[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki8\/x11-color-names-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki8\/x11-color-names-wikipedia\/","headline":"X11 color names – Wikipedia","name":"X11 color names – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 In computing, on the X Window System, X11 color names are represented in a simple text file, which maps","datePublished":"2016-06-02","dateModified":"2016-06-02","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki8\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki8\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":100,"height":100},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki8\/x11-color-names-wikipedia\/","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":48796,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4In computing, on the X Window System, X11 color names are represented in a simple text file, which maps certain strings to RGB color values. It was traditionally shipped with every X11 installation, hence the name, and is usually located in \/lib\/X11\/rgb.txt. The web colors list is descended from it but differs for certain color names.[1]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Color names are not standardized by Xlib or the X11 protocol. The list does not show continuity either in selected color values or in color names, and some color triplets have multiple names. Despite this, graphic designers and others got used to them, making it practically impossible to introduce a different list. In earlier releases of X11 (prior to the introduction of Xcms), server implementors were encouraged to modify the RGB values in the reference color database to account for gamma correction.[2]As of X.Org Release 7.4 rgb.txt is no longer included in the roll up release,[3] and the list is built directly into the server.[4] The optional module xorg\/app\/rgb contains the stand-alone rgb.txt file.The list first shipped with X10 release 3 (X10R3) on 7 June 1986, having been checked into RCS by Jim Gettys in 1985.[5] The same list was in X11R1 on 18 September 1987. Approximately the full list as is available today shipped with X11R4 on 29 January 1989, with substantial additions by Paul Ravelling (who added colors based on Sinclair Paints samples), John C. Thomas (who added colors based on a set of 72 Crayola crayons he had on hand) and Jim Fulton (who reconciled contributions to produce the X11R4 list). The project was running DEC VT240 terminals at the time, so would have worked to that device.[6]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4In some applications multipart names are written with spaces, in others joined together, often in camel case. They are usually matched insensitive of case and the X Server source code contains spaced aliases for most entries; this article uses spaces and uppercase initials except where variants with spaces are not specified in the actual code.Table of ContentsClashes between web and X11 colors in the CSS color scheme[edit]Color name chart[edit]Color variations[edit]Shades of gray[edit]Numbered variants[edit]Prefixed variants[edit]Nuances with different hue[edit]Tints and shades with different lightness[edit]Tones with different saturation[edit]Derived lists[edit]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit]Clashes between web and X11 colors in the CSS color scheme[edit]The first versions of Mosaic and Netscape Navigator used the X11 colors as the basis for the web colors list, as both were originally X applications. The W3C specifications SVG and CSS level 3 module Color eventually adopted the X11 list with some changes.[7] The present W3C list is a superset of the 16 “VGA colors” defined in HTML 3.2 and CSS level 1.       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4One notable difference between X11 and W3C is the case of “Gray” and its variants. In HTML, “Gray” is specifically reserved for the 128 triplet (50% gray) \u2003. However, in X11, “gray” was assigned to the 190 triplet (74.5%) \u2003, which is close to W3C “Silver” at 192 (75.3%) \u2003, and had “Light Gray” at 211 (83%) \u2003 and “Dark Gray” at 169 (66%) \u2003 counterparts. As a result, the combined CSS 3.0 color list that prevails on the web today produces “Dark Gray” \u2003 as a significantly lighter tone than plain “Gray” \u2003, because “Dark Gray” was descended from X11 \u2013 for it did not exist in HTML nor CSS level 1[8] \u2013 while “Gray” was descended from HTML. Even in the current draft for CSS 4.0, dark gray continues to be a lighter shade than gray.[9] Some browsers such as Netscape Navigator insisted on an “a” in any “Gray” except for “Light Grey”.Recent X releases also support the W3C definitions. In X11, the original definitions have been preserved (so “Dark Gray” remains a darker shade of “Gray”), but for every conflicting name pair, “Web” and additional “X11” prefixes have been added to ease disambiguation after the merger. The “X11” prefix is an alias for the non-prefixed version, i.e. “X11 Gray” = “Gray” \u2260 “Web Gray”. The W3C also defined a color that is equal to X11’s “Green”, but called it “Lime”. In X11, this is simply called “Lime”, as no such name existed before. It aliases to “Green”, i.e. “Lime” = “Green” = “X11 Green” \u2260 “Web Green”.Color names with clashing definitionsColor nameX11 colorW3C colorHexRedGreenBlueSampleSampleHexRedGreenBlueGray#BEBEBE75%75%75%\u00a0\u00a0#80808050%50%50%Green#00FF000%100%0%\u00a0\u00a0#0080000%50%0%Maroon#B0306069%19%38%\u00a0\u00a0#80000050%0%0%Purple#A020F063%13%94%\u00a0\u00a0#80008050%0%50%^ The original W3C names, as used in HTML4\/CSS2, before the adoption of the non-colliding X11 names as alternatives.Color name chart[edit]The following chart presents the standardized X11 color names from the X.org source code.[11] The list of names accepted by browsers following W3C standards[12] slightly differs as explained above. The table does not show numbered gray and brightness variants as described below. Actual rgb.txt files and other color databases or palettes may differ since they are freely editable by vendors and users. The table shows component values in several notations of the RGB color space, i.e. RGB, HSL and HSV, conversions are done assuming sRGB color space.X11 color namesNameHex(RGB)Red(RGB)Green(RGB)Blue(RGB)Hue(HSL\/HSV)Satur.(HSL)Light(HSL)Satur.(HSV)Value(HSV)AlternativesAlice Blue #F0F8FF94%97%100%208\u00b0100%97%6%100%Antique White #FAEBD798%92%84%34\u00b078%91%14%98%Aqua #00FFFF0%100%100%180\u00b0100%50%100%100%CyanAquamarine #7FFFD450%100%83%160\u00b0100%75%50%100%Azure #F0FFFF94%100%100%180\u00b0100%97%6%100%Beige #F5F5DC96%96%86%60\u00b056%91%10%96%Bisque #FFE4C4100%89%77%33\u00b0100%88%23%100%Black #0000000%0%0%0\u00b00%0%0%0%Blanched Almond #FFEBCD100%92%80%36\u00b0100%90%20%100%Blue #0000FF0%0%100%240\u00b0100%50%100%100%Blue Violet #8A2BE254%17%89%271\u00b076%53%81%89%Brown #A52A2A65%16%16%0\u00b059%41%75%65%Burlywood #DEB88787%72%53%34\u00b057%70%39%87%Cadet Blue #5F9EA037%62%63%182\u00b026%50%41%63%Chartreuse #7FFF0050%100%0%90\u00b0100%50%100%100%Chocolate #D2691E82%41%12%25\u00b075%47%86%82%Coral #FF7F50100%50%31%16\u00b0100%66%69%100%Cornflower Blue #6495ED39%58%93%219\u00b079%66%58%93%Cornsilk #FFF8DC100%97%86%48\u00b0100%93%14%100%Crimson #DC143C86%8%24%348\u00b083%47%91%86%Cyan #00FFFF0%100%100%180\u00b0100%50%100%100%AquaDark Blue #00008B0%0%55%240\u00b0100%27%100%55%Dark Cyan #008B8B0%55%55%180\u00b0100%27%100%55%Dark Goldenrod #B8860B72%53%4%43\u00b089%38%94%72%Dark Gray #A9A9A966%66%66%0\u00b00%66%0%66%Dark GreyDark Green #0064000%39%0%120\u00b0100%20%100%39%Dark Khaki #BDB76B74%72%42%56\u00b038%58%43%74%Dark Magenta #8B008B55%0%55%300\u00b0100%27%100%55%Dark Olive Green #556B2F33%42%18%82\u00b039%30%56%42%Dark Orange #FF8C00100%55%0%33\u00b0100%50%100%100%Dark Orchid #9932CC60%20%80%280\u00b061%50%75%80%Dark Red #8B000055%0%0%0\u00b0100%27%100%55%Dark Salmon #E9967A91%59%48%15\u00b072%70%48%91%Dark Sea Green #8FBC8F56%74%56%120\u00b025%65%24%74%Dark Slate Blue #483D8B28%24%55%248\u00b039%39%56%55%Dark Slate Gray #2F4F4F18%31%31%180\u00b025%25%41%31%Dark Slate GreyDark Turquoise #00CED10%81%82%181\u00b0100%41%100%82%Dark Violet #9400D358%0%83%282\u00b0100%41%100%83%Deep Pink #FF1493100%8%58%328\u00b0100%54%92%100%Deep Sky Blue #00BFFF0%75%100%195\u00b0100%50%100%100%Dim Gray #69696941%41%41%0\u00b00%41%0%41%Dim GreyDodger Blue #1E90FF12%56%100%210\u00b0100%56%88%100%Firebrick #B2222270%13%13%0\u00b068%42%81%70%Floral White #FFFAF0100%98%94%40\u00b0100%97%6%100%Forest Green #228B2213%55%13%120\u00b061%34%76%55%Fuchsia #FF00FF100%0%100%300\u00b0100%50%100%100%MagentaGainsboro* #DCDCDC86%86%86%0\u00b00%86%0%86%Ghost White #F8F8FF97%97%100%240\u00b0100%99%3%100%Gold #FFD700100%84%0%51\u00b0100%50%100%100%Goldenrod #DAA52085%65%13%43\u00b074%49%85%85%Gray #BEBEBE75%75%75%0\u00b00%75%0%75%Grey, X11 Gray, X11 GreyWeb Gray #80808050%50%50%0\u00b00%50%0%50%Web GreyGreen #00FF000%100%0%120\u00b0100%50%100%100%X11 Green, LimeWeb Green #0080000%50%0%120\u00b0100%25%100%50%Green Yellow #ADFF2F68%100%18%84\u00b0100%59%82%100%Honeydew #F0FFF094%100%94%120\u00b0100%97%6%100%Hot Pink #FF69B4100%41%71%330\u00b0100%71%59%100%Indian Red #CD5C5C80%36%36%0\u00b053%58%55%80%Indigo #4B008229%0%51%275\u00b0100%26%100%51%Ivory #FFFFF0100%100%94%60\u00b0100%97%6%100%Khaki #F0E68C94%90%55%54\u00b077%75%42%94%Lavender #E6E6FA90%90%98%240\u00b067%94%8%98%Lavender Blush #FFF0F5100%94%96%340\u00b0100%97%6%100%Lawn Green #7CFC0049%99%0%90\u00b0100%49%100%99%Lemon Chiffon #FFFACD100%98%80%54\u00b0100%90%20%100%Light Blue #ADD8E668%85%90%195\u00b053%79%25%90%Light Coral #F0808094%50%50%0\u00b079%72%47%94%Light Cyan #E0FFFF88%100%100%180\u00b0100%94%12%100%Light Goldenrod #FAFAD298%98%82%60\u00b080%90%16%98%Light Gray #D3D3D383%83%83%0\u00b00%83%0%83%Light GreyLight Green #90EE9056%93%56%120\u00b073%75%39%93%Light Pink #FFB6C1100%71%76%351\u00b0100%86%29%100%Light Salmon #FFA07A100%63%48%17\u00b0100%74%52%100%Light Sea Green #20B2AA13%70%67%177\u00b070%41%82%70%Light Sky Blue #87CEFA53%81%98%203\u00b092%76%46%98%Light Slate Gray #77889947%53%60%210\u00b014%53%22%60%Light Slate GreyLight Steel Blue #B0C4DE69%77%87%214\u00b041%78%21%87%Light Yellow #FFFFE0100%100%88%60\u00b0100%94%12%100%Lime #00FF000%100%0%120\u00b0100%50%100%100%Lime Green #32CD3220%80%20%120\u00b061%50%76%80%Linen #FAF0E698%94%90%30\u00b067%94%8%98%Magenta #FF00FF100%0%100%300\u00b0100%50%100%100%FuchsiaMaroon #B0306069%19%38%338\u00b057%44%73%69%X11 MaroonWeb Maroon #80000050%0%0%0\u00b0100%25%100%50%Medium Aquamarine #66CDAA40%80%67%160\u00b051%60%50%80%Medium Blue #0000CD0%0%80%240\u00b0100%40%100%80%Medium Orchid #BA55D373%33%83%288\u00b059%58%60%83%Medium Purple #9370DB58%44%86%260\u00b060%65%49%86%Medium Sea Green #3CB37124%70%44%147\u00b050%47%66%70%Medium Slate Blue #7B68EE48%41%93%249\u00b080%67%56%93%Medium Spring Green #00FA9A0%98%60%157\u00b0100%49%100%98%Medium Turquoise #48D1CC28%82%80%178\u00b060%55%66%82%Medium Violet Red #C7158578%8%52%322\u00b081%43%89%78%Midnight Blue #19197010%10%44%240\u00b064%27%78%44%Mint Cream #F5FFFA96%100%98%150\u00b0100%98%4%100%Misty Rose #FFE4E1100%89%88%6\u00b0100%94%12%100%Moccasin #FFE4B5100%89%71%38\u00b0100%86%29%100%Navajo White #FFDEAD100%87%68%36\u00b0100%84%32%100%Navy Blue #0000800%0%50%240\u00b0100%25%100%50%NavyOld Lace #FDF5E699%96%90%39\u00b085%95%9%99%Olive #80800050%50%0%60\u00b0100%25%100%50%Olive Drab #6B8E2342%56%14%80\u00b061%35%75%56%Orange #FFA500100%65%0%39\u00b0100%50%100%100%Orange Red #FF4500100%27%0%16\u00b0100%50%100%100%Orchid #DA70D685%44%84%302\u00b059%65%49%85%Pale Goldenrod #EEE8AA93%91%67%55\u00b067%80%29%93%Pale Green #98FB9860%98%60%120\u00b093%79%39%98%Pale Turquoise #AFEEEE69%93%93%180\u00b065%81%26%93%Pale Violet Red #DB709386%44%58%340\u00b060%65%49%86%Papaya Whip #FFEFD5100%94%84%37\u00b0100%92%16%100%Peach Puff #FFDAB9100%85%73%28\u00b0100%86%27%100%Peru #CD853F80%52%25%30\u00b059%53%69%80%Pink #FFC0CB100%75%80%350\u00b0100%88%25%100%Plum #DDA0DD87%63%87%300\u00b047%75%28%87%Powder Blue #B0E0E669%88%90%187\u00b052%80%23%90%Purple #A020F063%13%94%277\u00b087%53%87%94%X11 PurpleWeb Purple #80008050%0%50%300\u00b0100%25%100%50%Rebecca Purple #66339940%20%60%270\u00b050%40%67%60%Red #FF0000100%0%0%0\u00b0100%50%100%100%Rosy Brown #BC8F8F74%56%56%0\u00b025%65%24%74%Royal Blue #4169E125%41%88%225\u00b073%57%71%88%Saddle Brown #8B451355%27%7%25\u00b076%31%86%55%Salmon #FA807298%50%45%6\u00b093%71%54%98%Sandy Brown #F4A46096%64%38%28\u00b087%67%61%96%Sea Green #2E8B5718%55%34%146\u00b050%36%67%55%Seashell #FFF5EE100%96%93%25\u00b0100%97%7%100%Sienna #A0522D63%32%18%19\u00b056%40%72%63%Silver #C0C0C075%75%75%0\u00b00%75%0%75%Sky Blue #87CEEB53%81%92%197\u00b071%73%43%92%Slate Blue #6A5ACD42%35%80%248\u00b054%58%56%80%Slate Gray #70809044%50%56%210\u00b013%50%22%56%Slate GreySnow #FFFAFA100%98%98%0\u00b0100%99%2%100%Spring Green #00FF7F0%100%50%150\u00b0100%50%100%100%Steel Blue #4682B427%51%71%207\u00b044%49%61%71%Tan #D2B48C82%71%55%34\u00b044%69%33%82%Teal #0080800%50%50%180\u00b0100%25%100%50%Thistle #D8BFD885%75%85%300\u00b024%80%12%85%Tomato #FF6347100%39%28%9\u00b0100%64%72%100%Turquoise #40E0D025%88%82%174\u00b072%57%71%88%Violet #EE82EE93%51%93%300\u00b076%72%45%93%Wheat #F5DEB396%87%70%39\u00b077%83%27%96%White #FFFFFF100%100%100%0\u00b00%100%0%100%White Smoke #F5F5F596%96%96%0\u00b00%96%0%96%Yellow #FFFF00100%100%0%60\u00b0100%50%100%100%Yellow Green #9ACD3260%80%20%80\u00b061%50%76%80%* Prior to standardization as a web color, Gainsboro was included as one of the X11 color names.[13] It was, however, absent from the original 1987 version of the list,[14] but present in Paul Raveling’s version[15] which added, amongst other things, “[l]ight and off-white colors, copied from several Sinclair Paints color samples”.[16]Color variations[edit]Shades of gray[edit]The complete rgb.txt defines 101 shades from ‘Gray0’ (black) up to ‘Gray100’ (white) in addition to ‘Gray’ and its variants listed above. The shades are apparently defined by the formula GrayN\u00a0:= round(N% \u00d7 255) resulting in e.g. ‘Gray96’ \u2003, which happens to be the same as ‘White Smoke’. Similarly ‘Dim Gray’ is the same as ‘Gray41’ \u2003.On the other hand, ‘Gray’ \u2003 lies between ‘Gray74’ \u2003 and ‘Gray75’ \u2003; ‘Dark Gray’ \u2003 is not the same as ‘Gray66’ \u2003; and ‘Light Gray’ \u2003 is not the same as ‘Gray83’ \u2003.These shades are not included in W3C specifications, although drafts for level 4 of the CSS Color module include a similar function gray().They are still coded without ‘Grey’ alternatives, but with no space before the digit.Numbered variants[edit]For 78 colors (not counting grays), rgb.txt offers four variants “color1″, “color2″, “color3″, and “color4″, with “color1″ sometimes corresponding to “color“, so e.g. “Snow1” is the same as “Snow”. Unlike base colors, e.g. cadet blue and CadetBlue, these are only coded without spaces, e.g. CadetBlue3. These variations are neither supported by popular browsers nor adopted by W3C standards. Whether or not a certain color has such variants seems random.If “color1″ is not the same as “color“, the base color is usually darker. That means its brightness in HSB color notation is less than 100%; about 30 of the base colors are fully bright. The four variants (1…4) have rounded brightness values of 100%, 93%, 80% and 55%, respectively. Their hue and saturation are usually the same except for rounding. In some cases they differ from the base color, though, which may indicate that these variants were specified  with alternate definitions of the bases in mind, i.e. their values were adapted to a certain monitor which was commonly done by vendors until the 1990s.The fixed brightness settings correspond closely to these formulae to determine the RGB values:color1\u00a0:= color \u00d7 100%color2\u00a0:= color1 \u00d7 93.2%color3\u00a0:= color1 \u00d7 80.4%color4\u00a0:= color1 \u00d7 54.8%Examples:\u2003 “Yellow 2” (238, 238, 0) is based on \u2003 “Yellow” (255, 255, 0) with 255 \u00d7 0.932 = 237.66.\u2003 “Ivory 3” (205, 205, 193) is explained by \u2003 “Ivory” (255, 255, 240) where 255 \u00d7 0.804 = 205.02 and 240 \u00d7 0.804 = 192.96.\u2003 “Azure 4” (131, 139, 139) is close to \u2003 “Azure” (240, 255, 255) values transformed as 255 \u00d7 0.548 = 139.74 and 240 \u00d7 0.548 = 131.52.Named X11 colors with numbered variants (without grays)NameHueSaturationBrightnessStandardVariant 1 (100%)Variant 2 (93.2%)Variant 3 (80.4%)Variant 4 (54.8%)Antique White34\u00b11\u00b014%98%#FAEBD7#FFEFDB#EEDFCC#CDC0B0#8B8378Aquamarine160\u00b050%100%#7FFFD4\u2190#76EEC6#66CDAA#458B74Azure180\u00b06%100%#F0FFFF\u2190#E0EEEE#C1CDCD#838B8BBisque33\u00b11\u00b023%100%#FFE4C4\u2190#EED5B7#CDB79E#8B7D6BBlue240\u00b0100%100%#0000FF\u2190#0000EE#0000CD#00008BBrown0\u00b075%65%#A52A2A#FF4040#EE3B3B#CD3333#8B2323Burlywood34\u00b039%87%#DEB887#FFD39B#EEC591#CDAA7D#8B7355Cadet Blue182\u2013186\u00b0>40%63%#5F9EA0#98F5FF#8EE5EE#7AC5CD#53868BChartreuse90\u00b0100%100%#7FFF00\u2190#76EE00#66CD00#458B00Chocolate25\u00b086%82%#D2691E#FF7F24#EE7621#CD661D#8B4513Coral10\u00b0\/16\u00b066%\/69%100%#FF7F50#FF7256#EE6A50#CD5B45#8B3E2FCornsilk48\u201351\u00b014%100%#FFF8DC\u2190#EEE8CD#CDC8B1#8B8878Cyan180\u00b0100%100%#00FFFF\u2190#00EEEE#00CDCD#008B8BDark Goldenrod43\u00b094%72%#B8860B#FFB90F#EEAD0E#CD950C#8B6508Dark Olive Green82\u00b056%42%#556B2F#CAFF70#BCEE68#A2CD5A#6E8B3DDark Orange30\u00b0\/33\u00b0100%100%#FF8C00#FF7F00#EE7600#CD6600#8B4500Dark Orchid280\u00b076%80%#9932CC#BF3EFF#B23AEE#9A32CD#68228BDark Sea Green120\u00b024%74%#8FBC8F#C1FFC1#B4EEB4#9BCD9B#698B69Dark Slate Gray180\u00b041%31%#2F4F4F#97FFFF#8DEEEE#79CDCD#528B8BDeep Pink328\u00b092%100%#FF1493\u2190#EE1289#CD1076#8B0A50Deep Sky Blue195\u00b0100%100%#00BFFF\u2190#00B2EE#009ACD#00688BDodger Blue210\u00b088%100%#1E90FF\u2190#1C86EE#1874CD#104E8BFirebrick0\u00b081%70%#B22222#FF3030#EE2C2C#CD2626#8B1A1AGold51\u00b0100%100%#FFD700\u2190#EEC900#CDAD00#8B7500Goldenrod43\u00b086%86%#DAA520#FFC125#EEB422#CD9B1D#8B6914Green120\u00b0100%100%#00FF00\u2190#00EE00#00CD00#008B00Honeydew120\u00b06%100%#F0FFF0\u2190#E0EEE0#C1CDC1#838B83Hot Pink330\u2013334\u00b053\u201359%100%#FF69B4#FF6EB4#EE6AA7#CD6090#8B3A62Indian Red0\u00b055\u201359%80%#CD5C5C#FF6A6A#EE6363#CD5555#8B3A3AIvory60\u00b06%100%#FFFFF0\u2190#EEEEE0#CDCDC1#8B8B83Khaki55\u00b044%100%#F0E68C#FFF68F#EEE685#CDC673#8B864ELavender Blush339\u00b11\u00b06%100%#FFF0F5\u2190#EEE0E5#CDC1C5#8B8386Lemon Chiffon54\u00b020%100%#FFFACD\u2190#EEE9BF#CDC9A5#8B8970Light Blue195\u00b025%90%#ADD8E6#BFEFFF#B2DFEE#9AC0CD#68838BLight Cyan180\u00b012%100%#E0FFFF\u2190#D1EEEE#B4CDCD#7A8B8BLight Goldenrod50\u00b045%93%#EEDD82#FFEC8B#EEDC82#CDBE70#8B814CLight Pink351\u00b0\/352\u00b029%\/32%100%#FFB6C1#FFAEB9#EEA2AD#CD8C95#8B5F65Light Salmon17\u00b052%100%#FFA07A\u2190#EE9572#CD8162#8B5742Light Sky Blue202\u00b0\/203\u00b031%\/46%100%#87CEFA#B0E2FF#A4D3EE#8DB6CD#607B8BLight Steel Blue214\u00b021%87%#B0C4DE#CAE1FF#BCD2EE#A2B5CD#6E7B8BLight Yellow60\u00b012%100%#FFFFE0\u2190#EEEED1#CDCDB4#8B8B7AMagenta300\u00b0100%100%#FF00FF\u2190#EE00EE#CD00CD#8B008BMaroon322\u00b0\/338\u00b073%\/80%69%#B03060#FF34B3#EE30A7#CD2990#8B1C62Medium Orchid288\u00b060%83%#BA55D3#E066FF#D15FEE#B452CD#7A378BMedium Purple260\u00b049%86%#9370DB#AB82FF#9F79EE#8968CD#5D478BMisty Rose6\u00b012%100%#FFE4E1\u2190#EED5D2#CDB7B5#8B7D7BNavajo White36\u00b032%100%#FFDEAD\u2190#EECFA1#CDB38B#8B795EOlive Drab80\u00b076%56%#6B8E23#C0FF3E#B3EE3A#9ACD32#698B22Orange39\u00b0100%100%#FFA500\u2190#EE9A00#CD8500#8B5A00Orange Red16\u00b0100%100%#FF4500\u2190#EE4000#CD3700#8B2500Orchid302\u00b049%86%#DA70D6#FF83FA#EE7AE9#CD69C9#8B4789Pale Green120\u00b040%98%#98FB98#9AFF9A#90EE90#7CCD7C#548B54Pale Turquoise180\u00b027%93%#AFEEEE#BBFFFF#AEEEEE#96CDCD#668B8BPale Violet Red340\u00b049%86%#DB7093#FF82AB#EE799F#CD6889#8B475DPeach Puff28\u00b027%100%#FFDAB9\u2190#EECBAD#CDAF95#8B7765Pink347\u00b0\/350\u00b025%\/29%100%#FFC0CB#FFB5C5#EEA9B8#CD919E#8B636CPlum300\u00b027%87%#DDA0DD#FFBBFF#EEAEEE#CD96CD#8B668BPurple271\u00b0\/277\u00b081%\/87%94%#A020F0#9B30FF#912CEE#7D26CD#551A8BRed0\u00b0100%100%#FF0000\u2190#EE0000#CD0000#8B0000Rosy Brown0\u00b024%74%#BC8F8F#FFC1C1#EEB4B4#CD9B9B#8B6969Royal Blue225\u00b072%88%#4169E1#4876FF#436EEE#3A5FCD#27408BSalmon6\u00b0\/14\u00b054%\/59%98%#FA8072#FF8C69#EE8262#CD7054#8B4C39Sea Green147\u00b067%55%#2E8B57#54FF9F#4EEE94#43CD80#2E8B57Seashell26\u00b11\u00b07%100%#FFF5EE\u2190#EEE5DE#CDC5BF#8B8682Sienna19\u00b072%63%#A0522D#FF8247#EE7942#CD6839#8B4726Sky Blue197\u00b0\/205\u00b043%\/47%92%#87CEEB#87CEFF#7EC0EE#6CA6CD#4A708BSlate Blue248\u00b057%80%#6A5ACD#836FFF#7A67EE#6959CD#473C8BSlate Gray210\u00b022%57%#708090#C6E2FF#B9D3EE#9FB6CD#6C7B8BSnow0\u00b02%100%#FFFAFA\u2190#EEE9E9#CDC9C9#8B8989Spring Green150\u00b0100%100%#00FF7F\u2190#00EE76#00CD66#008B45Steel Blue207\u00b061%71%#4682B4#63B8FF#5CACEE#4F94CD#36648BTan30\u00b0\/34\u00b033%\/69%82%#D2B48C#FFA54F#EE9A49#CD853F#8B5A2BThistle300\u00b012%85%#D8BFD8#FFE1FF#EED2EE#CDB5CD#8B7B8BTomato9\u00b072%100%#FF6347\u2190#EE5C42#CD4F39#8B3626Turquoise174\u00b0\/182\u00b071%\/100%88%#40E0D0#00F5FF#00E5EE#00C5CD#00868BViolet Red322\u00b0\/333\u00b076%\/85%82%#D02090#FF3E96#EE3A8C#CD3278#8B2252Wheat39\u00b027%96%#F5DEB3#FFE7BA#EED8AE#CDBA96#8B7E66Yellow60\u00b0100%100%#FFFF00\u2190#EEEE00#CDCD00#8B8B00Prefixed variants[edit]Some color names appear to be brightness or saturation modifications of others because they bear prefixes such as Dark, Light, Medium, Pale or Deep, but there is no systematic variation apparent. Several sets, however, feature a Dark variant with 55% brightness and some have their Medium at about 80%.“Light Goldenrod Yellow” and “Dark Olive Green” are special, because there are no corresponding color entries without Dark and Light prefixes.Color names with modifier prefixColor nameBasePaleLightMediumDarkDeepotherAquamarine100% bright80% brightBlue100% brightcomplex80% bright55% brightSlate Blue80% bright100% bright93% bright55% brightSky Bluecomplex100% saturated and brightSteel BluecomplexCoralcomplexCyan100% bright, 50% light94% light55% brightGoldenrodcomplexcomplexcomplexcomplexGray75% bright83% bright66% bright41% brightSlate Gray57% bright60% brightcomplexGreen100% bright98% bright93% bright39% bright50% brightOlive Green\u2014complexcomplexSea Green55% brightcomplex70% brightcomplexSpring Green100% brightcomplexKhaki94% bright74% brightMagenta100% bright55% brightOrange39\u00b0 hue33\u00b0 hueOrchidcomplexcomplexPink88% light86% lightcomplexcomplexPurplecomplexcomplexViolet Red47% light, 82% brightcomplex43% light, 78% brightRed100% bright55% brightSalmoncomplexcomplexTurquoisecomplexcomplexcomplexVioletcomplexYellow50% light94% lightNuances with different hue[edit]Several groups of colors share the same lightness or brightness and saturation. These nuances differ only by hue.100%\/25%0\u00b0 \u00a0 (Web) Maroon, 60\u00b0 \u00a0 Olive, 120\u00b0 \u00a0 Green, 180\u00b0 \u00a0 Teal, 240\u00b0 \u00a0 Navy (Blue), 300\u00b0 \u00a0 (Web) Purple100%\/27%0\u00b0 \u00a0 Dark Red, 180\u00b0 \u00a0 Dark Cyan, 240\u00b0 \u00a0 Dark Blue, 300\u00b0 \u00a0 Dark Magenta100%\/41%181\u00b0 \u00a0 Dark Turquoise, 282\u00b0 \u00a0 Dark Violet100%\/49%90\u00b0 \u00a0 Lawn Green, 157\u00b0 \u00a0 Medium Spring Green61%\/50%80\u00b0 \u00a0 Yellow Green, 120\u00b0 \u00a0 Lime Green, 280\u00b0 \u00a0 Dark Orchid100%\/50%0\u00b0 \u00a0 Red, 16\u00b0 \u00a0 Orange Red, 33\u00b0 \u00a0 Dark Orange, 39\u00b0 \u00a0 Orange, 51\u00b0 \u00a0 Gold, 60\u00b0 \u00a0 Yellow, 90\u00b0 \u00a0 Chartreuse, 120\u00b0 \u00a0 (Lime) Green, 150\u00b0 \u00a0 Spring Green, 180\u00b0 \u00a0 Aqua \/ Cyan, 195\u00b0 \u00a0 Deep Sky Blue, 240\u00b0 \u00a0 Blue, 300\u00b0 \u00a0 Fuchsia \/ Magenta25%\/65%0\u00b0 \u00a0 Rosy Brown, 120\u00b0 \u00a0 Dark Sea Green59\u201360%\/65%260\u00b0 \u00a0 Medium Purple, 302\u00b0 \u00a0 Orchid, 340\u00b0 \u00a0 Pale Violet Red100%\/86%38\u00b0 \u00a0 Moccasin, 351\u00b0 \u00a0 Light Pink100%\/90%36\u00b0 \u00a0 Blanched Almond, 54\u00b0 \u00a0 Lemon Chiffon67%\/94%30\u00b0 \u00a0 Linen, 240\u00b0 \u00a0 Lavender100%\/94%6\u00b0 \u00a0 Misty Rose, 60\u00b0 \u00a0 Light Yellow, 180\u00b0 \u00a0 Light Cyan100%\/97%25\u00b0 \u00a0 Seashell, 40\u00b0 \u00a0 Floral White, 60\u00b0 \u00a0 Ivory, 120\u00b0 \u00a0 Honeydew, 180\u00b0 \u00a0 Azure, 208\u00b0 \u00a0 Alice Blue, 340\u00b0 \u00a0 Lavender Blush100%\/99%0\u00b0 \u00a0 Snow, 240\u00b0 \u00a0 Ghost WhiteTints and shades with different lightness[edit]Several groups of colors share the same hue and HSL saturation. Tints are lighter than a base color, shades are darker.0\u00b0\/0%0% \u00a0 Black, 41% \u00a0 Dim Gray, 50% \u00a0 (Web) Gray, 66% \u00a0 Dark Gray, 75% \u00a0 (X11) Gray, 75% \u00a0 Silver, 83% \u00a0 Light Gray, 86% \u00a0 Gainsboro, 96% \u00a0 White Smoke, 100% \u00a0 White0\u00b0\/100%25% \u00a0 (Web) Maroon, 27% \u00a0 Dark Red, 50% \u00a0 Red, 99% \u00a0 Snow16\u00b0\/100%50% \u00a0 Orange Red, 66% \u00a0 Coral33\u00b0\/100%50% \u00a0 Dark Orange, 88% \u00a0 Bisque36\u00b0\/100%84% \u00a0 Navajo White, 90% \u00a0 Blanched Almond60\u00b0\/100%25% \u00a0 Olive, 50% \u00a0 Yellow, 94% \u00a0 Light Yellow, 97% \u00a0 Ivory80\u00b0\/61%35% \u00a0 Olive Drab, 50% \u00a0 Yellow Green90\u00b0\/100%49% \u00a0 Lawn Green, 50% \u00a0 Chartreuse120\u00b0\/61%34% \u00a0 Forest Green, 50% \u00a0 Lime Green120\u00b0\/100%20% \u00a0 Dark Green, 25% \u00a0 (Web) Green, 50% \u00a0 (X11) Green \/ Lime, 97% \u00a0 Honeydew146\u2013147\u00b0\/50%36% \u00a0 Sea Green, 47% \u00a0 Medium Sea Green150\u00b0\/100%50% \u00a0 Spring Green, 98% \u00a0 Mint Cream180\u2013181\u00b0\/100%25% \u00a0 Teal, 27% \u00a0 Dark Cyan, 41% \u00a0 Dark Turquoise, 50% \u00a0 Aqua \/ Cyan, 94% \u00a0 Light Cyan, 97% \u00a0 Azure240\u00b0\/100%25% \u00a0 Navy Blue, 27% \u00a0 Dark Blue, 40% \u00a0 Medium Blue, 50% \u00a0 Blue, 99% \u00a0 Ghost White300\u00b0\/100%25% \u00a0 (Web) Purple, 27% \u00a0 Dark Magenta, 50% \u00a0 Fuchsia \/ Magenta328\u2013330\u00b0\/100%54% \u00a0 Deep Pink, 71% \u00a0 Hot Pink350\u2013351\u00b0\/100%88% \u00a0 Pink, 86% \u00a0 Light PinkTones with different saturation[edit]Some pairs of colors share the same lightness and hue. These tones differ only by saturation. Tones are far less common in the X11 set than nuances, tints and shades.0\u00b0\/41%0% \u00a0 Dim Gray, 59% \u00a0 Brown120\u00b0\/50%61% \u00a0 Lime Green, 100% \u00a0 Green \/ Lime180\u00b0\/25%25% \u00a0 Dark Slate Gray, 100% \u00a0 Teal240\u00b0\/27%64% \u00a0 Midnight Blue, 100% \u00a0 Dark BlueDerived lists[edit]The Printer Working Group (PWG) of the IEEE publishes a standard, PWG 5101.1, whose mandatory color names are based upon RFC 3805, successor to RFC 1759 which imported the functional color names other, unknown and transparent alongside seven basic colors from ISO 10175 (DPA) and ISO 10180 (SPDL), and JTAPI.[17] This standard has four variants for each non-monochromatic color: clear (50% transparent), dark, light and the default. Wherever possible, the values are the same as in the W3C adaptation of the X11 list, except for Turquoise which is \u00a0 instead of \u00a0. Missing variant values have been added systematically. Buff and Mustard are completely new color names. Light Black and Gray correspond to the same color.PWG 5101.1 Media Color NamesNameHex(RGB)Red(RGB)Green(RGB)Blue(RGB)Hue(HSL\/HSV)Satur.(HSL)Light(HSL)Satur.(HSV)Value(HSV)X11\/W3C (Source)Black #0000000%0%0%0\u00b00%0%0%0%BlackLight Black #80808050%50%50%0\u00b00%50%0%50%GrayBlue #0000FF0%0%100%240\u00b0100%50%100%100%Blue (RFC)Dark Blue #00008B0%0%55%240\u00b0100%27%100%55%Dark BlueLight Blue #ADD8E668%85%90%195\u00b053%79%25%90%Light BlueBrown #A52A2A65%16%16%0\u00b059%41%75%65%BrownDark Brown #5C403336%25%20%19\u00b029%28%45%36% Light Brown #99660060%40%0%40\u00b0100%30%100%60% Buff #F0DC8294%86%51%49\u00b079%73%46%94%(RFC)Dark Buff #97663859%40%22%29\u00b046%41%63%59% Light Buff #ECD9B093%85%69%41\u00b061%81%25%93% Cyan #00FFFF0%100%100%180\u00b0100%50%100%100%Aqua \/ CyanDark Cyan #008B8B0%55%55%180\u00b0100%27%100%55%Dark CyanLight Cyan #E0FFFF88%100%100%180\u00b0100%94%12%100%Light CyanGold #FFD700100%84%0%51\u00b0100%50%100%100%GoldDark Gold #EEBC1D93%74%11%46\u00b086%52%88%93% Light Gold #F1E5AC95%90%67%50\u00b071%81%29%95% Goldenrod #DAA52085%65%13%43\u00b074%49%85%86%Goldenrod (RFC)Dark Goldenrod #B8860B72%53%4%43\u00b089%38%94%72%Dark GoldenrodLight Goldenrod #FFEC8B100%93%55%50\u00b0100%77%46%100%Light Goldenrod 1Gray #80808050%50%50%0\u00b00%50%0%50%GrayDark Gray #40404025%25%25%0\u00b00%25%0%25% Light Gray #D3D3D383%83%83%0\u00b00%83%0%83%Light GrayGreen #0080000%50%0%120\u00b0100%25%100%50%(W3C) Green (RFC)Dark Green #0064000%39%0%120\u00b0100%20%100%39%Dark GreenLight Green #90EE9056%93%56%120\u00b073%75%40%93%Light GreenIvory #FFFFF0100%100%94%60\u00b0100%97%6%100%IvoryDark Ivory #F2E58F95%90%56%52\u00b079%76%41%95% Light Ivory #FFF8C9100%97%79%52\u00b0100%89%21%100% Magenta #FF00FF100%0%100%300\u00b0100%50%100%100%MagentaDark Magenta #8B008B55%0%55%300\u00b0100%27%100%55%Dark Magenta, Magenta 4Light Magenta #FF77FF100%47%100%300\u00b0100%73%53%100% Mustard #FFDB58100%86%35%47\u00b0100%67%66%100% Dark Mustard #7C7C4049%49%25%60\u00b032%37%48%49% Light Mustard #EEDD6293%87%38%53\u00b081%66%59%93% Orange #FFA500100%65%0%39\u00b0100%50%100%100%OrangeDark Orange #FF8C00100%55%0%33\u00b0100%50%100%100%Dark OrangeLight Orange #D9A46585%64%40%33\u00b060%62%54%85% Pink #FFC0CB100%75%80%350\u00b0100%88%25%100%Pink (RFC)Dark Pink #E7548091%33%50%342\u00b075%62%64%91% Light Pink #FFB6C1100%71%76%351\u00b0100%86%29%100%Light PinkRed #FF0000100%0%0%0\u00b0100%50%100%100%RedDark Red #8B000055%0%0%0\u00b0100%27%100%55%Dark Red, Red 4Light Red #FF3333100%20%20%0\u00b0100%60%80%100% Silver #C0C0C075%75%75%0\u00b00%75%0%75%SilverDark Silver #AFAFAF69%69%69%0\u00b00%69%0%69% Light Silver #E1E1E188%88%88%0\u00b00%88%0%88% Turquoise #30D5C819%84%78%175\u00b066%51%78%84%(0x40E0D0)Dark Turquoise #00CED10%81%82%181\u00b0100%41%100%82%Dark TurquoiseLight Turquoise #AFE4DE69%89%87%173\u00b050%79%23%89% Violet #EE82EE93%51%93%300\u00b076%72%45%93%VioletDark Violet #9400D358%0%83%282\u00b0100%41%100%83%Dark VioletLight Violet #7A529948%32%60%274\u00b030%46%46%60% White #FFFFFF100%100%100%0\u00b00%100%0%100%White (RFC)Yellow#FFFF00100%100%0%60\u00b0100%50%100%100%Yellow (RFC)Dark Yellow #FFCC00100%80%0%48\u00b0100%50%100%100% Light Yellow #FFFFE0100%100%88%60\u00b0100%94%12%100%Light YellowSee also[edit]References[edit]^ Tveten, Julianne (October 11, 2015). ““Tomato” versus “#FF6347″\u2014the tragicomic history of CSS color names”. Ars Technica. Retrieved October 11, 2015.^ Nye, Adrian (1990). Xlib programming manual\u00a0: for version 11 of the X Window System (2nd ed. covers release 3 and release 4, major revisions.\u00a0ed.). [Sebastapol, CA]: O’Reilly & Associates. ISBN\u00a00-937175-11-0.^ “ModuleVersions”. Retrieved 2014-08-21.^ Stone, Daniel (5 November 2007). “Remove all traces of external RGB database (and Speedo)”. Retrieved 2014-08-26.^ “~alanc\/xc-historical – Partial\/incomplete import of X consortium historical RCS up to X11R6.0”. freedesktop.org.^ Sexton, Alex (12 March 2014). “Last call comments on CSS3 module: color”. www-style@w3.org mailing list. World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 12 March 2014.^ “Netscape.com”. Wp.netscape.com. Retrieved 2013-08-14.^ “Cascading Style Sheets, level 1”. www.w3.org. Retrieved 2016-11-15.^ “CSS Color Module Level 4”. drafts.csswg.org. Retrieved 2016-11-15.^ a b c HTML 4.0: Basic HTML data types^ Current official rgb.txt from the X.org source tree at Freedesktop.org^ “Lists.w3.org”. w3.org. April 2002. Retrieved 2013-08-14.^ “rgb.txt”. X colorname to RGB mapping database. X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 18 September 2017.^ “others\/old-rgb.txt”. X colorname to RGB mapping database. X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 18 September 2017.^ “others\/raveling.txt”. X colorname to RGB mapping database. X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 18 September 2017.^ “others\/README”. X colorname to RGB mapping database. X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 18 September 2017.^ Free Standards Group (FSG) \/ OpenPrinting, ed. (2005-03-15), Job Ticket Application Programming Interface (JTAPI) (PDF), 1.00External links[edit]     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki8\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki8\/x11-color-names-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"X11 color names – Wikipedia"}}]}]