[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki10\/archives\/322359#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki10\/archives\/322359","headline":"\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f – Wikipedia","name":"\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 \u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f \u5929\u72d7\u5c71\u304b\u3089\u773a\u3081\u305f\u5c0f\u6a3d\u5e02\u8857\u3068\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\uff082011\u5e748\u6708\uff09 \u6240\u5728\u5730 \u56fd \u65e5\u672c \u6240\u5728\u5730 \u5317\u6d77\u9053\u5c0f\u6a3d\u5e02 \u5ea7\u6a19 after-content-x4 \u5317\u7def43\u5ea612\u520609\u79d2 \u6771\u7d4c141\u5ea600\u520647\u79d2\ufeff \/ \ufeff\u5317\u7def43.20250\u5ea6 \u6771\u7d4c141.01306\u5ea6\ufeff \/ 43.20250; 141.01306\u5ea7\u6a19: \u5317\u7def43\u5ea612\u520609\u79d2 \u6771\u7d4c141\u5ea600\u520647\u79d2\ufeff","datePublished":"2022-04-18","dateModified":"2022-04-18","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki10\/archives\/author\/lordneo#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki10\/archives\/author\/lordneo","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f9\/Otaru_from_Tenguyama.JPG\/300px-Otaru_from_Tenguyama.JPG","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f9\/Otaru_from_Tenguyama.JPG\/300px-Otaru_from_Tenguyama.JPG","height":"225","width":"300"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki10\/archives\/322359","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":3066,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u5929\u72d7\u5c71\u304b\u3089\u773a\u3081\u305f\u5c0f\u6a3d\u5e02\u8857\u3068\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\uff082011\u5e748\u6708\uff09\u6240\u5728\u5730\u56fd \u65e5\u672c\u6240\u5728\u5730\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u5c0f\u6a3d\u5e02\u5ea7\u6a19       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4\u5317\u7def43\u5ea612\u520609\u79d2 \u6771\u7d4c141\u5ea600\u520647\u79d2\ufeff \/ \ufeff\u5317\u7def43.20250\u5ea6 \u6771\u7d4c141.01306\u5ea6\ufeff \/ 43.20250; 141.01306\u5ea7\u6a19: \u5317\u7def43\u5ea612\u520609\u79d2 \u6771\u7d4c141\u5ea600\u520647\u79d2\ufeff \/ \ufeff\u5317\u7def43.20250\u5ea6 \u6771\u7d4c141.01306\u5ea6\ufeff \/ 43.20250; 141.01306\u8a73\u7d30\u958b\u6e2f1899\u5e74\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5c0f\u6a3d\u5e02\u7523\u696d\u6e2f\u6e7e\u90e8\u7a2e\u985e\u91cd\u8981\u6e2f\u6e7e\u9762\u7a4d5,704 km\u00b2\u7d71\u8a08\u7d71\u8a08\u5e74\u5ea62014\u5e74\u767a\u7740\u65703,518\uff08\u5916\u822a 478\u3001\u5185\u822a 3,040\uff09[1]\u8ca8\u7269\u53d6\u6271\u91cf10,058,856 \u30c8\u30f3[2]\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u657014,654 TEU[3]\u516c\u5f0f\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u5c0f\u6a3d\u5e02\uff1a\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3053\u306e\u8868\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3053\u306e\u8868\u306f\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u8868\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7de8\u96c6\u306e\u4ed5\u65b9\u306fTemplate:Infobox \u6e2f\u3092\u3054\u3089\u3093\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002  \u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\uff08\u304a\u305f\u308b\u3053\u3046\uff09\u306f\u3001\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u5c0f\u6a3d\u5e02\u306b\u3042\u308b\u6e2f\u6e7e\u3002\u6e2f\u6e7e\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u306f\u5c0f\u6a3d\u5e02\u3002\u6e2f\u6e7e\u6cd5\u4e0a\u306e\u300c\u91cd\u8981\u6e2f\u6e7e\u300d\u3001\u6e2f\u5247\u6cd5\u4e0a\u306e\u300c\u7279\u5b9a\u6e2f\u300d\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u306f\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u897f\u90e8\u306e\u7a4d\u4e39\u534a\u5cf6\u6771\u5074\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u77f3\u72e9\u6e7e\u306b\u5f13\u72b6\u306b\u9762\u3059\u308b\u6d77\u5cb8\u7dda\u306b\u5efa\u8a2d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[4]\u3002\u5317\u3001\u897f\u3001\u5357\u306e\u4e09\u65b9\u304c\u5c71\u306b\u56f2\u307e\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5929\u7136\u306e\u826f\u6e2f\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b[4]\u3002\u672d\u5e4c\u5e02\u307e\u3067\u306f\u7d0440 km\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u9053\u8def\u3084\u9244\u9053\u307e\u3067\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u826f\u3044\u3002\u77f3\u72e9\u6e7e\u65b0\u6e2f\u306f\u6d77\u4e0a\u7d0420 km\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u3068\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u5206\u62c5\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[5]\u30021908\u5e74\uff08\u660e\u6cbb41\u5e74\uff09\u5b8c\u6210\u306e\u5e83\u4e95\u52c7\u8a2d\u8a08\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u5317\u9632\u6ce2\u5824\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u5185\u521d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u659c\u584a\u69cb\u9020\uff08\u30b3\u30f3\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30c8\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u659c\u3081\u306b\u7a4d\u307f\u4e0a\u3052\u305f\u69cb\u9020\uff09\u304c\u63a1\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3001\u300c\u571f\u6728\u5b66\u4f1a\u9078\u5968\u571f\u6728\u907a\u7523\u300d\u306b\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[6]\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u300c\u5c0f\u6a3d\u307f\u306a\u3068\u3068\u9632\u6ce2\u5824\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u907a\u7523\u300d\u306b\u3082\u9078\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[7]\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u306f\u30af\u30eb\u30fc\u30ba\u5ba2\u8239\u306e\u5bc4\u6e2f\u304c\u5897\u3048\u3001\u300c\u74b0\u65e5\u672c\u6d77\u30af\u30eb\u30fc\u30ba\u300d\u666e\u53ca\u306b\u5411\u3051\u305f\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b[8]\u3002\u52dd\u7d0d\u3075\u982d\u309213\u4e07\u30c8\u30f3\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u307e\u3067\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6574\u5099\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a[9]\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u306b\u306f15\u4e07\u30c8\u30f3\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u30af\u30eb\u30fc\u30ba\u5ba2\u8239\u304c\u5165\u6e2f\u3067\u304d\u308b\u8a08\u753b\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b[10]\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u73fe\u57286\u4e07\u30c8\u30f3\u672a\u6e80\u306e\u30af\u30eb\u30fc\u30ba\u5ba2\u8239\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7b2c3\u53f7\u3075\u982d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u306b\u306f13\u4e07\u30c8\u30f3\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u307e\u3067\u5bfe\u5fdc\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u3057\u3001\u5ba2\u8239\u30bf\u30fc\u30df\u30ca\u30eb\u3084\u30d0\u30b9\u99d0\u8eca\u5834\u306a\u3069\u3092\u6574\u5099\u3059\u308b\u8a08\u753b\u304c\u3042\u308b[9][11]\u3002Table of Contents       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4\u6e2f\u6e7e\u65bd\u8a2d[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5927\u578b\u8239\u4fc2\u7559\u65bd\u8a2d[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5c0f\u578b\u8239\u4fc2\u7559\u65bd\u8a2d[\u7de8\u96c6]\u516c\u5171[\u7de8\u96c6]\u6c11\u9593[\u7de8\u96c6]\u7dd1\u5730[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u30df\u30ca\u30eb[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5b9a\u671f\u822a\u8def[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5c0f\u6a3d\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u30df\u30ca\u30eb\u3078\u306e\u4ea4\u901a\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30ae\u30e3\u30e9\u30ea\u30fc[\u7de8\u96c6]\u53c2\u8003\u8cc7\u6599[\u7de8\u96c6]\u95a2\u9023\u6587\u732e[\u7de8\u96c6]\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5916\u90e8\u30ea\u30f3\u30af[\u7de8\u96c6]\u6e2f\u6e7e\u65bd\u8a2d[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5927\u578b\u8239\u4fc2\u7559\u65bd\u8a2d[\u7de8\u96c6]ul,body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .columns-list__wrapper>ol{margin-top:0}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .columns-list__wrapper--small-font{font-size:90%}]]>\u6e2f\u753a\u3075\u982d\u7b2c2\u53f7\u3075\u982d\u7b2c3\u53f7\u3075\u982d\u4e2d\u592e\u3075\u982d\u52dd\u7d0d\u3075\u982d\u8272\u5185\u3075\u982d\u53a9\u753a-7.5m\u5cb8\u58c1\u9ad8\u5cf6\u5730\u533a-5m\u5cb8\u58c1\u9ad8\u5cf6-4.5m\u5cb8\u58c1\u5357\u9ad8\u5cf6\u5cb8\u58c1\u5317\u6d5c\u5cb8\u58c1\u624b\u5bae\u5cb8\u58c1\u624b\u5bae\u3055\u3093\u6a4b\u82e5\u7af9\u5730\u533a-10.0m\u3051\u3044\u8239\u676d\u5c0f\u578b\u8239\u4fc2\u7559\u65bd\u8a2d[\u7de8\u96c6]\u516c\u5171[\u7de8\u96c6]\u7b2c1\u671f\u904b\u6cb3\u7269\u63da\u5834\u8272\u5185\u5730\u533a\u7269\u63da\u5834\u56fd\u6709\u6e2f\u753a\u7269\u63da\u5834\u6e2f\u753a\u7269\u63da\u5834\uff08\u7532\uff09\u6709\u5e4c\u7269\u63da\u5834\u5ddd\u5c3b\u9244\u9053\u7269\u63da\u5834\u7b2c1\u8240\u7a4d\u7269\u63da\u5834\u7b2c2\u8240\u7a4d\u7269\u63da\u5834\u82e5\u7af9\u7269\u63da\u5834\uff08\u4e59\uff09\u4e2d\u592e\u3075\u982d\u7269\u63da\u5834\u5e02\u6709\u6e2f\u753a\u7269\u63da\u5834\u5317\u9ad8\u5cf6\u8239\u63da\u5834\u9ad8\u5cf6\u5730\u533a\u8239\u63da\u5834\u53a9\u753a\u8239\u63da\u5834\u82e5\u7af9\u5c0f\u8239\u63da\u5834\u5e02\u55b6\u8239\u54e1\u8239\u5ba2\u4e57\u964d\u3055\u3093\u6a4b\u30de\u30ea\u30fc\u30ca\u516c\u5171\u3055\u3093\u6a4b\uff08I\uff09\u30de\u30ea\u30fc\u30ca\u516c\u5171\u3055\u3093\u6a4b\uff08II\uff09\u30de\u30ea\u30fc\u30ca\u516c\u5171\u3055\u3093\u6a4b\uff08III\uff09\u6c11\u9593[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30de\u30ea\u30fc\u30ca\u56fa\u5b9a\u3055\u3093\u6a4b\u30de\u30ea\u30fc\u30ca\u6d6e\u3055\u3093\u6a4b\u7dd1\u5730[\u7de8\u96c6]\u304b\u3064\u306a\u3044\u81e8\u6d77\u516c\u5712\u904b\u6cb3\u516c\u5712\u7bc9\u6e2f\u81e8\u6d77\u516c\u5712\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u30df\u30ca\u30eb[\u7de8\u96c6]  \u65b0\u65e5\u672c\u6d77\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u5c0f\u6a3d\u30bf\u30fc\u30df\u30ca\u30eb\u52dd\u7d0d\u57e0\u982d\u306e\u5317\u897f\u90e8\u306b\u65b0\u65e5\u672c\u6d77\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u304c\u7ba1\u7406\u3059\u308b\u300c\u65b0\u65e5\u672c\u6d77\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u5c0f\u6a3d\u30bf\u30fc\u30df\u30ca\u30eb\u300d\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u30df\u30ca\u30eb\u306f1994\u5e74\u306b\u7ae3\u5de5\u3057\u5730\u4e0b1\u968e\u5730\u4e0a5\u968e\u5efa\u3066\u3067\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u306e\u6d77\u306e\u7384\u95a2\u53e3\u306b\u3075\u3055\u308f\u3057\u3044\u30b2\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3057\u305f\u30b7\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u3067\u529b\u5f37\u3044\u5f6b\u523b\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u672c\u9928\u306e\u4ed6\u897f\u5074\u306b\u30b5\u30c6\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8\u68df\u3092\u8a2d\u3051\u4e0a\u4e0b\u8239\u7528\u30ae\u30e3\u30f3\u30b0\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u7a7a\u4e2d\u6b69\u5eca\u3067\u9023\u7d61\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[12]\u30021\u968e\u5f85\u5408\u5ba4\u767a\u5238\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30aa\u30d5\u30a3\u30b9\uff08\u65b0\u65e5\u672c\u6d77\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u5c0f\u6a3d\u672c\u5e97\uff092\u968e\u58f2\u5e97\u300c\u30b7\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30ba\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30d7\u300d\u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u300c\u30b7\u30fc\u30ac\u30eb\u300d\u5f85\u5408\u5ba43\u968e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u8239\u53e3\uff082\u304b\u6240\uff09\u30fb\u30dc\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30b8\u4f1a\u8b70\u5ba4\u300c\u30de\u30eb\u30c1\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u30d6\u300d4\u30fb5\u968e\u5c55\u671b\u6e29\u6cc9\u300c\u30d1\u30ce\u30e9\u30de\u300d\uff082011\u5e74\u9589\u9396\uff091869\u5e74\uff08\u660e\u6cbb2\u5e74\uff09\u306b\u660e\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u958b\u62d3\u4f7f\u3092\u8a2d\u7f6e\u3057\u3001\u8766\u5937\u5730\u3092\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u3068\u6539\u79f0\u3057\u3066\u672c\u5e9c\u5efa\u8a2d\u3092\u672d\u5e4c\u306b\u5b9a\u3081\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5c0f\u6a3d\u306e\u6e2f\u306f\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u958b\u62d3\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6d77\u9678\u9023\u7d61\u5730\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f[13]\u3002\u77f3\u72e9\u70ad\u7530\u306e\u958b\u767a\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u5c0f\u6a3d\uff08\u624b\u5bae\uff09\u304b\u3089\u672d\u5e4c\u307e\u3067\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u5185\u521d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u9244\u9053\u304c\u958b\u8a2d\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u77f3\u70ad\u306e\u7a4d\u307f\u51fa\u3057\u3084\u5185\u9678\u90e8\u3078\u306e\u7269\u8cc7\u4f9b\u7d66\u306e\u4e2d\u7d99\u6e2f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u305f[13]\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u9769\u547d\u306b\u3088\u308a\u4e3b\u306a\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u8cc7\u6e90\u304c\u77f3\u6cb9\u306b\u8ee2\u63db\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3084\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5074\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u767a\u5c55\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3001\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3082\u6642\u4ee3\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f[13]\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001\u5c0f\u6a3d\u904b\u6cb3\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u6563\u7b56\u8def\u3092\u6709\u3057\u305f\u9053\u8def\u3001\u82e5\u7af9\u8caf\u6728\u5834\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u306f\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u30de\u30ea\u30fc\u30ca\u3001\u77f3\u70ad\u30e4\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u3068\u3057\u305f\u5c0f\u6a3d\u7bc9\u6e2f\u99c5\u5468\u8fba\u5730\u533a\u306f\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30ed\u30f3\u30c8\u958b\u767a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u516c\u5712\u3084\u5546\u696d\u65bd\u8a2d\uff08\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u30d9\u30a4\u5c0f\u6a3d\uff09\u306a\u3069\u306b\u5909\u308f\u3063\u305f[13]\u30021872\u5e74\uff08\u660e\u6cbb05\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u660e\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u8272\u5185\u6751\u306b\u77f3\u9020\u3075\u982d\u3092\u7bc9\u9020\u3001\u7fcc\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u30021880\u5e74\uff08\u660e\u6cbb13\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u624b\u5bae – \u672d\u5e4c\u9593\u306b\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u6700\u521d\u306e\u9244\u9053\u300c\u5b98\u55b6\u5e4c\u5185\u9244\u9053\u300d\uff08\u5f8c\u306e\u624b\u5bae\u7dda\u30fb\u51fd\u9928\u672c\u7dda\uff09\u958b\u901a\uff08\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u5185\u3067\u30823\u756a\u76ee\uff09\u30021889\u5e74\uff08\u660e\u6cbb22\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u7279\u5225\u8f38\u51fa\u6e2f\u6307\u5b9a\u30021897\u5e74\uff08\u660e\u6cbb30\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u5c0f\u6a3d\u7bc9\u6e2f\u7b2c1\u671f\u4fee\u7bc9\u5de5\u4e8b\u7740\u5de5\u30021899\u5e74\uff08\u660e\u6cbb32\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u5916\u56fd\u8cbf\u6613\u6e2f\u6307\u5b9a\uff08\u958b\u6e2f\uff09\u30021908\u5e74\uff08\u660e\u6cbb41\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u5c0f\u6a3d\u7bc9\u6e2f\u7b2c2\u671f\u4fee\u7bc9\u5de5\u4e8b\u7740\u5de5\u3002\u5c0f\u6a3d\u7bc9\u6e2f\u7b2c1\u671f\u4fee\u7bc9\u5de5\u4e8b\uff08\u5317\u9632\u6ce2\u5824\uff09\u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u5185\u521d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u672c\u683c\u7684\u306a\u30b3\u30f3\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30c8\u88fd\u306e\u9632\u6ce2\u5824\uff09[14]\u30021914\u5e74\uff08\u5927\u6b6303\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u533a\u55b6\uff08\u5e02\u55b6\uff09\u7b2c1\u671f\u904b\u6cb3\u5f0f\u57cb\u7acb\u5de5\u4e8b\u7740\u5de5\u3002\u690d\u7269\u9632\u75ab\u6e2f\u6307\u5b9a\u30021920\u5e74\uff08\u5927\u6b6309\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u5357\u5317\u9632\u6ce2\u5824\u706f\u53f0\u70b9\u706f\u30021921\u5e74\uff08\u5927\u6b6310\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u5c0f\u6a3d\u7bc9\u6e2f\u7b2c2\u671f\u4fee\u7bc9\u5de5\u4e8b\uff08\u5357\u30fb\u5cf6\u9632\u6ce2\u5824\uff09\u5b8c\u6210\u30021923\u5e74\uff08\u5927\u6b6312\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u7b2c1\u671f\u904b\u6cb3\u5f0f\u57cb\u7acb\u5de5\u4e8b\uff08\u5c0f\u6a3d\u904b\u6cb3\uff09\u5b8c\u6210\u30021927\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c02\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u5e02\u55b6\u7b2c2\u671f\u6e2f\u6e7e\u4fee\u7bc9\u5de5\u4e8b\u7740\u5de5\u30021929\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c04\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u7b2c2\u671f\u62d3\u6b96\u8a08\u753b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u4fee\u7bc9\u5de5\u4e8b\u7740\u5de5\u30021931\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c06\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u300e\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6d77\u6e2f\u535a\u89a7\u4f1a\u300f\u958b\u50ac[15]\u30021932\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c07\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u5e02\u55b6\u7b2c2\u671f\u6e2f\u6e7e\u4fee\u7bc9\u5de5\u4e8b\uff08\u6709\u5e4c\u753a\u57cb\u7acb\uff09\u5b8c\u6210\u30021934\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c09\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u53a9\u753a\u5cb8\u58c1\u5b8c\u6210\u30021939\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c14\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u4fee\u7bc9\u5de5\u4e8b\uff08\u5317\u9632\u6ce2\u5824\u5897\u8a2d\uff09\u5b8c\u6210\u30021940\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c15\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u7b2c1\u53f7\u3075\u982d\u5b8c\u6210\u30021947\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c22\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u691c\u75ab\u6e2f\u6307\u5b9a\u30021949\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c24\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u300e\u958b\u6e2f50\u5e74\u8a18\u5ff5\u6e2f\u307e\u3064\u308a\u300f\uff08\u300e\u304a\u305f\u308b\u6f6e\u307e\u3064\u308a\u300f\u306e\u524d\u8eab\uff09\u958b\u50ac\u30021950\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c25\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u7b2c2\u53f7\u3075\u982d\u5b8c\u6210\u30021951\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c26\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u91cd\u8981\u6e2f\u6e7e\u6307\u5b9a\u30021953\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c28\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u5c0f\u6a3d\u5e02\u304c\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u6e2f\u6e7e\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u3068\u306a\u308b\u30021954\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c29\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u7b2c3\u53f7\u3075\u982d1\u671f\u5de5\u4e8b\u5b8c\u6210\u30021958\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c33\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u7b2c3\u53f7\u57e0\u982d\u3092\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u5927\u535a\u89a7\u4f1a\u5c0f\u6a3d\u4f1a\u5834\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u30021959\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c34\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u9ad8\u5cf6\u6f01\u6e2f\u533a\u7b2c1\u671f\u5de5\u4e8b\u5b8c\u6210\u30021965\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c40\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u6e7e\u5408\u540c\u5e81\u820e\u5b8c\u6210\u30021966\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c41\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u52d5\u7269\u691c\u75ab\u6e2f\u6307\u5b9a\u30021967\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c42\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u7b2c3\u53f7\u3075\u982d\u5ef6\u9577\u5de5\u4e8b\u5b8c\u6210\u30021969\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c44\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u300e\u958b\u6e2f70\u5468\u5e74\u8a18\u5ff5\u5f0f\u300f\u958b\u50ac\u30021970\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c45\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u5c0f\u6a3d – \u821e\u9db4\u30fb\u6566\u8cc0\u9593\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u5c31\u822a\uff08\u6566\u8cc0\u822a\u8def2002\u5e74\u5ec3\u6b62[16][17]\uff09\u30021971\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c46\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u82e5\u7af9\u8caf\u6728\u5834\u5b8c\u6210\u30021972\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c47\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u3075\u982d\u5b8c\u6210\u30021973\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c48\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u9ad8\u5cf6\u6f01\u6e2f\u533a\u7528\u5730\u9020\u6210\u5de5\u4e8b\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u82e5\u7af9\u6728\u6750\u53d6\u6271\u65bd\u8a2d\u7528\u5730\u9020\u6210\u5de5\u4e8b\u5b8c\u6210\u30021974\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c49\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u5317\u526f\u9632\u6ce2\u5824\u5ef6\u9577\u5de5\u4e8b\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5c0f\u6a3d – \u65b0\u6f5f\u9593\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u5c31\u822a\u30021975\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c50\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u3075\u982d\u5730\u4e0b\u9053\u5de5\u4e8b\u5b8c\u6210\u30021977\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c52\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u52dd\u7d0d\u5927\u6a4b\u5b8c\u6210\u30021979\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c54\u5e74\uff098\u670814\u65e5\uff1a\u52dd\u7d0d\u3075\u982d\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u30df\u30ca\u30eb\u5b8c\u6210[18]\u30021980\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c55\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u9ad8\u5cf6\u5730\u533a\u5c0f\u578b\u8239\u3060\u307e\u308a\u65bd\u8a2d\u7bc9\u9020\u4e8b\u696d\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u304b\u3064\u306a\u3044\u81e8\u6d77\u516c\u5712\u4f9b\u7528\u958b\u59cb\u30021981\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c56\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u52dd\u7d0d\u30fb\u8272\u5185\u3075\u982d\u9020\u6210\u5de5\u4e8b\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5c0f\u6a3d – \u5229\u5c3b\u30fb\u793c\u6587\u9593\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u5c31\u822a\uff081993\u5e74\u5ec3\u6b62\uff09\u30021984\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c59\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u52dd\u7d0d\u30fb\u8272\u5185\u57e0\u982d\u306b\u3066\u300c’84\u5c0f\u6a3d\u535a\u89a7\u4f1a\u300d\u958b\u50ac\u30021985\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c60\u5e74\uff094\u67082\u65e5\uff1a\u52dd\u7d0d\u3075\u982d\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u7b2c2\u30d0\u30fc\u30b9\u4f9b\u7528\u958b\u59cb[19]\u3002\uff1a\u81e8\u6e2f\u7dda\u5efa\u8a2d\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u7b2c1\u671f\u904b\u6cb3\u4e00\u90e8\u57cb\u7acb\u5b8c\u4e86\u30021986\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c61\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u904b\u6cb3\u6563\u7b56\u8def\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u52dd\u7d0d\u9632\u6ce2\u5824\u5de5\u4e8b\u5b8c\u6210\u30021988\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c63\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u5cf6\u526f\u9632\u6ce2\u5824\u5de5\u4e8b\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u81e8\u6e2f\u9053\u8def\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u7e26\u8cab\u7dda\u958b\u901a\u30021989\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u6210\u5143\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u958b\u6e2f90\u5468\u5e74\u8a18\u5ff5\u4e8b\u696d\u5b9f\u65bd\u30021990\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621002\u5e74\uff094\u670829\u65e5\uff1a\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u30de\u30ea\u30fc\u30ca\u4e00\u90e8\u4f9b\u7528\u958b\u59cb[20]\u30021991\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621003\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306e\u30db\u30eb\u30e0\u30b9\u30af\u6e2f\u3068\u59c9\u59b9\u6e2f\u63d0\u643a\u3002\u5ed0\u753a\u5cb8\u58c1\u6539\u826f\u5de5\u4e8b\u5b8c\u6210\u30021993\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621005\u5e74\uff091994\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621006\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u52dd\u7d0d\u3075\u982d\u65b0\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u30df\u30ca\u30eb\u4f9b\u7528\u958b\u59cb\u30021995\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621007\u5e74\uff095\u67081\u65e5\uff1a\u65e5\u30ed\u5b9a\u671f\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u822a\u8def\u958b\u8a2d[22]\uff082005\u5e74\u4f11\u6b62\uff09\u3002\u5916\u822a\u8239\u5ba2\u516c\u5171\u5f85\u5408\u6240\u4f9b\u7528\u958b\u59cb\u3002\u9ad8\u5cf6\u5730\u533a-5m\u5cb8\u58c1\uff0870m\uff09\u5b8c\u6210\u30021996\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621008\u5e74\uff096\u670811\u65e5\uff1a\u6566\u8cc0\u822a\u8def\u306b\u9ad8\u901f\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u5c31\u822a[23]\u30021997\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621009\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u5730\u533a\u518d\u958b\u767a\u5de5\u4e8b\u5c0f\u6a3d\u5e02\u65bd\u5de51\u5de5\u533a\u57cb\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210\u300210\u6708\uff1a\u304a\u305f\u308b\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u30e9\u30b8\u30aa\u5c40\u958b\u5c40[24]\u30021998\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621010\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u5730\u533a\u518d\u958b\u767a\u5de5\u4e8b\u5c0f\u6a3d\u5e02\u65bd\u5de52\u5de5\u533a\u57cb\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u5730\u533a\u518d\u958b\u767a\u5de5\u4e8b\u56fd\u65bd\u5de5\u57cb\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210\u300210\u670825\u65e5\uff1a\u904b\u6cb3\u516c\u5712\u4f9b\u7528\u958b\u59cb[25]\u30021999\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621011\u5e74\uff098\u67084\u65e5\uff1a\u958b\u6e2f100\u5468\u5e74\u8a18\u5ff5\u5f0f\u5178\u958b\u50ac[26]\u3002\uff1a\u7bc9\u6e2f\u81e8\u6d77\u516c\u5712\u4f9b\u7528\u958b\u59cb\u30022000\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621012\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u5317\u9632\u6ce2\u5824\u304c\u300c\u571f\u6728\u5b66\u4f1a\u9078\u5968\u571f\u6728\u907a\u7523\u300d\u8a8d\u5b9a[6]\u30022001\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621013\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u5c0f\u6a3d\u307f\u306a\u3068\u3068\u9632\u6ce2\u5824\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u907a\u7523\u300d\u9078\u5b9a[7]\u30022002\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621014\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u5317\u6d5c\u5cb8\u58c1\u6539\u826f\u5de5\u4e8b\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4fdd\u7a0e\u5730\u57df\u5b8c\u6210[27]\u30029\u670816\u65e5\uff1a\u5c0f\u6a3d – \u6566\u8cc0\u9593\u5b9a\u9ad8\u901f\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u822a\u8def\u5ec3\u6b62[16]\u30029\u670817\u65e5\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b9a\u671f\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u822a\u8def\u958b\u8a2d[28]\u30022003\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621015\u5e74\uff0911\u670820\u65e5\uff1a\u624b\u5bae\u5cb8\u58c1\u6539\u826f\u5de5\u4e8b\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u30ac\u30f3\u30c8\u30ea\u30fc\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u30f3\u4f9b\u7528\u958b\u59cb[29]\u30022004\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621016\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u300c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u300d\u306e\u8f38\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6e2f\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u821e\u9db4\u822a\u8def\u306b\u8d85\u9ad8\u901f\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u5c31\u822a\u3002\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u7e26\u8cab\u7dda\u5e73\u78ef\u5cac\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u958b\u901a\u300211\u670822\u65e5\uff1a\u5c0f\u6a3d – \u30a6\u30e9\u30b8\u30aa\u30b9\u30c8\u30af\u9593\u5b9a\u671f\u8ca8\u7269\u8239\u822a\u8def\u958b\u8a2d[30]\u30022007\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621019\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u7b2c3\u53f7\u3075\u982d\u306b\u4fdd\u7a0e\u5730\u57df\u65bd\u8a2d\u6574\u5099\u30022008\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621020\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u95a2\u9023\u907a\u7523\uff08\u5317\u9632\u6ce2\u5824\u30fb\u307f\u306a\u3068\u306e\u8cc7\u6599\u30b3\u30fc\u30ca\u30fc\u6240\u8535\u306e\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u30d4\u30fc\u30b9\uff09\u304c\u300c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5316\u7523\u696d\u907a\u7523\u300d\u8a8d\u5b9a[31]\u30022009\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621021\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u300c\u306b\u3063\u307d\u3093\u4e38\u30fb\u98db\u3093\u3067\u30af\u30eb\u30fc\u30ba\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u300d\u304c\u300e\u30af\u30eb\u30fc\u30ba\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30fb\u30a4\u30e4\u30fc2008\u300f\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30d7\u30ea\u53d7\u8cde[32]\u3002\u958b\u6e2f110\u5468\u5e74\u8a18\u5ff5\u4e8b\u696d\u5b9f\u65bd\u3002\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u659c\u8def\u5f0f\u30b1\u30fc\u30bd\u30f3\u88fd\u4f5c\u30e4\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u300c\u571f\u6728\u5b66\u4f1a\u9078\u5968\u571f\u6728\u907a\u7523\u300d\u9078\u5b9a[33]\u30022010\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621022\u5e74\uff096\u67081\u65e5\uff1a\u5c0f\u6a3d\u5730\u65b9\u5408\u540c\u5e81\u820e\u5b8c\u6210[34]\u30022011\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621023\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u5916\u822a\u30af\u30eb\u30fc\u30ba\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u6d77\u5074\u62e0\u70b9\u6e2f\u6307\u5b9a[35]\u30022013\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621025\u5e74\uff0910\u670825\u65e5\uff1a\u5c0f\u6a3d – \u30a6\u30e9\u30b8\u30aa\u30b9\u30c8\u30af\u9593RO-RO\u8239\u5b9a\u671f\u822a\u8def\u958b\u8a2d[36][37]\u3002\u5b9a\u671f\u822a\u8def[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u822a\u8def\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u822a\u8def\u795e\u539f\u6c7d\u8239\uff08\u5c0f\u6a3d\u4ee3\u7406\u5e97\uff1a\u30ce\u30fc\u30b9\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\uff09\u5c0f\u6a3d\u30d5\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u30df\u30ca\u30eb\u3078\u306e\u4ea4\u901a\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30ae\u30e3\u30e9\u30ea\u30fc[\u7de8\u96c6]\u4eca\u6751\u4e09\u5cf0\u300c\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u4e4b\u56f3\u300d\uff08\u660e\u6cbb6\u5e74\uff09\u30bf\u30a4\u30e4\u30de\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8\u5f0f\u30ac\u30f3\u30c8\u30ea\u30fc\u30af\u30ec\u30fc\u30f3\uff082009\u5e743\u6708\uff09\u51ac\u306e\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\uff082012\u5e742\u6708\uff09\u53c2\u8003\u8cc7\u6599[\u7de8\u96c6]\u95a2\u9023\u6587\u732e[\u7de8\u96c6]\u9ad8\u7551\u5b9c\u4e00\u300e\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u53f2\u00a0: \u9644\u30fb\u5c0f\u6a3d\u5ca9\u5185\u9593\u4e5d\u90e1\u53f2\u300f\u30011899\u5e74\u3002NDLJP:763030\u3002\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30a6\u30a3\u30ad\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30fb\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30ba\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5916\u90e8\u30ea\u30f3\u30af[\u7de8\u96c6]     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki10\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki10\/archives\/322359#breadcrumbitem","name":"\u5c0f\u6a3d\u6e2f – Wikipedia"}}]}]