[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki9\/nar-as-samum-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki9\/nar-as-samum-wikipedia\/","headline":"Nar as-samum – Wikipedia","name":"Nar as-samum – Wikipedia","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Sam\u016bm (Arabic: \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 also spelled Simoom or Semum; from the root \u0633 \u0645 \u0645 s-m-m,","datePublished":"2019-06-25","dateModified":"2019-06-25","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki9\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki9\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/book.png","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/book.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","height":"1","width":"1"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki9\/nar-as-samum-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2995,"articleBody":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaSam\u016bm (Arabic: \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 also spelled Simoom or Semum; from the root \u0633 \u0645 \u0645 s-m-m, \u0633\u0645 “to poison”) is a fire related to demons in Ancient Arabic lore and later Islamic beliefs. As a kind of fire, it is also the origin of some kinds of evil spirits and further identified with both the fires of hell and the fire of the sun. The Samum probably originated from Jewish lore as an anthropomorphization of poisonous wind, which was probably also the origin of the concept of Samael and his lesser devils.[1]Islam further develops the relation between the fires of Samum and Satan by asserting, that he or at least his minor devils, are created from the fires of Samum.[2]Etymology[edit]The term Sam\u016bm derives from the root s-m-m \u0633\u0645, which means “to poison”. It is also used of referring to a hot, dusty desert wind.[3][4] In Talmudic and post-Talmudic literature the wind of Samum became a demon[1] and the name of the Midrashic devil Samael is linguistical related to it.[5][6]Johann Gottfried Eichhorn relates the term to the Three Days of Darkness in Book of Exodus.[7] Accordingly, the darkness comes just with the tempest of Samum.[8] In the Quran the term appears in Quran\u00a056:42 as the tormenting fires of Jahannam. Another time it occurs in Quran\u00a015:27 as the origin of Jann, the first and father of jinn. In Islamic traditions, it is usually interpreted as a kind of fire, which penetrates through the skin of human body in contrast to marijin min nar. However, both fires became usually associated with dangerous spirits.[9] Later, Manichaeans referred to the pestilential wind in one of the five Kingdoms of the Prince of Darkness as Samum.[10]Composition[edit]Tabari offers many interpretations for the nature of sam\u016bm. In one interpretation he provides, sam\u016bm is “hot wind which kills” and in another “the flame of the fire of the hot wind” and yet in another he relates it to “night-wind” in opposition to harur (day-wind). Further, he states, some hold sam\u016bm to be the hell-fire (nar jahannama). On the authority of Abu Ubaidah, sam\u016bm is the fire that “penetrates the pores due to its fineness in the day-time as well as at night”. Abu S\u00e3lih is reported as saying that sam\u016bm is smokeless fire located between the heavens and the veil. Tabari concludes, it is the heart of a flame and not wind, as others indicated.[11] According to Ibn Abbas, the sam\u016bm is “the worst hot fire which kills”. On the authority of ‘Amir ibn Dinar, sam\u016bm is the fire of the sun.[12]Cosmographics in the medieval age of Islam usually depicted the sun setting on the gates of hell, and deriving its heat from the fires of hell (i.e. nar as-samum) during night. On day time, the sun emits the fire of hell over earth.[13]:\u200a42\u200a Most mufassirs repeat the mentioned interpretations, but usually more briefly.[14]Spirits[edit]The Pre-Islamic Bedouins believed in various spirits, such as jinn, afarit and demons. One of these spirits is the whirlwind Samum.[15][16]Quran exegetes (mufassirs) however, usually do not refer to Samum as a creature on its own but to the origin of a specific entity. Authorized by Ibn Abbas, Tabari distinguishes between angels created from light, the jinn created from a mixture of fire, and Iblis and the angels among him as created from the Fires of Samum.[17] In some accounts, this tribe of angels is called Al-Hinn.[18] Another story regards the Fires of Samum as the origin of a wife for Iblis, created by God after Iblis was banished from heaven, with whom he begot the demons.[19]According to Al-Suyuti, Samum is the primogenitor of spirits.[20]Popular culture[edit]Studies in Ottoman lore mention the hotwind Samum as a Div, who assists Iblis in his plots against the prophet Solomon. He is also named Rothwind.[21] The 2008 Turkish horror film Semum is about a Sam\u016bm, allegedly based on different independent narrations about possessed people, claiming to encountered a demon called Samum.[22] This Samum is depicted as a creature from hell itself, summoned by a witch forced to possess a woman. Samum is fashioned after the Islamic conception of a devil.[23]See also[edit]References[edit]^ a b L\u00f6winger, Adolf (1924). “Der Windgeist Keteb”. Mitteilungen zur j\u00fcdischen Volkskunde. 26\/27: 157\u2013170. JSTOR\u00a041459639.^ Reynolds, Gabriel Said. “Angels”. Encyclopaedia of Islam. doi:10.1163\/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23204.^ John Penrice A Dictionary and Glossary of the Koran: With Grammatical References and Explanations of the Text Biblo & Tannen Publishers 1969 ISBN\u00a0978-0-819-60252-7 page 72^ Rashid al-Din Rashid al-Din’s History of India: Collected Essays with Facsimiles and Indices Walter de Gruyter 1965 ISBN\u00a0978-3-111-71602-2^ John Hamilton Warrack, John Warrack Carl Maria Von Weber CUP Archive 1976 ISBN\u00a0978-0-521-29121-7 page 214^ Johann Christian August Heyse Dr. Joh. Christ. Aug. Heyse’s allgemeines verdeutschendes und erkl\u00e4rendes Fremdw\u00f6rterbuch: mit Bezeichnung der Aussprache und Betonung der W\u00f6rter nebst genauer Angabe ihrer Abstammung und Bildung Hahn, Lyon Public Library 1873 Digit. 9. Febr. 2017 p. 833^ William Jenks Genesis-Judges J.B. Lippincott & Company, 1859 Pennsylvania State University Digit. 2010 p. 250^ Marcus Moritz Kalisch Shemot: Exodus Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1855 Harvard University Digit. 22. Nov. 2006 p. 169^ Mehmet Yavuz Seker A Map of the Divine Subtle Faculty: The Concept of the Heart in the Works of Ghazali, Said Nursi, and Fethullah Gulen Tughra Books, 07.04.2015 ISBN\u00a09781597848770 part 4^ Jason David BeDuhn The Manichaean Body: In Discipline and Ritual JHU Press, 16.07.2002 ISBN\u00a09780801871078 p. 74^ Peter J. Awn Satan’s Tragedy and Redemption: Ibl\u012bs in Sufi Psychology BRILL 1983 ISBN\u00a09789004069060 p. 31^ Racius, Egdunas (1999). “Islamic Exegesis on the jinn: Their origin, kinds and substance and their relation to other beings”. Studia Orientalia Electronica. 85: 127\u2013138.^ Lange, Christian (2016). Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions. Cambridge United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN\u00a0978-0-521-50637-3.^ The Society Studia Orientalia, Band 85 1999 University of MichiganDigit. 23. Febr. 2008^ Worrell, William H. (1918). “The Demon of Noonday and Some Related Ideas”. Journal of the American Oriental Society. 38: 160\u2013166. doi:10.2307\/592600. JSTOR\u00a0592600.^ N. S. Kirabaev, I\ufe20U\ufe21ri\u012d Mikha\u012dlovich Pochta, Iurii Mikhailovich Pochta Values in Islamic Culture and the Experience of History, Band 1 CRVP, 2002 ISBN\u00a09781565181335 p. 275^  Tabari, Muhammad ibn Yarir al- Tabari, Tabari The History of al-Tabari Vol. 1: General Introduction and From the Creation to the Flood UNY Press, 23.03.1989 ISBN\u00a09780887065637 p. 252^ Mahmoud M. Ayoub The Qur’an and Its Interpreters: Surah 1 and 2 Islamic Book Trust 2012 ISBN\u00a0978-9-675-06290-2 page 74^ Patrick Hughes, Thomas Patrick Hughes Dictionary of Islam Asian Educational Services 1995 ISBN\u00a0978-8-120-60672-2 p. 137^ Tobias N\u00fcnlist D\u00e4monenglaube im Islam Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2015 ISBN\u00a0978-3-110-33168-4 p. 103 (German)^ Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph Freiherr von (2016). Rosen\u00f6l. Erstes und zweytes Fl\u00e4schchen: Sagen und Kunden des Morgenlandes aus arabischen, persischen und t\u00fcrkischen Quellen gesammelt. ISBN\u00a0978-3-86199-486-2.[page\u00a0needed]^ G\u00f6n\u00fcl D\u00f6nmez-Colin The Routledge Dictionary of Turkish Cinema Routledge 2013 ISBN\u00a0978-1-317-93726-5 page 130^ \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaren  Global Fears \u2013Local Dressing: New Turkish Horrors* "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki9\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/en\/wiki9\/nar-as-samum-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Nar as-samum – Wikipedia"}}]}]