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1][* 2]\u7d2f\u4ee3\u4ee3\u7d00\u4e16\u671f\u57fa\u5e95\u5e74\u4ee3Mya[* 3]\u9855\u751f\u4ee3\u65b0\u751f\u4ee3\u7b2c\u56db\u7d00  \u5b8c\u65b0\u4e16\u30e1\u30ac\u30e9\u30e4\u30f30.0042\u30ce\u30fc\u30b9\u30b0\u30ea\u30c3\u30d4\u30a2\u30f30.0082\u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30e9\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30f30.0117  \u66f4\u65b0\u4e16\u5f8c\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u4e160.129\u30c1\u30d0\u30cb\u30a2\u30f30.774\u30ab\u30e9\u30d6\u30ea\u30a2\u30f31.8\u30b8\u30a7\u30e9\u30b7\u30a2\u30f32.58\u65b0\u7b2c\u4e09\u7d00  \u9bae\u65b0\u4e16\u30d4\u30a2\u30bb\u30f3\u30b8\u30a2\u30f33.6\u30b6\u30f3\u30af\u30ea\u30a2\u30f35.333  \u4e2d\u65b0\u4e16\u30e1\u30c3\u30b7\u30cb\u30a2\u30f37.246\u30c8\u30fc\u30c8\u30cb\u30a2\u30f311.63\u30b5\u30fc\u30e9\u30d0\u30ea\u30a2\u30f313.82\u30e9\u30f3\u30ae\u30a2\u30f315.97\u30d0\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30ac\u30ea\u30a2\u30f320.44\u30a2\u30ad\u30bf\u30cb\u30a2\u30f323.03\u53e4\u7b2c\u4e09\u7d00  \u6f38\u65b0\u4e16\u30c1\u30e3\u30c3\u30c6\u30a3\u30a2\u30f327.82\u30eb\u30da\u30ea\u30a2\u30f333.9  \u59cb\u65b0\u4e16\u30d7\u30ea\u30a2\u30dc\u30cb\u30a2\u30f337.8\u30d0\u30fc\u30c8\u30cb\u30a2\u30f341.2\u30eb\u30c6\u30b7\u30a2\u30f347.8\u30e4\u30d7\u30ec\u30b7\u30a2\u30f356  \u6681\u65b0\u4e16\u30b5\u30cd\u30c6\u30a3\u30a2\u30f359.2\u30bb\u30e9\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30f359.2\u30c0\u30cb\u30a2\u30f366\u4e2d\u751f\u4ee3251.902\u53e4\u751f\u4ee3541\u539f\u751f\u4ee32500 \u592a\u53e4\u4ee3[* 4]4000\u51a5\u738b\u4ee34600^ \u57fa\u5e95\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u6570\u5024\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8868\u3068\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u51fa\u5178\u306b\u3088\u308b\u305f\u3081\u9055\u3046\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002^ \u57fa\u5e95\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u66f4\u65b0\u5c65\u6b74^ \u767e\u4e07\u5e74\u524d^ \u300c\u59cb\u751f\u4ee3\u300d\u306e\u65b0\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u5730\u8cea\u5b66\u4f1a\u304c2018\u5e747\u6708\u306b\u6539\u8a02  \u4e2d\u65b0\u4e16\uff08\u3061\u3085\u3046\u3057\u3093\u305b\u3044\u3001Miocene\uff09\u306f\u3001\u5730\u8cea\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7d042,300\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u304b\u3089\u7d04500\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u307e\u3067\u306e\u671f\u9593\u3002\u65b0\u751f\u4ee3\u306e\u7b2c\u56db\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u3002\u65b0\u7b2c\u4e09\u7d00\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u4e16\u3002Table of Contents  \u76ee\u6b21\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[\u7de8\u96c6]\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5916\u90e8\u30ea\u30f3\u30af[\u7de8\u96c6]\u76ee\u6b211 \u5206\u985e2 \u80cc\u666f3 \u6c17\u50194 \u751f\u72695 \u811a\u6ce86 \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e7 \u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee8 \u5916\u90e8\u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u30e1\u30c3\u30b7\u30cb\u30a2\u30f3 (7.246 – 5.333 Mya[1])[2]\u30c8\u30fc\u30c8\u30cb\u30a2\u30f3 (11.62 – 7.246 Mya)[2]\u30b5\u30fc\u30e9\u30d0\u30ea\u30a2\u30f3 (13.82 – 11.62 Mya)[2]\u30e9\u30f3\u30ae\u30a2\u30f3 (15.97 – 13.82 Mya)[2]\u30d0\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30ac\u30ea\u30a2\u30f3 (20.44 – 15.97 Mya)[2]\u30a2\u30ad\u30bf\u30cb\u30a2\u30f3 (23.03 – 20.44 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