) notes that there are two varieties of Ngu\u1ed3n:C\u1ed5 Li\u00eamY\u00ean Th\u1ecd (or An Th\u1ecd)C\u1ed5 Li\u00eam is named after the village of the same name; Y\u00ean Th\u1ecd is the name of a cooperative in T\u00e2n Ho\u00e1 village.The Y\u00ean Th\u1ecd variety is closer to Vietnamese than C\u1ed5 Li\u00eam with respect to certain phonological developments.History[edit]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it.  (May 2008)In 1905, Cadi\u00e8re[8] reported that the Ngu\u1ed3n (as well as the S\u00e1ch people) were to be found in valleys of the Ngu\u1ed3n N\u0103n river in eleven villages.[9] Originally there were two groups of five villages. The northern group was in C\u01a1 Sa canton (along with some Vi\u1ec7t villages) and consisted of the following villages:Qui \u0110\u1ea1tAn \u0110\u1ee9cBa N\u01b0\u01a1ngThanh LongT\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1uT\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u was later split into two villages resulting in a sixth village in the northern group:The more southerly village group consisted ofK\u1ed5 Li\u00eamB\u1ed1k Th\u1ecdKim B\u00e3ngT\u00e2n L\u00edAn L\u1ea1kM\u1ea1c (1964) and Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110. B. (1975) assert that Ngu\u1ed3n is an original Vi\u1ec7t group from the area of the H\u00e0 T\u0129nh and Ngh\u1ec7 An provinces who moved into their present territory by the 17th century. Evidence for this opinion is based on family records. M\u1ea1c (1964) also reports that most Ngu\u1ed3n declared themselves to be Vi\u1ec7t on the 1960 census.Nguy\u1ec5n V. T. (1975) suggests that the M\u01b0\u1eddng could have migrated further south than Ngh\u1ec7 An to as far as Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh. Although some Vi\u1ec7t families may have migrated to this region, they may have done so after M\u01b0\u1eddng groups had already been established in the area. These Vi\u1ec7t migrants could, then, have assimilated in language to the M\u01b0\u1eddng. This M\u01b0\u1eddng variety also would have been in contact with Ch\u1ee9t languages, like S\u00e1ch. Thus, Nguy\u1ec5n V. T. (1975) suggests that Ngu\u1ed3n is a variety of M\u01b0\u1eddng spoken by M\u01b0\u1eddng (possibly H\u00e0 T\u0129nh M\u01b0\u1eddng) and assimilated Vi\u1ec7t people with influences from Ch\u1ee9t languages.[10]^ a b Nguon at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) ^ “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh danh”.^ Note the current Tuy\u00ean Ho\u00e1 and Minh Ho\u00e1 districts once comprised a single district known as Tuy\u00ean Ho\u00e1.^ See the Christian missionary site: Nguon people group of Laos Archived 2011-10-03 at the Wayback Machine.^ Chamberlain, J.R. 1998, “The origin of Sek: implications for Tai and Vietnamese history“, in The International Conference on Tai Studies, ed. S. Burusphat, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 97-128. Institute of Language and Culture for Rural Development, Mahidol University.^ See their page on Lesser Known Languages of Northern Vietnam: ling.uta.edu\/~jerry\/research\/.^ Alves, Mark J. (2009). “Sino-Vietnamese grammatical vocabulary and sociolinguistic conditions for borrowing” (PDF). Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. 1: 1\u20139. hdl:1885\/8939. ISSN\u00a01836-6821. Retrieved 7 March 2014.^ The original French source is quoted in Nguy\u1ec5n Ph. Ph. (1996).^ See the following satellite link from SatelliteViews.net: Ngu\u1ed3n N\u0103n, Vietnam.^ In particular, see Nguy\u1ec5n V. T. (1993: 242-243).Bibliography[edit]Barker, Miriam A. (1993). Bibliography of M\u01b0\u1eddng and other Vietic language groups, with notes. Mon\u2013Khmer Studies, 23, 197-243. (Online version: sealang.net\/archives\/mks\/BARKERMiriam.htm).Cadi\u00e8re, L\u00e9opold. (1902). Coutumes populaires de la vall\u00e9e du Ngu\u1ed3n S\u01a1n. Bulletin de l’\u00c9cole Fran\u00e7aise d’Extr\u00eame Orient, 2, 352-386.Cadi\u00e8re, L\u00e9opold. (1905). Les hautes vall\u00e9es du s\u00f4ng Gianh. Bulletin de l’\u00c9cole Fran\u00e7aise d’Extr\u00eame Orient, 5, 349-367.Chamberlain, James R. (2003) Eco-Spatial History: a nomad myth from the Annamites and its Relevance for Biodiversity Conversation. In Landscapes of Diversity: indigenous knowledge, sustainable livelihoods and resource governance in Montane Mainland Southeast Asia., edited by X. Jianchu and S. Mikesell: Kunming Yunnan Science and Technology Press.Cuisinier, Jeanne. (1948). Les M\u01b0\u1eddng: G\u00e9ographie humaine et sociologie. Paris: Institut d’Ethnologie.M\u1ea1c, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. (1964). C\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai mi\u1ec1n B\u1eb3c Trung B\u1ed9 [The minority groups of Northern Central Vietnam]. Hanoi: Nh\u00e0 x.b. Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.Nguy\u1ec5n, D\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00ecnh. (1975). V\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngu\u1ed3n [On the ethnic composition of the Nguon people]. In Vi\u1ec7n D\u00e2n T\u1ed9c H\u1ecdc, V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam (pp.\u00a0472\u2013491). Hanoi: Nh\u00e0 x.b. Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc T\u1ee5ng (1975). “G\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n tim hi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngu\u1ed3n qua nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd”. In, \u1ee6y ban khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam: Vi\u1ec7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 492-499. H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i: Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.Nguy\u1ec5n, Ph\u00fa Phong. (1996). The Ngu\u1ed3n language of Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, Vietnam. Mon\u2013Khmer Studies, 26, 179-190. (Online version: sealang.net\/archives\/mks\/NGUYNPhPhong.htm).Nguy\u1ec5n, V\u0103n T\u00e0i. (1975). Ti\u1ebfng Ngu\u1ed3n, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t hay m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng M\u01b0\u1eddng? Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef, 4, 8-16. (Translated into English as Nguy\u1ec5n V. T. 1993).Nguy\u1ec5n, V\u0103n T\u00e0i. (1993). Ngu\u1ed3n: A dialect of Vietnamese or a dialect of M\u01b0\u1eddng? (Based on local data). M. A. Barker (Transl.). Mon\u2013Khmer Studies, 22, 231-244. (Online version: sealang.net\/archives\/mks\/NGUYNVnTi.htm).Pham, \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng. (1975). V\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m Vi\u1ec7t-M\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh [On the close relationship between the languages in the Viet\u2013Muong group in western Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh Province]. In Vi\u1ec7n D\u00e2n T\u1ed9c H\u1ecdc, V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam (pp.\u00a0500\u2013517). Hanoi: Nh\u00e0 x.b. Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.Sidwell, Paul. (2009) Classifying the Austroasiatic languages: history and state of the art. Lincom Europa.Vi\u1ec7n D\u00e2n T\u1ed9c H\u1ecdc [Ethnology Institute]. (1975). V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam [On the problem of defining the social position of the minority groups in northern Vietnam]. Hanoi: Nh\u00e0 x.b. Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.External links[edit]     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki6\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki6\/nguon-language-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Ngu\u1ed3n language – Wikipedia"}}]}]