[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/es\/wiki01\/2022\/01\/10\/tony-kushner-wikipedia-la-enciclopedia-libre\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/es\/wiki01\/2022\/01\/10\/tony-kushner-wikipedia-la-enciclopedia-libre\/","headline":"Tony Kushner – Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre","name":"Tony Kushner – Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre","description":"Anthony Robert “Tony” Kushner (Nueva York; 16 de julio de 1956) es un dramaturgo y guionista estadounidense, galardonado con el","datePublished":"2022-01-10","dateModified":"2023-02-25","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/es\/wiki01\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/es\/wiki01\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","url":"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","height":"1","width":"1"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/es\/wiki01\/2022\/01\/10\/tony-kushner-wikipedia-la-enciclopedia-libre\/","wordCount":3163,"articleBody":"Anthony Robert “Tony” Kushner (Nueva York; 16 de julio de 1956) es un dramaturgo y guionista estadounidense, galardonado con el Premio Pulitzer en 1992 por su obra \u00c1ngeles en Am\u00e9rica: una fantas\u00eda (Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes), y coautor, junto a Eric Roth del guion de la pel\u00edcula, M\u00fanich dirigida por Steven Spielberg en 2005.  Table of ContentsVida y carrera[editar]El estilo de Kushner[editar]Vida personal[editar]Bibliograf\u00eda[editar]Obras[editar]Libros[editar]Ensayos[editar]Otros trabajos[editar]Entrevistas[editar]Premios y nominaciones[editar]Referencias[editar]Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n[editar]Enlaces externos[editar]Vida y carrera[editar]Kushner naci\u00f3 en Manhattan, Nueva York, hijo del clarinetista y director de orquesta jud\u00edo William Kushner y de la bajista Sylvia Deutscher. Poco despu\u00e9s de su nacimiento la familia se mud\u00f3 a Lake Charles, Luisiana, en donde transcurri\u00f3 su infancia. Durante los estudios de secundaria Kushner alcanz\u00f3 una cierta fama en los concursos de debate. Kushner se mud\u00f3 a Nueva York en 1974 para continuar su educaci\u00f3n en la Universidad de Columbia, en la que se gradu\u00f3 en estudios medievales en 1978. Estudi\u00f3 direcci\u00f3n en Universidad de Nueva York hasta 1984. All\u00ed, durante los veranos de 1978 a 1981 dirigi\u00f3 dos tempranas obras de su propia autor\u00eda (Masque of Owls e Incidents and Occurrences During the Travels of the Tailor Max) as\u00ed como obras de Shakespeare (“El Sue\u00f1o de Una Noche de Verano” y “La Tempestad”) para los ni\u00f1os que asist\u00edan al Programa para Ni\u00f1os con Talento (Governor’s Program for Gifted Children (GPGC)) en Lake Charles. En 2008, recibi\u00f3 el t\u00edtulo honor\u00edfico de Doctor en Letras del Doctor of Letters from SUNY Purchase College.La obra m\u00e1s conocida de Kushner es \u00c1ngeles en Am\u00e9rica: una fantas\u00eda (una obra en dos partes: Millennium Approaches y Perestroika), una historia \u00e9pica de siete horas sobre la epidemia del SIDA en el Nueva York de la era Reagan. La obra fue posteriormente adaptada para una miniserie para la cual el propio Kushner escribi\u00f3 el guion. Otros trabajos suyos incluyen Hydriotaphia, Slavs!: Thinking About the Longstanding Problems of Virtue and Happiness, A Bright Room Called Day, Homebody\/Kabul, y el libreto del musical Caroline, or Change. Su nueva traducci\u00f3n de Madre Coraje y sus Hijos de Bertolt Brecht fue llevada a escena en el Delacorte Theater en el verano de 2006, siendo representada por Meryl Streep y dirigida por George C. Wolfe. Kushner ha adaptado igualmente otras obras como El alma buena de Szechwan de Bertolt Brecht, La ilusi\u00f3n de Corneille, y la pieza teatral The Dybbuk de S. Ansky.  Kushner \u00faltimamente se ha introducido en el mundo del cine. Ha coescrito el guion de M\u00fanich, la pel\u00edcula producida y dirigida por Steven Spielberg de 2005.En enero de 2006, un documental sobre Kushner titulado Wrestling With Angels (“Luchando con \u00c1ngeles”) fue exhibido en el Festival de Sundance Sundance Film Festival. El film fue dirigido por Freida Lee Mock. Actualmente se encuentra trabajando de nuevo con Spielberg, escribiendo el guion para una nueva pel\u00edcula sobre el complejo personaje de Abraham Lincoln.Kushner es conocido por las constantes revisiones que hace de sus textos y la larga gestaci\u00f3n (a veces durante a\u00f1os) de su piezas. Tanto “\u00c1ngeles en Am\u00e9rica: Perestroika” como Homebody\/Kabul fueron significativamente revisadas incluso despu\u00e9s de haber sido ya publicadas. Su \u00faltima obra finalizada, la obra teatral The Intelligent Homosexual’s Guide to Capitalism and Socialism with a Key to the Scriptures, fue concebida inicialmente como una novela, hace m\u00e1s de una d\u00e9cada.El estilo de Kushner[editar]Las obras y los guiones de Kushner son a menudo una ruptura con el realismo t\u00edpico, experimentando con la narraci\u00f3n convencional a partir de episodios m\u00e1s cortos de lo habitual. Por ejemplo, las obras conjuntas de “\u00c1ngeles en Am\u00e9rica” contienen entre todas casi 50 escenas. Sus di\u00e1logos, condensados y realzados compactan la acci\u00f3n en concisos e impactantes estallidos. Tambi\u00e9n se muestra eficaz en una estructura m\u00e1s tradicional y larga; tres de los actos en “Perestroika” son escenas largas y \u00fanicas. Pero no tiene miedo de emplear momentos espectaculares y extraordinarios, dif\u00edciles de representar. Por ejemplo: tambi\u00e9n en “\u00c1ngeles en Am\u00e9rica” podemos ser testigos de la aparici\u00f3n a medianoche de un \u00e1ngel o de la aparici\u00f3n, a plena luz del d\u00faa, del heraldo de una Revelaci\u00f3n b\u00edblica. Sus obras A Bright Room Called Day, y The Illusion, su adaptaci\u00f3n de 1990 de L’illusion Comique de Pierre Corneille, est\u00e1n inicialmente escritas en verso, demostrando un amor casi shakesperiano hacia la poes\u00eda. En cualquier caso, sus temas son siempre actuales, y, como Henrik Ibsen, crea historias que dan lugar al debate sobre temas sociales, en lugar de limitarse a ser meras “comedias de enredo”.  Vida personal[editar]Kushner y su pareja desde hace tiempo, Mark Harris, editor de Entertainment Weekly y autor de Pictures at a Revolution – Five Movies and the Birth of the New Hollywood celebraron su boda en abril de 2003.[1]\u200bBibliograf\u00eda[editar]Obras[editar]The Age of Assassins, New York, Newfoundland Theatre, 1982.La Fin de la Baleine: An Opera for the Apocalypse, New York, Ohio Theatre, 1983.The Heavenly Theatre, produced at New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, 1984.The Umbrella Oracle, Martha’s Vineyard, The Yard, Inc..Last Gasp at the Cataract, Martha’s Vineyard, The Yard, Inc., 1984.Yes, Yes, No, No: The Solace-of-Solstice, Apogee\/Perigee, Bestial\/Celestial Holiday Show, produced in St. Louis, Missouri, Imaginary Theatre Company, Repertory Theatre of St. Louis, 1985, published in Plays in Process, 1987.Stella (adapted from the play by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe), produced in New York City, 1987.A Bright Room Called Day, produced in New York, Theatre 22, 22 April 1985; San Francisco, Eureka Theatre, October 1987; London, Bush Theatre, 1988), Broadway Play Publishing, 1991.In Great Eliza’s Golden Time, produced in St. Louis, Missouri, Imaginary Theatre Company, Repertory Theatre of St. Louis, 1986.Hydriotaphia, produced in New York City, 1987 (based on the life on Sir Thomas Browne)The Illusion (adapted from Pierre Corneille’s play L’Illusion comique; produced in New York City, 1988, revised version produced in Hartford, CT, 1990), Broadway Play Publishing, 1991.In That Day (Lives of the Prophets), New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, 1989.(With Ariel Dorfman) Widows (adapted from a book by Ariel Dorfman), produced in Los \u00c1ngeles, CA, 1991.Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes, Part One: Millennium Approaches (produced in San Francisco, 1991), Hern, 1992.Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes, Part Two: Perestroika, produced in New York City, 1992.Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes (includes both parts), Theatre Communications Group (New York, NY), 1995.Slavs! Thinking About the Longstanding Problems of Virtue and Happiness, Theatre Communications Group, 1995.Reverse Transcription: Six Playwrights Bury a Seventh, A Ten-Minute Play That’s Nearly Twenty Minutes Long, Louisville, Humana Festival of New American Plays, Actors Theatre of Louisville, March 1996.A Dybbuk, or Between Two Worlds (adapted from Joachim Neugroschel’s transation of the original play by S. Ansky; produced in New York City at the Joseph Papp Public Theater, 1997), Theatre Communications Group, 1997.The Good Person of Szechuan (adapted from the original play by Bertolt Brecht), Arcade, 1997.(With Eric Bogosian and others) Love’s Fire: Seven New Plays Inspired by Seven Shakespearean Sonnets, Morrow, 1998.Terminating, or Lass Meine Schmerzen Nicht Verloren Sein, or Ambivalence, in Love’s Fire, Minneapolis, Guthrie Theater Lab, 7 de enero de 1998; New York: Joseph Papp Public Theater, 19 June 1998.Henry Box Brown, or the Mirror of Slavery, performed at the Royal National Theatre, London, 1998.Homebody\/Kabul, first performed in New York City, 19 December 2001.Caroline, or Change (musical), first performed in New York at the Joseph Papp Public Theater, 2002.(Director)Ellen McLaughlin, Helen, produced at the Joseph Papp Public Theater, 2002.Only We Who Guard The Mystery Shall Be Unhappy, 2003.Translation with \u201cliberties\u201d\u2014but purportedly \u201cnot an adaptation\u201d\u2014of Bertolt Brecht\u2019s Mother Courage and Her Children (2006)[2]\u200bThe Intelligent Homosexual’s Guide to Capitalism and Socialism with a Key to the Scriptures Minneapolis, Guthrie Theater, 2009.Tiny Kushner, a performance of five shorter plays, premiered at the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, 2009[3]\u200bLibros[editar]A Meditation from Angels in America, HarperSan Francisco, 1994.Thinking about the Longstanding Problems of Virtue and Happiness: Essays, a Play, Two Poems, and a Prayer, Theatre Communications Group (New York, NY), 1995.Howard Cruse, Stuck Rubber Baby, introduction by Kushner (New York: Paradox Press, 1995).David B. Feinberg, Queer and Loathing: Rants and Raves of a Raging AIDS Clone, introduction by Kushner (New York: Penguin, 1995).David Wojnarowicz, The Waterfront Journals, edited by Amy Scholder, introduction by Kushner (New York: Grove, 1996).“Three Screeds from Key West: For Larry Kramer,” in We Must Love One Another or Die: The Life and Legacies of Larry Kramer, edited by Lawrence D. Mass (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997), pp.\u00a0191-199.Moises Kaufman, Gross Indecency, afterword by Kushner (New York: Vintage, 1997), pp.\u00a0135-143.Plays by Tony Kushner (New York: Broadway Play Publishing, 1999). Includes:A Bright Room called DayThe IllusionSlavs! Thinking About the Longstanding Problems of Virtue and HappinessDeath & Taxes: Hydrotaphia, and Other Plays, Theatre Communications Group (New York, NY), 2000. Includes:Brundibar, illustrated by Maurice Sendak, Hyperion Books for Children, 2003.Peter’s Pixie, by Donn Kushner, illustrated by Sylvie Daigneault, introduction by Tony Kushner, Tundra Books, 2003The Art of Maurice Sendak: 1980 to the Present, 2003Save Your Democratic Citizen Soul!: Rants, Screeds, and Other Public UtterancesWrestling with Zion: Progressive Jewish-American Responses to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, with Alisa Solomon, Grove, 2003.Ensayos[editar]“The Secrets of Angels”. The New York Times, 27 March 1994, p. H5.“The State of the Theatre”. Times Literary Supplement, 28 April 1995, p.\u00a014.“The Theater of Utopia”. Theater, 26 (1995): 9-11.“The Art of the Difficult”. Civilization, 4 (August\/September 1997): 62-67.“Notes About Political Theater,” Kenyon Review, 19 (Summer\/Fall 1997): 19-34.“Wings of Desire”. Premiere, October 1997: 70.“Fo’s Last Laugh–I”. Nation, 3 November 1997: 4-5.“Matthew’s Passion”. Nation, 9 November 1998“A Modest Proposal”. American Theatre, January 1998: 20-22, 77-89.“A Word to Graduates: Organize!”. Nation, 1 July 2002.“Only We Who Guard The Mystery Shall Be Unhappy”. Nation, 24 March 2003.Otros trabajos[editar]La Fin de la Baleine: An Opera for the Apocalypse, (opera) 1983St. Cecilia or The Power of Music, (opera libretto based on Heinrich von Kleist’s eighteenth-century story Die heilige C\u00e4cilie oder Die Gewalt der Musik, Eine Legende)Brundibar, (an opera in collaboration with Maurice Sendak)Munich, a film by Steven Spielberg (2005) – screenplay (co-written by)Entrevistas[editar]Gerard Raymond, “Q & A With Tony Kushner,” Theatre Week (20-26 de diciembre de 1993): 14-20.Mark Marvel, “A Conversation with Tony Kushner,” Interview, 24 (febrero de 1994): 84.David Savran, “Tony Kushner,” in Speaking on Stage: Interviews with Contemporary American Playwrights, edited by Philip C. Kolin and Colby H. Kullman (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1996), pp.\u00a0291-313.Robert Vorlicky, ed., Tony Kushner in Conversation (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998).Victor Wishna, “Tony Kushner,” in In Their Company: Portraits of American Playwrights, Photographs by Ken Collins, Interviews by Victor Wishna (New York: Umbrage Editions, 2006).Premios y nominaciones[editar]Awards1993 Drama Desk Award Outstanding New Play \u2013 Angels in America: Millennium Approaches1993 Pulitzer Prize for Drama \u2013 Angels in America: Millennium Approaches1993 Tony Award for Best Play \u2013 Angels in America: Millennium Approaches1994 Drama Desk Award Outstanding Play \u2013 Angels in America: Perestroika1994 Tony Award for Best Play \u2013 Angels in America: Perestroika2004 Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special, Angels in America2007 Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical \u2013 Caroline, or Change2008 Steinberg Distinguished Playwright AwardNominations2004 Drama Desk Award Outstanding Book of a Musical \u2013 Caroline, or Change2004 Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical \u2013 Caroline, or Change2004 Tony Award for Best Original Score \u2013 Caroline, or Change2005 Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay \u2013 Munich2005 Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay \u2013 MunichOtherEvening Standard AwardOBIENew York Drama Critics Circle AwardAmerican Academy of Arts and Letters AwardWhiting Writers FellowshipLila Wallace\/Reader’s Digest FellowshipNational Foundation of Jewish Culture, Cultural Achievement awardReferencias[editar]Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n[editar]Contemporary Literary Criticism, Gale (Detroit), Volume 81, 1994.Bloom, Harold, ed., Tony Kushner, New York, Chelsea House, 2005.Brask, Anne, ed., “Ride on the Moon”, Chicago, Randomhouse, 1990.Brask, Per K., ed., Essays on Kushner\u2019s Angels, Winnipeg, Blizzard Publishing, 1995.Dickinson, Peter, “Travels With Tony Kushner and David Beckham, 2002-2004”, in Theatre Journal, 57.3, 2005, pp.\u00a0229-50Fisher, James, The Theater of Tony Kushner, London, Routledge, 2002.Fisher, James, ed., Tony Kushner. New Essays on the Art and Politics of His Plays, London, McFarland & Company, 2006.Geis, Deborah R., and Steven F. Kruger, Approaching the Millennium: Essays on Angels in America, University of Michigan Press, 1997.Kl\u00fc\u00dfendorf, Ricarda, “The Great Work Begins”. Tony Kushner’s Theater for Change in America, Trier, WVT, 2007.Lioi, Anthony, “The Great Work Begins: Theater as Theurgy in Angels in America”, in CrossCurrents, Fall 2004, Vol. 54, No 3Solty, Ingar, “Tony Kushners amerikanischer Engel der Geschichte”, in Das Argument 265, 2\/2006, pp.\u00a0209-24 [1] Archivado el 3 de diciembre de 2007 en Wayback Machine.Enlaces externos[editar]"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/es\/wiki01\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/es\/wiki01\/2022\/01\/10\/tony-kushner-wikipedia-la-enciclopedia-libre\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Tony Kushner – Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre"}}]}]