[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki8\/tongzhou-district-beijing-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki8\/tongzhou-district-beijing-wikipedia\/","headline":"Tongzhou District, Beijing – Wikipedia","name":"Tongzhou District, Beijing – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 District in Beijing, People’s Republic of China after-content-x4 Tongzhou District (simplified Chinese: \u901a\u5dde\u533a; traditional Chinese: \u901a\u5dde\u5340; pinyin: T\u014dngzh\u014du Q\u016b;","datePublished":"2016-06-03","dateModified":"2016-06-03","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki8\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki8\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d8\/Cat_Dealer_in_Qing_Dynasty_China.jpg\/220px-Cat_Dealer_in_Qing_Dynasty_China.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d8\/Cat_Dealer_in_Qing_Dynasty_China.jpg\/220px-Cat_Dealer_in_Qing_Dynasty_China.jpg","height":"144","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki8\/tongzhou-district-beijing-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":4657,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4District in Beijing, People’s Republic of China       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Tongzhou District (simplified Chinese: \u901a\u5dde\u533a; traditional Chinese: \u901a\u5dde\u5340; pinyin: T\u014dngzh\u014du Q\u016b; Wade\u2013Giles: T’ung1chou1 Ch’\u00fc1, alternate spellings Tungchow Tungchou (T’ung-chou), or Tong County during 1914\u20131997) is a district of Beijing. It is located in southeast Beijing and considered the eastern gateway to the nation’s capital. Downtown Tongzhou itself lies around 20\u00a0km (12\u00a0mi) east of central Beijing, at the northern end of the Grand Canal (on the junction between the Tonghui Canal and the Northern Canal) and at the easternmost end of Chang’an Avenue. The entire district covers an area of 906\u00a0km2 (350\u00a0sq\u00a0mi), or 6% of Beijing’s total area. It had a population of 673,952 at the 2000 Census, and has seen significant growth and development since then, growing to a population of 1,184,000 at the 2010 Census. The district is subdivided into four subdistricts, ten towns, and one ethnic township.Table of Contents       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4History[edit]Ming, Qing & Republican era[edit]People’s Republic[edit]Economy[edit]Geography and environment[edit]Climate[edit]Administrative divisions[edit]Transportation[edit]Metro[edit]Suburban railway[edit]Industry and tourism[edit]Education and health[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]History[edit]  “Cat-merchants and tea-delears at Tongzhou”, late 18th centuryTongzhou was founded in 195 BC during the Western Han Dynasty under the name of Lu (\u8def) County, although there is evidence for human settlement in the Neolithic. At the start of the Eastern Han Dynasty the character Lu by which it was known was altered by the addition of a water radical to become Lu (\u6f5e). In 1151 under the Jin dynasty Lu County was renamed Tongzhou, roughly meaning ‘the place for passing through’, in recognition of its importance as the land and water approach to Beijing.Ming, Qing & Republican era[edit]In July 1937, subsequent to the infamous Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Tongzhou became another site of determined Chinese resistance. In the Tongzhou Mutiny troops of the nominally Japanese-puppet East Hopei Army rebelled and came to the aid of hard-pressed Kuomintang troops, and attacked the Japanese garrison. In the fall of Tongzhou to the Nationalists, many civilians were murdered and abused as well as captured Japanese military personnel.People’s Republic[edit]The place name changed to Tong County (simplified Chinese: \u901a\u53bf; traditional Chinese: \u901a\u7e23; pinyin: T\u014dng Xi\u00e0n) when the area was placed under the new municipal region of Beijing in 1914. It again reverted to “Tongzhou” when the area was upgraded in 1997 to a district.[1]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4On 11 July 2015, Tongzhou became the second administrative seat of Beijing as a “sub-administrative center” for the municipality.[2] Numerous local government departments will be moved to Tongzhou to reduce crowding within the city center of Beijing.[3]Economy[edit]In 2017, the regional GDP of the district was 75.8 billion yuan,[4] with GDP per capita at 50.3 thousand yuan.Geography and environment[edit]  Satellite image of part of Tongzhou District. (1967-09-20)Tongzhou District borders the Beijing districts of Shunyi, Chaoyang and Daxing, Wuqing District of Tianjin Municipality, and Langfang City (both the Sanhe City\u2212Dachang County\u2212Xianghe County exclave and Guangyang District) of Hebei province, and is 12 miles from Tiananmen Square and 10 miles from Beijing Capital International Airport.Tongzhou is situated on the North China Plain with an average elevation of 20 meters (66\u00a0ft). Its climate belongs to the mild temperate zone, with distinct seasons including hot summers and freezing winters. Dust storms are common. It has an annual mean temperature of 11.3\u00a0\u00b0C (52.3\u00a0\u00b0F). and 620\u00a0mm (24\u00a0in) of rainfall. Several large rivers, among them the Wenyu, the Liangshui and Chaobai flow through the district.Climate[edit]Tongzhou District has a humid continental climate (K\u00f6ppen climate classification Dwa). The average annual temperature in Tongzhou is 13.4\u00a0\u00b0C (56.1\u00a0\u00b0F). The average annual rainfall is 526.7\u00a0mm (20.74\u00a0in) with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 27.2\u00a0\u00b0C (81.0\u00a0\u00b0F), and lowest in January, at around \u22122.5\u00a0\u00b0C (27.5\u00a0\u00b0F).Climate data for Tongzhou (1981\u22122010 normals, extremes 1981\u22122010)MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYearRecord high \u00b0C (\u00b0F)13.5(56.3)20.1(68.2)28.5(83.3)32.1(89.8)37.9(100.2)40.2(104.4)41.9(107.4)38.1(100.6)35.0(95.0)30.6(87.1)21.3(70.3)13.5(56.3)41.9(107.4)Average high \u00b0C (\u00b0F)1.9(35.4)6.1(43.0)12.5(54.5)20.6(69.1)26.9(80.4)30.6(87.1)32.0(89.6)30.6(87.1)26.6(79.9)19.3(66.7)10.3(50.5)3.6(38.5)18.4(65.2)Daily mean \u00b0C (\u00b0F)\u22122.5(27.5)1.1(34.0)7.1(44.8)14.9(58.8)21.1(70.0)25.2(77.4)27.2(81.0)26.0(78.8)21.3(70.3)14.1(57.4)5.6(42.1)\u22120.6(30.9)13.4(56.1)Average low \u00b0C (\u00b0F)\u22126.3(20.7)\u22123.2(26.2)2.5(36.5)9.8(49.6)15.7(60.3)20.5(68.9)23.2(73.8)22.1(71.8)16.6(61.9)9.6(49.3)1.7(35.1)\u22124.1(24.6)9.0(48.2)Record low \u00b0C (\u00b0F)\u221215.7(3.7)\u221214.8(5.4)\u22127.3(18.9)1.2(34.2)6.3(43.3)11.7(53.1)16.5(61.7)15.0(59.0)7.2(45.0)\u22122.0(28.4)\u22126.9(19.6)\u221213.2(8.2)\u221215.7(3.7)Average precipitation mm (inches)2.4(0.09)3.6(0.14)8.6(0.34)22.2(0.87)35.6(1.40)79.7(3.14)160.0(6.30)134.8(5.31)44.9(1.77)23.5(0.93)9.8(0.39)1.6(0.06)526.7(20.74)Average relative humidity (%)40414044495970726557524453Source: China Meteorological Data Service Center[5]Administrative divisions[edit]Tongzhou District is divided into six subdistricts, ten towns, and one ethnic township. Two of the towns of which carry the “area” (\u5730\u533a) label.[6][7]  NameChinese (S)Hanyu PinyinPopulation (2010)[8]Area (km2)Population density (per km2)Zhongcang Subdistrict\u4e2d\u4ed3\u8857\u9053Zh\u014dngc\u0101ng Ji\u0113d\u00e0o57,5506.508,854Xinhua Subdistrict\u65b0\u534e\u8857\u9053X\u012bnhu\u00e1 Ji\u0113d\u00e0o8,8913.252,736Tongyun Subdistrict\u901a\u8fd0\u8857\u9053T\u014dngy\u00f9n Ji\u0113d\u00e0oBeiyuan Subdistrict\u5317\u82d1\u8857\u9053B\u011biyu\u00e0n Ji\u0113d\u00e0o73,42336.602,006Yuqiao Subdistrict\u7389\u6865\u8857\u9053Y\u00f9qi\u00e1o Ji\u0113d\u00e0o64,48211.205,757Luyuan Subdistrict\u6f5e\u6e90\u8857\u9053L\u00f9yu\u00e1n Ji\u0113d\u00e0o72,611144.00504Lucheng town\u6f5e\u57ce\u9547L\u00f9ch\u00e9ng Zh\u00e8nYongshun (town) Area\u6c38\u987a(\u9547)\u5730\u533aY\u01d2ngsh\u00f9n (Zh\u00e8n) D\u00ecq\u016b195,19439.464,947Liyuan (town) Area\u68a8\u56ed(\u9547)\u5730\u533aL\u00edyu\u00e1n (Zh\u00e8n) D\u00ecq\u016b140,52024.875,650Songzhuang town\u5b8b\u5e84\u9547S\u00f2ngzhu\u0101ng Zh\u00e8n104,143116.00898Zhangjiawan town\u5f20\u5bb6\u6e7e\u9547Zh\u0101ngji\u0101w\u0101n Zh\u00e8n89,273105.80844Huoxian town\u6f37\u53bf\u9547Hu\u01d2xi\u00e0n Zh\u00e8n61,413113.68540Majuqiao town\u9a6c\u9a79\u6865\u9547M\u01cej\u016bqi\u00e1o Zh\u00e8n107,04882.001,305Xiji town\u897f\u96c6\u9547X\u012bj\u00ed Zh\u00e8n43,24495.29454Taihu town\u53f0\u6e56\u9547T\u00e1ih\u00fa Zh\u00e8n99,03982.501,200Yongledian town\u6c38\u4e50\u5e97\u9547Y\u01d2ngl\u00e8di\u00e0n Zh\u00e8n40,241105.00383Yujiawu Hui Ethnic Township\u4e8e\u5bb6\u52a1\u56de\u65cf\u4e61Y\u00faji\u0101w\u00f9 Hu\u00edz\u00fa Xi\u0101ng27,18465.70414On May 11, 2020, Tongzhou District Government made a series of changes to its administrative divisions by adding the following subdistricts:[9]Transportation[edit]  Downtown Tongzhou is connected to downtown Beijing by Jingtong Expressway and several metro lines operated by Beijing Subway. Beijing’s Fifth and Sixth Ring Road are roughly equidistant from Tongzhou’s CBD. Highways lead to Shenyang, Harbin and Tianjin\/Tanggu.Metro[edit]Tongzhou is currently served by four metro lines operated by Beijing Subway: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Line 6 \u2013 Wuzixueyuanlu, Tongzhou Beiguan, Beiyunhe West, Beiyunhe East, Haojiafu, Dongxiayuan, Lucheng \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Line 7 \u2013 Wansheng Xi (West), Wansheng Dong (East), Qun Fang, Gao Lou Jin, Hua Zhuang, Universal Resort \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Batong line (through operation to Line 1) \u2013 Tongzhou Beiyuan, Guoyuan, Jiukeshu, Liyuan, Linheli, Tu Qiao, Hua Zhuang, Universal Resort \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Yizhuang line \u2013 Tongjinanlu, Jinghailu, Ciqu South, Ciqu, Yizhuang railway stationSuburban railway[edit]Tongzhou is also served by two suburban railway lines:Industry and tourism[edit]There are seven industrial zones with a total area of 64 square kilometers (25\u00a0sq\u00a0mi) in Tongzhou, focusing on manufacturing and high-tech industries. Downtown Tongzhou is earmarked for redevelopment into a comprehensive central business district with an emphasis on consumer retail. In agriculture, the district emphasizes on horticulture, fruit-farming, seed-growing and aquatics. The district government is currently promoting Tongzhou’s position at the head of the Grand Canal to attract tourists to its Grand Canal Cultural Park.[citation needed]The Songzhuang artists’ village, where many Chinese contemporary artists live and work, is located in the Tongzhou District.[10][11]The Universal Beijing Resort is also located in Tongzhou, and opened on 20 September 2021.Canal Business District is under construction. Headquarters of Beijing branches of Central Government-owned Enterprises and Headquarters of Beijing Government-owned Enterprises will move to Tongzhou.[12] Canal Business District plans to develop industrial clusters of headquarters economy and wealth management.[13]Gallery of the construction site of Canal Business District:Education and health[edit]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it.  (September 2015)Tongzhou has good education facilities including 113 kindergartens, 141 primary schools, 51 high schools and many adult education colleges[citation needed]. It also boasts the Beijing Materials Institute, Beijing University of Technology and the Beijing Institute of Music. Its hospitals include a specialist tuberculosis treatment center and a hospital specializing in traditional Chinese medicine.Private schools include:See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Tongzhou.     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