[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki7\/guines-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki7\/guines-wikipedia\/","headline":"Gu\u00eenes – Wikipedia","name":"Gu\u00eenes – Wikipedia","description":"Commune in Hauts-de-France, France Gu\u00eenes (French pronunciation:\u00a0\u200b[\u0261in]; West Flemish: Giezene;[3]Picard: Guinne) is a commune in the northern French department of","datePublished":"2016-12-28","dateModified":"2016-12-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki7\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki7\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cb\/Guines-blanchard01.JPG\/180px-Guines-blanchard01.JPG","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cb\/Guines-blanchard01.JPG\/180px-Guines-blanchard01.JPG","height":"240","width":"180"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki7\/guines-wikipedia\/","wordCount":1920,"articleBody":"Commune in Hauts-de-France, FranceGu\u00eenes (French pronunciation:\u00a0\u200b[\u0261in]; West Flemish: Giezene;[3]Picard: Guinne) is a commune in the northern French department of Pas-de-Calais.[4] Historically it was spelt Guisnes.On 7 January 1785, Jean-Pierre Blanchard, a French pioneer in hydrogen-balloon flight, completed the first crossing of the English Channel, landing in the woods south of Gu\u00eenes where a memorial column stands today.Geography[edit]Gu\u00eenes is located on the border of the two territories of the Boulonnais and Calaisis, at the edge of the now-drained marshes, which extend from there to the coast. The Gu\u00eenes canal connects with Calais.History[edit]Historically, Gu\u00eenes was the capital of a small county of the same name.After the Romans left, in the 5th century, there is little known about the town. In the Dark Ages, according to legend, the territory of Gu\u00eenes became the property of one Aigneric, Mayor of the Palace of the Burgundian king Th\u00e9odebert II.In 928, when the Danes invaded and seized the place, it was probably a defenceless village. A fenced mound and a double ditch would soon have been created by the Danes. This is the origin of the castle of Gu\u00eenes. Arnulf I, Count of Flanders, realizing a counter-attack would be costly, arranged the marriage of his daughter Elstrude, to Sigfrid, the Danish leader, bestowing upon him the title of Count of Gu\u00eenes but as vassal to him, the Count of Flanders. Under Sigfrid’s successors, the county of Gu\u00eenes acquired considerable importance.At the beginning of the 11th century, Count Manass\u00e8s founded a convent of the order of Saint-Benoit. This was placed under the jurisdiction of the nearby abbey of Saint L\u00e9onard. At that time, Gu\u00eenes comprised three parishes within its walls, whose churches were dedicated to Saint Bertin, Saint Pierre and Saint M\u00e9dard. Outside the town ramparts were the abbey of Saint L\u00e9onard, the church of Saint-Blaise, in the hamlet of Melleke, and the leper-house of Saint Quentin, in the hamlet of Spelleke (in Tournepuits).At the end of the 11th century, Baldwin II built a huge stone castle on top of Sigfrid’s old keep and enclosed the town within a stone wall, with defensive towers at each of the entrances. His brother Fulk was a participant in the First Crusade.On 22 January 1351, three years after the capture of Calais by Edward III, the castle of Gu\u00eenes was also delivered up to the English. In 1360, the Treaty of Br\u00e9tigny surrendered the city and its county to England and they eventually became part of the Pale of Calais, the last English possession in mainland France. The “Field of the Cloth of Gold”, where Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France met in 1520, was at Balinghem in the immediate neighbourhood.When the French captured the town of Calais in January 1558, Gu\u00eenes held out, by the courageous efforts of the English commander, William Grey, 13th Baron Grey de Wilton. After a few days of desperate fighting, however, Grey was wounded and his soldiers refused to fight on. The French gave honourable terms of surrender and English rule of the area came to an end.Population[edit]The inhabitants are called Guinois.Historical populationYearPop.\u00b1% p.a.1968 4,984\u2014\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a01975 5,034+0.14%1982 5,174+0.39%1990 5,105\u22120.17%1999 5,221+0.25%2007 5,302+0.19%2012 5,754+1.65%2017 5,626\u22120.45%Source: INSEE[5]Places and monuments[edit]Blanchard’s Column[edit]    On May 25, 1785, a column was erected to commemorate Jean-Pierre Blanchard’s crossing of the English Channel by hydrogen balloon on 7 January 1785. (50\u00b050\u203231\u2033N 1\u00b052\u203202\u2033E\ufeff \/ \ufeff50.841997365\u00b0N 1.86734124246\u00b0E\ufeff \/ 50.841997365; 1.86734124246\ufeff (Jean-Pierre Blanchard))Under the reign of Louis XVIMDCCLXXXVJean-Pierre Blanchard of Les Andelys in Normandy accompanied by John Jeffries an English man Leaving from Dover Castle in an Aerostat.January 7th at a quarter past one, was the first to cross the air above Pas-de-Calaisand descended for three and a quarter hours in the very place where the inhabitants of Guines raised this columnto the glory of the two travellers.These aeronauts were received on their descent byP. Eliz Casin d’Honnincthun and Louis Marie Dufosse.and taken to the castle of M.Le Vicomte DesandrouinChamberlain of the Emperor who laid the stone of thiscolumn on May 25, 1785.[Note 1]See also[edit]^ Original text of Blanchard’s Column at Gu\u00eenes: Sous le r\u00e9gn\u00e9 de Louis XVI MDCCLXXXV, Jean-Pierre Blanchard des Andelys en Normand, Accompagne de Jean Jefferies Anglais, Partit du chateau de Douvre dans un A\u00e9rostat, Le VII Janvier a une heure un quart, traversa le pr\u00e9mier les airs au dessus de Pas-de-Calais, et descendit de trois heures trois quarts dans le lieux m\u00eame ou les habitants de Gu\u00eenes. Ont \u00e9lev\u00e9 cette colonne \u00c0 la gloire des deux voyageurs.Ces aeronauts en \u00e9t\u00e9 recus \u00e0 leur descent par P. Eliz Casin d’Honnincthun et Louis Marie Dufoss\u00e9, Et conduits au ch\u00e2teau de M.Le Vicomt\u00e9 Desandrouin, Chambellan de L’Empereur qui a pos\u00e9 la pierre de cette colonne le 25 Mai 1785. References[edit]External links[edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gu\u00eenes."},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki7\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki7\/guines-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Gu\u00eenes – Wikipedia"}}]}]