[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki13\/archives\/182280#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki13\/archives\/182280","headline":"\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebtRNA\u5408\u6210\u9175\u7d20 – Wikipedia","name":"\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebtRNA\u5408\u6210\u9175\u7d20 – Wikipedia","description":"\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebtRNA\u5408\u6210\u9175\u7d20 (\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebtRNA\u3054\u3046\u305b\u3044\u3053\u3046\u305d\u3001aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase) \u3068\u306f\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178 (\u307e\u305f\u306f\u305d\u306e\u524d\u99c6\u4f53)\u3092\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308btRNA\u306b\u30a8\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u7d50\u5408\u3055\u305b\u3066\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebtRNA\u3092\u5408\u6210\u3059\u308b\u9175\u7d20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u7565\u53f7\u3068\u3057\u3066aaRS\u3084ARS\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002 \u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebtRNA\u306f\u3001\u30ea\u30dc\u30bd\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u904b\u3070\u308c\u3066tRNA\u90e8\u5206\u306e3\u5869\u57fa\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u30a2\u30f3\u30c1\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u304c\u3001mRNA\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u9818\u57df\u306e\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u3068\u5bfe\u5408\u3057\u3001\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u5408\u6210\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u30013\u5869\u57fa\u306e\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u30681\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3065\u3051\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u5834\u306f\u30ea\u30dc\u30bd\u30fc\u30e0\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u3068\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u793a\u3059\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u306faaRS\u306e\u7279\u7570\u6027\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u3044\u3066\u898f\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002 \u901a\u5e38\u306e\u751f\u7269\u3067\u306f\u7ffb\u8a33\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u917820\u7a2e\u985e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308baaRS\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30ae\u30cb\u30f3\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u30a2\u30eb\u30ae\u30cb\u30f3tRNA\u306b\u30a8\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u7d50\u5408\u3059\u308b\u53cd\u5fdc\u3092\u89e6\u5a92\u3059\u308baaRS\u306f\u30a2\u30eb\u30ae\u30cb\u30ebtRNA\u5408\u6210\u9175\u7d20 (arginyl-tRNA synthetase) \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8868\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7565\u53f7\u306fArgRS\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u91783\u6587\u5b57\u8868\u8a18+RS\u3067\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002 RNA\u30ef\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001tRNA\u69d8\u306e\u30a2\u30c0\u30d7\u30bf\u30fc\u5206\u5b50\u306bRNA (\u30ea\u30dc\u30b6\u30a4\u30e0) \u304c\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u3092\u7d50\u5408\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 \u73fe\u5728\u306e\u751f\u7269\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u5171\u901a\u3059\u308b\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u30c6\u30a4\u30f3\u30ef\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u306e\u59cb\u539f\u751f\u7269\u304c\u30ea\u30dc\u30b6\u30a4\u30e0\u3092\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3064\u3064\u3001\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u3068tRNA\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u56fa\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u307e\u307e\u5206\u5b50\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001aaRS\u306f\u57fa\u8cea\u7279\u7570\u6027\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3082\u3001\u6700\u53e4\u306e\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u3068\u3057\u3066\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u9032\u5316\u3092\u9042\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u30013\u3064\u306e\u751f\u7269\u754c (\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u3001\u771f\u6b63\u7d30\u83cc\u3001\u53e4\u7d30\u83cc) \u306e\u9593\u3067\u4e00\u6b21\u914d\u5217\u4e0a\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002 Table of Contents \u53cd\u5fdc\u6a5f\u69cb[\u7de8\u96c6]\u4e3b\u53cd\u5fdc[\u7de8\u96c6]\u6821\u6b63\u6a5f\u69cb[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30af\u30e9\u30b9I[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30af\u30e9\u30b9II[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebtRNA\u5408\u6210\u9175\u7d20\u3068\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u306e\u62e1\u5f35[\u7de8\u96c6]\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u306e\u62e1\u5f35\u306e\u59cb\u307e\u308a[\u7de8\u96c6]\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u306e\u62e1\u5f35\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308baaRS\u306e\u4f7f\u7528[\u7de8\u96c6]\u73fe\u5728\u307e\u3067\u306e\u5e83\u304c\u308a[\u7de8\u96c6]\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee[\u7de8\u96c6]","datePublished":"2022-03-28","dateModified":"2022-03-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki13\/archives\/author\/lordneo#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki13\/archives\/author\/lordneo","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","url":"https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1","height":"1","width":"1"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki13\/archives\/182280","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":724,"articleBody":"\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebtRNA\u5408\u6210\u9175\u7d20 (\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebtRNA\u3054\u3046\u305b\u3044\u3053\u3046\u305d\u3001aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase) \u3068\u306f\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178 (\u307e\u305f\u306f\u305d\u306e\u524d\u99c6\u4f53)\u3092\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308btRNA\u306b\u30a8\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u7d50\u5408\u3055\u305b\u3066\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebtRNA\u3092\u5408\u6210\u3059\u308b\u9175\u7d20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u7565\u53f7\u3068\u3057\u3066aaRS\u3084ARS\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002  \u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebtRNA\u306f\u3001\u30ea\u30dc\u30bd\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u904b\u3070\u308c\u3066tRNA\u90e8\u5206\u306e3\u5869\u57fa\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u30a2\u30f3\u30c1\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u304c\u3001mRNA\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u9818\u57df\u306e\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u3068\u5bfe\u5408\u3057\u3001\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u5408\u6210\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u30013\u5869\u57fa\u306e\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u30681\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3065\u3051\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u5834\u306f\u30ea\u30dc\u30bd\u30fc\u30e0\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u3068\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u793a\u3059\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u306faaRS\u306e\u7279\u7570\u6027\u306b\u3082\u3068\u3065\u3044\u3066\u898f\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u751f\u7269\u3067\u306f\u7ffb\u8a33\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u917820\u7a2e\u985e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308baaRS\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30ae\u30cb\u30f3\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u30a2\u30eb\u30ae\u30cb\u30f3tRNA\u306b\u30a8\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u7d50\u5408\u3059\u308b\u53cd\u5fdc\u3092\u89e6\u5a92\u3059\u308baaRS\u306f\u30a2\u30eb\u30ae\u30cb\u30ebtRNA\u5408\u6210\u9175\u7d20 (arginyl-tRNA synthetase) \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8868\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7565\u53f7\u306fArgRS\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u91783\u6587\u5b57\u8868\u8a18+RS\u3067\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002RNA\u30ef\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001tRNA\u69d8\u306e\u30a2\u30c0\u30d7\u30bf\u30fc\u5206\u5b50\u306bRNA (\u30ea\u30dc\u30b6\u30a4\u30e0) \u304c\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u3092\u7d50\u5408\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002  \u73fe\u5728\u306e\u751f\u7269\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u5171\u901a\u3059\u308b\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u30c6\u30a4\u30f3\u30ef\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u306e\u59cb\u539f\u751f\u7269\u304c\u30ea\u30dc\u30b6\u30a4\u30e0\u3092\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3064\u3064\u3001\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u3068tRNA\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u56fa\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u307e\u307e\u5206\u5b50\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001aaRS\u306f\u57fa\u8cea\u7279\u7570\u6027\u3092\u53b3\u5bc6\u306b\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3082\u3001\u6700\u53e4\u306e\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u3068\u3057\u3066\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u9032\u5316\u3092\u9042\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u30013\u3064\u306e\u751f\u7269\u754c (\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u3001\u771f\u6b63\u7d30\u83cc\u3001\u53e4\u7d30\u83cc) \u306e\u9593\u3067\u4e00\u6b21\u914d\u5217\u4e0a\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002Table of Contents\u53cd\u5fdc\u6a5f\u69cb[\u7de8\u96c6]\u4e3b\u53cd\u5fdc[\u7de8\u96c6]\u6821\u6b63\u6a5f\u69cb[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30af\u30e9\u30b9I[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30af\u30e9\u30b9II[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebtRNA\u5408\u6210\u9175\u7d20\u3068\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u306e\u62e1\u5f35[\u7de8\u96c6]\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u306e\u62e1\u5f35\u306e\u59cb\u307e\u308a[\u7de8\u96c6]\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u306e\u62e1\u5f35\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308baaRS\u306e\u4f7f\u7528[\u7de8\u96c6]\u73fe\u5728\u307e\u3067\u306e\u5e83\u304c\u308a[\u7de8\u96c6]\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee[\u7de8\u96c6]\u53cd\u5fdc\u6a5f\u69cb[\u7de8\u96c6]\u4e3b\u53cd\u5fdc[\u7de8\u96c6]aaRS\u306f2\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc\u3067ATP\u306e\u52a0\u6c34\u5206\u89e3\u3068\u5171\u5f79\u3057\u3066\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u3092tRNA\u306b\u7d50\u5408\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002(1) ATP\u3068\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178 (\u307e\u305f\u306f\u305d\u306e\u524d\u99c6\u4f53) \u304caaRS\u306e\u57fa\u8cea\u7d50\u5408\u90e8\u4f4d\u306b\u7d50\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u306e\u30ab\u30eb\u30dc\u30ad\u30b7\u57fa\u304c\u30a2\u30c7\u30ce\u30b7\u30f3\u306e\u03b1-\u30ea\u30f3\u9178\u57fa\u3092\u653b\u6483\u3057\u3001\u4e2d\u9593\u4f53\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebAMP (\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30eb\u30a2\u30c7\u30cb\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8;aminoacyl-adenylate \u3068\u3082) \u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30d4\u30ed\u30ea\u30f3\u9178 (PPi) \u304c\u904a\u96e2\u3059\u308b\u3002       \u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178 + ATP \u2192 \u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebAMP + PPi(2) \u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebAMP-aaRS\u8907\u5408\u4f53\u306b\u9069\u5207\u306atRNA\u304c\u7d50\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u306e\u30ab\u30eb\u30dc\u30ad\u30b7\u57fa\u304ctRNA\u306e3’\u672b\u7aef\u306e\u30a2\u30c7\u30ce\u30b7\u30f3 (A76) \u306e2′-\u307e\u305f\u306f3′-OH\u3068\u30a8\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u7d50\u5408\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u30a2\u30c7\u30ce\u30b7\u30f3\u4e00\u30ea\u30f3\u9178 (AMP) \u304c\u904a\u96e2\u3057\u3066\u53cd\u5fdc\u304c\u7d42\u7d50\u3059\u308b\u3002         \u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebAMP + tRNA \u2192 \u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebtRNA + AMP\u307e\u3068\u3081\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178 + ATP + tRNA \u2192 \u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebtRNA + AMP + PPi \u3068\u3044\u3046\u53cd\u5fdc\u5f0f\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u6821\u6b63\u6a5f\u69cb[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u5408\u6210\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5074\u9396\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055\u304c\u4f3c\u305f\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3001\u5358\u7d14\u306baaRS\u57fa\u8cea\u7d50\u5408\u90e8\u4f4d\u306e\u5f62\u72b6\u3092\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u3092\u3061\u3087\u3046\u3069\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u308b\u5f62\u72b6\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u5341\u5206\u306a\u9078\u629e\u6027\u304c\u78ba\u4fdd\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u672c\u6765\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u306b\u7ffb\u8a33\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u304c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5272\u5408\u3067\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u751f\u7269\u306e\u751f\u5b58\u306b\u4e0d\u90fd\u5408\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001tRNA\u306b\u672c\u6765\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u304c\u7d50\u5408 (\u30df\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30b8) \u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebtRNA\u3092\u52a0\u6c34\u5206\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u69cb (\u6821\u6b63\u6a5f\u69cb\u3001editing) \u3092\u6709\u3059\u308baaRS\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6821\u6b63\u53cd\u5fdc\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u57fa\u8cea\u7d50\u5408\u90e8\u4f4d\u3068\u306f\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3 (\u6821\u6b63\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3) \u306b\u52a0\u6c34\u5206\u89e3\u306b\u50cd\u304f\u5225\u306e\u7d50\u5408\u90e8\u4f4d (\u30df\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30b8\u3057\u305f\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u306e\u5074\u9396\u3068\u89aa\u548c\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044) \u3067\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002\u6821\u6b63\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u304c\u5225\u306e\u30dd\u30ea\u30da\u30d7\u30c1\u30c9\u9396\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4f8b\u3082\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002aaRS\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f2\u3064\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306b\u5206\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306f\u3055\u3089\u306bIa\u3001Ib\u3001Ic\u304a\u3088\u3073IIa\u3001IIb\u3001IIc\u306b\u5206\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u30af\u30e9\u30b9I[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30af\u30e9\u30b9I\u306f\u03b1\u30d8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3068\u5e73\u884c\u03b2\u30b7\u30fc\u30c8\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30ed\u30b9\u30de\u30f3\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u89e6\u5a92\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306bHis-Ile-Gly-His (HIGH) \u30e2\u30c1\u30fc\u30d5\u3092\u6709\u3057\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306bC\u672b\u7aef\u5074\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306bLys-Met-Ser-Lys-Ser (KMSKS) \u30e2\u30c1\u30fc\u30d5\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308b\u3002\u30af\u30e9\u30b9II[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebtRNA\u5408\u6210\u9175\u7d20\u3068\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u306e\u62e1\u5f35[\u7de8\u96c6]\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u306e\u62e1\u5f35\u306e\u59cb\u307e\u308a[\u7de8\u96c6]\u59cb\u539f\u751f\u7269\u304c\u7372\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u751f\u7269\u306f20\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178 (\u6a19\u6e96\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178) \u3092\u7ffb\u8a33\u3067\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u306b20\u7a2e\u985e\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178 (\u975e\u5929\u7136\u578b\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178) \u3092\u30a8\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u305ftRNA\u3092\u8a66\u9a13\u7ba1\u5185\u7ffb\u8a33\u7cfb\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30ea\u30dc\u30bd\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u975e\u5929\u7136\u578b\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u3092\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u5408\u6210\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3001tRNA\u306e\u30a2\u30f3\u30c1\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u306b\u975e\u5929\u7136\u578b\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u304c\u5bfe\u5fdc\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u306b\u975e\u5929\u7136\u578b\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u3092\u5bfe\u5fdc\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u306e\u62e1\u5f35 (Expansion of genetic code) \u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u306e\u62e1\u5f35\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308baaRS\u306e\u4f7f\u7528[\u7de8\u96c6]aaRS\u306f\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u3068\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3065\u3051\u3092\u884c\u3046\u9175\u7d20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u306e\u62e1\u5f35\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306baaRS\u306e\u57fa\u8cea\u7279\u7570\u6027\u306e\u6539\u5909\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305f\u30021998\u5e74\u306bFurter\u306fp-\u30d5\u30eb\u30aa\u30ed\u30d5\u30a7\u30cb\u30eb\u30a2\u30e9\u30cb\u30f3(p-F-Phe)\u304c\u9175\u6bcd\u306e\u30d5\u30a7\u30cb\u30eb\u30a2\u30e9\u30cb\u30ebtRNA\u5408\u6210\u9175\u7d20 (PheRS) \u306b\u30df\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30b8\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u5909\u7570\u578bPheRS\u3092\u6301\u3064\u5927\u8178\u83cc\u306fp-F-Phe\u3092\u7ffb\u8a33\u306b\u4f7f\u3044\u306b\u304f\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u9175\u6bcd\u306ePheRS\u3068\u7d42\u6b62\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u30a2\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3 (UAG) \u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30f3\u30c1\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u30b5\u30d7\u30ec\u30c3\u30b5\u30fctRNAPhe\u3092\u305d\u306e\u5927\u8178\u83cc\u306b\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u306bp-F-Phe\u304c\u5bfe\u5fdc\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3001\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u30d5\u30a7\u30cb\u30eb\u30a2\u30e9\u30cb\u30f3\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u306b\u306fp-F-Phe\u304c\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u3092\u4eba\u70ba\u7684\u306b\u4f5c\u88fd\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u5916\u754c\u304b\u3089p-F-Phe\u3092\u904e\u5270\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3082\u3001\u9175\u6bcd\u306ePheRS\u304c\u30d5\u30a7\u30cb\u30eb\u30a2\u30e9\u30cb\u30f3\u3092\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30b8\u3059\u308b\u3001\u306a\u3069\u306e\u7406\u7531\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u306b\u306f2\u5272\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306ep-F-Phe\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u304c\u5bfe\u5fdc\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u771f\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u306e\u62e1\u5f35\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30b9\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u306e\u30d4\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u30fb\u30b7\u30e5\u30eb\u30c4\u3089\u306f2001\u5e74\u306b\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u767a\u60f3\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3001\u53e4\u7d30\u83cc\u306e\u30c1\u30ed\u30b7\u30ebtRNA\u5408\u6210\u9175\u7d20 (TyrRS) \u3068\u30a2\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u30b5\u30d7\u30ec\u30c3\u30b5\u30fctRNATyr\u3092\u5927\u8178\u83cc\u5185\u306b\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u3001\u5927\u8178\u83cc\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u53e4\u7d30\u83ccTyrRS\u306e\u57fa\u8cea\u7279\u7570\u6027\u3092O-\u30e1\u30c1\u30eb\u30c1\u30ed\u30b7\u30f3\u306b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306b\u7279\u7570\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6210\u529f\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5927\u8178\u83cc\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u306f\u30a2\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u306bO-\u30e1\u30c1\u30eb\u30c1\u30ed\u30b7\u30f3\u304c\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u3078\u3068\u62e1\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u6cd5\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001TyrRS\u5909\u7570\u4f53\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u7a2e\u3005\u306e\u975e\u5929\u7136\u578b\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u3092\u7279\u7570\u7684\u306b\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308baaRS\u304c\u9078\u629e\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4e00\u6c17\u306b\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u5074\u304b\u3089\u898b\u305f\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u306e\u62e1\u5f35\u304c\u9032\u3093\u3060\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u307e\u3067\u306e\u5e83\u304c\u308a[\u7de8\u96c6]\u3055\u3089\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306eaaRS-tRNA\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u304c\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u907a\u4f1d\u6697\u53f7\u306e\u62e1\u5f35\u306b\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3002\u7279\u306b\u8fd1\u5e74\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3042\u308b\u53e4\u7d30\u83cc\u3067\u300c22\u756a\u76ee\u306e\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u300d\u306e\u30d4\u30ed\u30ea\u30b8\u30f3\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308btRNA\u306b\u7d50\u5408\u3055\u305b\u308b\u30d4\u30ed\u30ea\u30b8\u30ebtRNA\u5408\u6210\u9175\u7d20 (PylRS) 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(UGA) \u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3084\u30014\u6587\u5b57\u30b3\u30c9\u30f3\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3082\u5831\u544a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee[\u7de8\u96c6]"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki13\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki13\/archives\/182280#breadcrumbitem","name":"\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u30a2\u30b7\u30ebtRNA\u5408\u6210\u9175\u7d20 – Wikipedia"}}]}]