[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki8\/ahcc-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki8\/ahcc-wikipedia\/","headline":"AHCC – Wikipedia","name":"AHCC – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia after-content-x4 Dietary supplement after-content-x4 Chemical structure of \u03b1-1,4-glucan, the main polysaccharide in AHCC. 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Active Hexose Correlated Compound is a chemical isolated from the Shiitake mushroom.AHCC, or active hexose correlated compound, is an alpha-glucan rich nutritional supplement produced from the mycelia  of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) of the basidiomycete family of mushrooms. The product\/supplement\/compound-mix is a subject of research as a potential anti-cancer agent but has not been conclusively found to treat cancer or any other disease, and there are conflict of interest concerns about the published research.[1][2] AHCC is a popular alternative medicine in Japan.[3]AHCC is a registered trademark of and manufactured by Amino Up Co., Ltd. in Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan.[4]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsDevelopment and Chemical composition[edit]Potential Mechanisms of Action[edit]Use in Integrative Medicine[edit]Research[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]Development and Chemical composition[edit]AHCC was developed by Amino Up Chemical Co., LTD. and Dr. Toshihiko Okamoto (School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo)  in 1989.[5]Polysaccharides form a large part of the composition of AHCC. These include beta-glucan (\u03b2-glucan) and acetylated \u03b1-glucan. Acetylated \u03b1-glucan, produced by culturing the mushroom mycelia, is unique to AHCC. Approximately 20% of the make up of AHCC is \u03b1-glucans.[6]Glucans are saccharides, of which some are known to have immune stimulating effects.[7]Potential Mechanisms of Action[edit]The manufacturer of AHCC states that the culturing process utilized in its manufacture favors the release of small bioactive molecules that act as nontoxic agonists for toll-like receptors (TLRs), specifically TLR-4, initiating a systemic anti-inflammatory response. AHCC is believed to bind to TLR-2 and TLR-4, and act as an immune modulator,[8] as Immune cells such as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells will produce cytokines by either cytokine stimulation by dendritic cells or ligand binding to TLRs.[9]Use in Integrative Medicine[edit]AHCC is widely used in Japan and China.[10] It is available to the general public in Japan and China without a prescription and many people use it for general health maintenance and treatment of acute infections.It is often used as a Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) for immune support,[5] as reports in animal and clinical settings have indicated that AHCC is associated with an enhanced response to infection and increased survival.[11][12] AHCC is in some cases also used by those undergoing conventional cancer therapy (e.g. chemotherapy[6]) for its reported immunomodulatory functions.[13]In Japan, AHCC is the 2nd most popular complementary and alternative medicine used by cancer patients.  Agaricus blazei supplements are the most popular, outpacing AHCC use by a factor of 7:1.[3]Research[edit]Nearly all of the research into AHCC has been funded by the manufacturer, which complicates the discussion of currently available results \u2013 independent research is needed to verify them.[2] The mechanism of action of AHCC is poorly understood and there is little known about its safety.[2] As of 2011[update]clinical research into AHCC has been of poor quality: there are no large-scale studies or randomized controlled trials.[2]Laboratory research suggests AHCC may have immunostimulatory effects.[2]AHCC has been proposed as a treatment for cancer, but research into its effectiveness has produced only uncertain and inconclusive evidence.[1] Detailed research is needed into the pharmacology of AHCC before any recommendation of its use as an adjuvant therapy can be made.[2]Studies have suggested that AHCC supplementation may affect immune outcomes and immune cell populations, suggesting that it has anti-inflammatory effects.[14] Moreover, available data have demonstrated that AHCC may possibly reduce symptoms, improve survival, and shorten recovery time in animal models infected with viruses, bacteria, and fungal infections.[15][16]See also[edit]References[edit]^ a b “AHCC”. WebMD. Archived from the original on 29 August 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2018.^ a b c d e f Shah SK, Walker PA, Moore-Olufemi SD, Sundaresan A, Kulkarni AD, Andrassy RJ (2011). “An evidence-based review of a Lentinula edodes mushroom extract as complementary therapy in the surgical oncology patient”. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr (Review). 35 (4): 449\u201358. doi:10.1177\/0148607110380684. PMID\u00a021628606. It is important to note that the vast majority of the published research on AHCC has been supported by the manufacturer.^ a b Hyodo I, Amano N, Eguchi K (April 2005). “Nationwide survey on complementary and alternative medicine in cancer patients in Japan”. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 23 (12): 2645\u201354. doi:10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.126. PMID\u00a015728227.^ “AHCC \/ A Standardized Extract of Cultured Lentinula edodes Mycelia \u2013 Amino Up”. www.aminoup.co.jp. Archived from the original on 2018-11-16. Retrieved 2018-11-16.^ a b Anil D. Kulkarni; Philip Calder; Toshinori Ito (2016). Clinician’s Guide to AHCC. ISBN\u00a0978-4-9909264-1-0.^ a b Ito, Toshinori; Urushima, Hayato; Sakaue, Miki; Yukawa, Sayoko; Honda, Hatsumi; Hirai, Kei; Igura, Takumi; Hayashi, Noriyuki; Maeda, Kazuhisa (2014-03-10). “Reduction of Adverse Effects by a Mushroom Product, Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) in Patients With Advanced Cancer During Chemotherapy\u2014The Significance of the Levels of HHV-6 DNA in Saliva as a Surrogate Biomarker During Chemotherapy”. Nutrition and Cancer. 66 (3): 377\u2013382. doi:10.1080\/01635581.2014.884232. ISSN\u00a00163-5581. PMID\u00a024611562. S2CID\u00a022715995.^ Fujii H, Nakagawa T: Novel substance having physiological activity, process for producing the same, and use, U.S. Patent Application Publication, Mar 6, 2003.^ Mallet, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois; Graham, \u00c9milie; Ritz, Barry W.; Homma, Kohei; Matar, Chantal (2015-01-18). “Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) promotes an intestinal immune response in BALB\/c mice and in primary intestinal epithelial cell culture involving toll-like receptors TLR-2 and TLR-4”. European Journal of Nutrition. 55 (1): 139\u2013146. doi:10.1007\/s00394-015-0832-2. ISSN\u00a01436-6207. PMID\u00a025596849. S2CID\u00a024880929.^ Zhinan Yin; Hajime Fujii; Thomas Walshe (August 2010). “Effects of Active Hexose Correlated Compound on Frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells Producing Interferon-\u03b3 and\/or Tumor Necrosis factor-\u03b1 in Healthy Adults”. Human Immunology. 71 (12): 1187\u20131190. doi:10.1016\/j.humimm.2010.08.006. PMID\u00a020732368.^ Cao, Zhiyun; Chen, Xuzheng; Lan, Lan; Zhang, Zhideng; Du, Jian; Liao, Lianming (April 2015). “Active hexose correlated compound potentiates the antitumor effects of low-dose 5-fluorouracil through modulation of immune function in hepatoma 22 tumor-bearing mice”. Nutrition Research and Practice. 9 (2): 129\u2013136. doi:10.4162\/nrp.2015.9.2.129. ISSN\u00a01976-1457. PMC\u00a04388943. PMID\u00a025861418.^ Ritz, Barry W (2008-08-22). “Supplementation with active hexose correlated compound increases survival following infectious challenge in mice”. Nutrition Reviews. 66 (9): 526\u2013531. doi:10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2008.00085.x. ISSN\u00a00029-6643. PMID\u00a018752476.^ Nogusa, Shoko; Gerbino, Jeffrey; Ritz, Barry W. (February 2009). “Low-dose supplementation with active hexose correlated compound improves the immune response to acute influenza infection in C57BL\/6 mice”. Nutrition Research. 29 (2): 139\u2013143. doi:10.1016\/j.nutres.2009.01.005. ISSN\u00a00271-5317. PMID\u00a019285605.^ “AHCC Research AHCC\u306e\u7814\u7a76 \u2013 Amino Up”. www.aminoup.co.jp. Archived from the original on 2018-11-21. Retrieved 2018-11-21.^ Mascaraque, Cristina; Su\u00e1rez, Mar\u00eda Dolores; Zarzuelo, Antonio; de Medina, Ferm\u00edn S\u00e1nchez; Mart\u00ednez-Augustin, Olga (2014-10-02). “Active hexose correlated compound exerts therapeutic effects in lymphocyte driven colitis”. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 58 (12): 2379\u20132382. doi:10.1002\/mnfr.201400364. ISSN\u00a01613-4125. PMID\u00a025186628.^ Wang, Shuhui; Welte, Thomas; Fang, Hao; Chang, Gwong-Jen J.; Born, Willi K.; O’Brien, Rebecca L.; Sun, Buxiang; Fujii, Hajime; Kosuna, Ken-Ichi (2009-01-13). “Oral Administration of Active Hexose Correlated Compound Enhances Host Resistance to West Nile Encephalitis in Mice”. The Journal of Nutrition. 139 (3): 598\u2013602. doi:10.3945\/jn.108.100297. ISSN\u00a00022-3166. PMC\u00a02646222. PMID\u00a019141700.^ Aviles, Hernan; O’Donnell, Phyllis; Sun, Buxiang; Sonnenfeld, Gerald (December 2006). “Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) Enhances Resistance to Infection in a Mouse Model of Surgical Wound Infection”. Surgical Infections. 7 (6): 527\u2013535. doi:10.1089\/sur.2006.7.527. ISSN\u00a01096-2964. PMID\u00a017233570.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki8\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki8\/ahcc-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"AHCC – Wikipedia"}}]}]