[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki27\/archives\/291391#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki27\/archives\/291391","headline":"\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u30fb\u30b1\u30a4\u30bf – Wikipedia","name":"\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u30fb\u30b1\u30a4\u30bf – Wikipedia","description":"\u30de\u30ea\u3067\u51fa\u571f\u3057\u305f\u8d64\u571f\u3092\u7d20\u713c\u304d\u3057\u305f\u5c04\u624b\u306e\u50cf\uff0813-15\u4e16\u7d00\uff09\u3002\u3048\u3073\u3089\u3068\u5f13\u306f\u30de\u30ea\u306e\u738b\u6a29\u306e\u8c61\u5fb4\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002 \u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u30fb\u30b1\u30a4\u30bf\uff08Sundiata Keita, 1217\u5e74\u3054\u308d – 1255\u5e74\u3054\u308d\uff09\u306f\u3001\u30de\u30ea\u5e1d\u56fd\u306e\u59cb\u7956\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u82f1\u96c4[2]\u3002\u30de\u30f3\u30c7\u8a9e\uff08\u30de\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30ab\u8a9e\u3001\u30de\u30ea\u30f3\u30b1\u8a9e\u3001\u30d0\u30f3\u30d0\u30e9\u8a9e\u3092\u542b\u3080\uff09\u3067 [s\u028and\u0292\u00e6ta ke\u026ata] \u3068\u767a\u97f3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u58ee\u9e97\u306a\u30e1\u30c3\u30ab\u5de1\u793c\u3067\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u30de\u30ea\u306e\u652f\u914d\u8005\u30de\u30f3\u30b5\u30fb\u30e0\u30fc\u30b5\u306f\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u306e\u5f1f\u306e\u5b6b\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a[3][4][\u6ce8\u91c8 1]\u3001\u30e2\u30c7\u30a3\u30dc\u30fb\u30b1\u30a4\u30bf[5]\u3084\u30b5\u30ea\u30d5\u30fb\u30b1\u30a4\u30bf\u306a\u3069\u306b\u4ee3\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30b1\u30a4\u30bf\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u306e\u540d\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4eba\u3005\u306f\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u306e\u5b50\u5b6b\u3092\u79f0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 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\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u306e\u82f1\u96c4\u8b5a[\u7de8\u96c6]\u540d\u524d\u3068\u540d\u5b57[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30ad\u30ea\u30ca\u306e\u6226\u3044[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u62e1\u304c\u308a\u3092\u5f97\u305f\u30de\u30ea[\u7de8\u96c6]\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[\u7de8\u96c6]\u767a\u5c55\u8cc7\u6599[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5916\u90e8\u30ea\u30f3\u30af[\u7de8\u96c6] \u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u306e\u82f1\u96c4\u8b5a[\u7de8\u96c6] \u30de\u30f3\u30c7\u4eba\u306e\u30b0\u30ea\u30aa\u304c\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u300c\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u53d9\u4e8b\u8a69\u300d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u30fb\u30b1\u30a4\u30bf\u306f\u30ca\u30ec\u30fb\u30de\u30ac\u30f3\u30fb\u30b3\u30ca\u30c6\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u3068\u30bd\u30b4\u30ed\u30f3\u30fb\u30b3\u30f3\u30c7\uff08\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u306e\u606f\u5b50\u3067\u3042\u308b[9]\u3002 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 \u30de\u30ea\u3067\u51fa\u571f\u3057\u305f\u8d64\u571f\u3092\u7d20\u713c\u304d\u3057\u305f\u5c04\u624b\u306e\u50cf\uff0813-15\u4e16\u7d00\uff09\u3002\u3048\u3073\u3089\u3068\u5f13\u306f\u30de\u30ea\u306e\u738b\u6a29\u306e\u8c61\u5fb4\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u30fb\u30b1\u30a4\u30bf\uff08Sundiata Keita, 1217\u5e74\u3054\u308d – 1255\u5e74\u3054\u308d\uff09\u306f\u3001\u30de\u30ea\u5e1d\u56fd\u306e\u59cb\u7956\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u82f1\u96c4[2]\u3002\u30de\u30f3\u30c7\u8a9e\uff08\u30de\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30ab\u8a9e\u3001\u30de\u30ea\u30f3\u30b1\u8a9e\u3001\u30d0\u30f3\u30d0\u30e9\u8a9e\u3092\u542b\u3080\uff09\u3067 [s\u028and\u0292\u00e6ta ke\u026ata] \u3068\u767a\u97f3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u58ee\u9e97\u306a\u30e1\u30c3\u30ab\u5de1\u793c\u3067\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u30de\u30ea\u306e\u652f\u914d\u8005\u30de\u30f3\u30b5\u30fb\u30e0\u30fc\u30b5\u306f\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u306e\u5f1f\u306e\u5b6b\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a[3][4][\u6ce8\u91c8 1]\u3001\u30e2\u30c7\u30a3\u30dc\u30fb\u30b1\u30a4\u30bf[5]\u3084\u30b5\u30ea\u30d5\u30fb\u30b1\u30a4\u30bf\u306a\u3069\u306b\u4ee3\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30b1\u30a4\u30bf\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u306e\u540d\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4eba\u3005\u306f\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u306e\u5b50\u5b6b\u3092\u79f0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002  \u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u30fb\u30b1\u30a4\u30bf\u306f\u30de\u30f3\u30c7\u4eba\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u306e\u53e3\u982d\u4f1d\u627f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300c\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u53d9\u4e8b\u8a69\u300d\u306b\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u534a\u3070\u4f1d\u8aac\u7684\u306a\u4eba\u7269\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c[2]\u3001\u30a8\u30b8\u30d7\u30c8\u3084\u30de\u30b0\u30ec\u30d6\u306e\u6587\u7b46\u5bb6\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u8a9e\u6587\u732e[\u6ce8\u91c8 2]\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5b9f\u5728\u304c\u88cf\u3065\u3051\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u300c\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u53d9\u4e8b\u8a69\u300d\u306f\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u306e\u751f\u6daf\u3092\u7269\u8a9e\u308b\u82f1\u96c4\u8b5a\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300c\u30b0\u30ea\u30aa\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u541f\u904a\u8a69\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u308a\u4e16\u4ee3\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u4f1d\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002Table of Contents  \u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u306e\u82f1\u96c4\u8b5a[\u7de8\u96c6]\u540d\u524d\u3068\u540d\u5b57[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30ad\u30ea\u30ca\u306e\u6226\u3044[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u62e1\u304c\u308a\u3092\u5f97\u305f\u30de\u30ea[\u7de8\u96c6]\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[\u7de8\u96c6]\u767a\u5c55\u8cc7\u6599[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5916\u90e8\u30ea\u30f3\u30af[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u306e\u82f1\u96c4\u8b5a[\u7de8\u96c6]  \u30de\u30f3\u30c7\u4eba\u306e\u30b0\u30ea\u30aa\u304c\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u300c\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u53d9\u4e8b\u8a69\u300d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u30fb\u30b1\u30a4\u30bf\u306f\u30ca\u30ec\u30fb\u30de\u30ac\u30f3\u30fb\u30b3\u30ca\u30c6\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u3068\u30bd\u30b4\u30ed\u30f3\u30fb\u30b3\u30f3\u30c7\uff08\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u306e\u606f\u5b50\u3067\u3042\u308b[9]\u3002\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u306f\u751f\u307e\u308c\u3064\u304d\u306e\u8db3\u840e\u3048\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30bd\u30b4\u30ed\u30f3\u306f\u606f\u5b50\u306e\u8eab\u4f53\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u4ed6\u306e\u5ac1\u305f\u3061\u304b\u3089\u5632\u7b11\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u6bcd\u306e\u3044\u3058\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u59ff\u3092\u898b\u305f\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u306f\u6fc0\u3057\u3044\u601d\u3044\u3092\u5fc3\u306b\u62b1\u304d\u3001\u540c\u3044\u5e74\u306e\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6b69\u304f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3069\u3093\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3082\u3084\u308d\u3046\u3068\u6c7a\u5fc3\u3057\u305f\u3002\u52aa\u529b\u304c\u5b9f\u308a\u3001\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u306f\u7acb\u3061\u4e0a\u304c\u308a\u3001\u6b69\u304d\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u3002\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u306f\u30ac\u30ad\u5927\u5c06\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u3068\u30bd\u30b4\u30ed\u30f3\u3092\u3053\u3068\u306e\u307b\u304b\u3044\u3058\u3081\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u7236\u65b9\u306e\u3044\u3068\u3053\u306e\u30c0\u30f3\u30ab\u30e9\u30f3\u30fb\u30c8\u30a5\u30de\u30f3\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u3068\u305d\u306e\u6bcd\u30b5\u30c3\u30b9\u30de\u30fb\u30d9\u30ec\u30c6\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3044\u3058\u3081\u306f\u3001\u30ca\u30ec\u30fb\u30de\u30ac\u30f3\u738b\u304c\u4ea1\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3072\u3069\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u306e\u547d\u306b\u5371\u967a\u304c\u8feb\u308b\u3002\u30bd\u30b4\u30ed\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u8feb\u5bb3\u304b\u3089\u9003\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u3068\u305d\u306e\u59b9\u305f\u3061\u3092\u9023\u308c\u3066\u3001\u653e\u6d6a\u306e\u65c5\u306b\u51fa\u305f\u3002\u5b89\u5168\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u30ac\u30fc\u30ca\u306e\u8af8\u56fd\u3092\u3055\u3059\u3089\u3046\u65c5\u306f\u4f55\u5e74\u306b\u3082\u53ca\u3073\u3001\u3064\u3044\u306b\u30e1\u30de\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u306e\u738b\u306e\u5e87\u8b77\u3092\u5f97\u305f\u3002 \u30e1\u30de\u306e\u738b\u306f\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u306e\u52c7\u6c17\u3068\u4e0d\u5c48\u3055\u3092\u9ad8\u304f\u8a55\u4fa1\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5f7c\u306b\u738b\u56fd\u306e\u76f8\u8ac7\u5f79\u306e\u5730\u4f4d\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u3002\u3042\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u30bd\u30bd\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u306e\u738b\u30b9\u30de\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u304c\u30de\u30f3\u30c7\u4eba\u3092\u5f81\u670d\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30de\u30f3\u30c7\u306e\u6c11\u306f\u5deb\u8853\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3068\u3001\u30bd\u30b4\u30ed\u30f3\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u304c\u3001\u307f\u306a\u3092\u7387\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u904b\u547d\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u65b9\u3005\u3078\u4f7f\u8005\u3092\u9001\u308a\u3001\u30bd\u30b4\u30ed\u30f3\u3092\u63a2\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4f7f\u8005\u3089\u306f\u30e1\u30de\u3067\u30bd\u30b4\u30ed\u30f3\u3068\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u3092\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u8af8\u90e8\u65cf\u306e\u89e3\u653e\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6545\u90f7\u306e\u30de\u30f3\u30c7\u4eba\u306e\u5730\u306b\u623b\u3063\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3068\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u3092\u8aac\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u306e\u5e30\u9084\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a\u3001\u30e1\u30de\u306e\u738b\u306f\u5f7c\u306b\u5175\u3092\u4f34\u308f\u305b\u305f\u3002\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u30de\u30ea\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30bf\u30dc\u30f3\u30fb\u30ef\u30ca\u3001\u30ab\u30de\u30b8\u30e3\u30fb\u30ab\u30de\u30e9\u3001\u30d5\u30a1\u30aa\u30cb\u30fb\u30b3\u30f3\u30c7\u3001\u30b7\u30a2\u30e9\u30fb\u30af\u30de\u30f3\u30fb\u30b3\u30ca\u30c6\u3001\u30c6\u30a3\u30e9\u30de\u30ab\u30f3\u30fb\u30c8\u30e9\u30aa\u30ec\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u7fa4\u96c4\u304c\u5272\u62e0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u5f37\u6575\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30bd\u30bd\u306e\u738b\u304b\u3089\u30de\u30f3\u30c7\u306e\u5730\u3068\u305d\u306e\u6c11\u3092\u89e3\u653e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30b7\u30d3\u306e\u539f\uff08\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u3067\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u3068\u7fa9\u5144\u5f1f\u306e\u5951\u308a\u3092\u7d50\u3093\u3060\u3002\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u3068\u7fa9\u5144\u5f1f\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5175\u306f\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30ca\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u3067\u30b9\u30de\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u3092\u3084\u3076\u308a\u3001\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u306f\u30de\u30f3\u30b5[\u6ce8\u91c8 3]\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002[10][11][12][13][14][15]\u300c\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u53d9\u4e8b\u8a69\u300d\u306f\u5404\u4e8b\u4ef6\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u5e74\u304c\u3044\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u8a73\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30d0\u30c3\u30c8\u30a5\u30fc\u30bf (1304\u20131368) \u3084\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30cf\u30eb\u30c9\u30a5\u30fc\u30f3 (1332\u20131406)\u3001\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30d5\u30a1\u30c9\u30eb\u30c3\u30e9\u30fc\u30fb\u30a6\u30de\u30ea\u30fc\uff08\u30da\u30eb\u30b7\u30a2\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u3001\u30de\u30d5\u30e0\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30ab\u30a2\u30c6\u30a3\uff08\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f14\u4e16\u7d00-15\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u6587\u7b46\u5bb6\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u8a9e\u6587\u732e\u304c\u30de\u30ea\u5e1d\u56fd\u306e\u30de\u30f3\u30b5\u306e\u7cfb\u8b5c\u3084\u5404\u4e8b\u4ef6\u306e\u304a\u304a\u3088\u305d\u306e\u5e74\u4ee3\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u3066\u304a\u308a\u300113\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u9803\u306b\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b[16]\u3002\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u306e\u751f\u6ca1\u5e74\u306f\u4e0d\u8a73\u3060\u304c\u3001\u53d9\u4e8b\u8a69\u3068\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u8a9e\u6587\u732e\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u63a8\u5b9a\u306f\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001Snodgrass (2009) \u306f 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\u3084\u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30cf\u30eb\u30c9\u30a5\u30fc\u30f3 (1332\u20131406)\u306a\u3069\u3002^ \u30a4\u30d6\u30f3\u30fb\u30d0\u30c3\u30c8\u30a5\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u300c\u30de\u30f3\u30b5\u300d\u3068\u306f\u30de\u30f3\u30c7\u8a9e\u3067\u300c\u738b\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u738b\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u79f0\u53f7\u3002^ \u300c\u30b3\u30ca\u30c6\u300d\u306e\u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30d5\u30a1\u30d9\u30c3\u30c8\u7db4\u308a\u306f\u3001Konat\u00e9, Konateh, Konate, Conateh \u306a\u3069\u3002Konat\u00e9 \u306f\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u98a8\u3001Konateh \u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u6587\u5b57\u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30eb\u30d5\u30a1\u30d9\u30c3\u30c8\u8ee2\u5199\u3001Conateh \u306f\u30ac\u30f3\u30d3\u30a2\u306e\u30de\u30f3\u30c7\u4eba\u304c\u82f1\u8a9e\u6587\u732e\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3002^ Delafosse merely linked different legends (i.e. the Tautain story etc.) and prescribed Diara Kant\u00e9 (1180) as the father of Soumaoro, in order to link the Sossos to the Diarisso Dynasty of Kaniaga (Jarisso). He also failed to give sources as to how he arrived to that conclusion and the genealogy he created. Monteil describes his work as “unacceptable”. The African Studies Association describe it as “…too creative to be useful to historians”. See:African Studies Association, History in Africa, Vol. 11, African Studies Association, 1984, University of Michigan, pp. 42-51.Monteil, Charles, “Fin de si\u00e8cle \u00e0 M\u00e9dine (1898-1899)”, Bulletin de l’lFAN, vol. 28, s\u00e9rie B, n\u00b0 1-2, 1966, p. 166.Monteil, Charles, “La l\u00e9gende officielle de Soundiata, fondateur de l’empire manding”, Bulletin du Comit\u00e9 d ‘Etudes historiques et scientifiques de l ‘AOF, VIII, n\u00b0 2, 1924.Robert Cornevin, Histoire de l’Afrique, Tome I: des origines au XVIe si\u00e8cle (Paris, 1962), 347-48 (ref. to Delafosse in Haut-S\u00e9n\u00e9gal-Niger vol. 1, pp. 256-257).Crowder, Michael, West Africa: an introduction to its history, Longman, 1977, p. 31 (based on Delafosse’s work).Delafosse, Maurice Haut-S\u00e9n\u00e9gal-Niger: Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues; l’Histoire; les Civilizations. vols. 1-3, Paris: \u00c9mile Larose (1912) (eds Marie Fran\u00e7ois Joseph Clozel).^ a b c \u300e\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30e0\u4e8b\u5178\u300f\u5e73\u51e1\u793e\u30011982\u5e744\u670810\u65e5\u3002ISBN\u00a04-582-12601-4\u3002\u3001\u300c\u30de\u30ea\u5e1d\u56fd\u300d\u306e\u9805\uff08\u57f7\u7b46\u8005\uff1a\u5ddd\u7530\u9806\u9020\uff09\u3002^ a b Cox, George O. African Empires and Civilizations: ancient and medieval, African Heritage Studies Publishers, 1974, p. 160.^ Noel King (ed.), Ibn Battuta in Black Africa, Princeton, 2005, pp. 45\u201346. Four generations before Mansa Suleiman who died in 1360 CE, his grandfather’s grandfather (Saraq Jata) had embraced Islam.^ \u201cMali\u2019s first president, Modibo Keita, died a prisoner on this day in 1977\u201d. 2018\u5e747\u670817\u65e5\u95b2\u89a7\u3002^ a b eds Alexander, Leslie M., & Walter C. Rucker, Encyclopedia of African American History, Vol. 1, pp. 109-110, ABC-CLIO, 2010, 1-85109-769-4.^ Ed. Senghor, L\u00e9opold S\u00e9dar, \u00c9thiopiques, Issues 21-24, Grande imprimerie africaine, 1980, p. 79.^ Conrad, David C., Sunjata: a West African epic of the Mande peoples (eds David C. Conrad, Djanka Tassey Cond\u00e9, trans. David C. Conrad), pp. ix, x, xxvi, Hackett Publishing, 2004, 0-87220-697-1.^ An Interview with Ibn Battuta, Kathleen Knoblock, Primary Source Fluency Activities: World Cultures (In Sub-Saharan Africa), pub. Shell Education 2007 978-1-4258-0102-1^ Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-1354, by Ibn Battuta, London 2005, p. 324 0-415-34473-5^ Jansen, Jan (1998). \u201cHot Issues: The 1997 Kamabolon Ceremony in Kangaba (Mali)\u201d. The International Journal of African Historical Studies 31 (2):  253\u2013278. JSTOR\u00a0221083.\u00a0 On page 256, Jan Jansen writes: \u201cMansa is generally translated as ‘king,’ ‘ruler’ or ‘ancestor.’ The Griaulians, however, often translate mansa as ‘God,’ ‘the divine principle’ or ‘priest king,’ although they never argue the choice for this translation, which has an enormous impact on their analysis of the Kamabolon ceremony.\u201d^ A Grammar of the Mandingo Language: With Vocabularies, by Robert Maxwell Macbrair, London 1873, p. 5.^ Making America \u2013 A History of the United States, 5th edition, by Carol Berkin, Christopher Miller, Robert Cherny, James Gormly & Douglas Egerton, Boston 2011, p. 13 978-0-618-47139-3^ Maurice Delafosse, La langue mandingue et ses dialects (Malink\u00e9, Bambara, Dioula), Paris 1929, p. 612. There, the author brings down the French word “roi” (English: king), and brings its Mandingo equivalent, m\u00e3-nsa, m\u00e3-sa, m\u0101-sa, ma-nsa-kye.^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Niane, D.T. (1998-05-10). \u201c6. Mali and the second Mandingo expansion\u201d. In D. T. Niane (PDF). Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century. UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV. University of California Press. pp.\u00a0117-171. ISBN\u00a0978-0520066991. http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0018\/001842\/184287eo.pdf 2018\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u95b2\u89a7\u3002\u00a0^ Sammis, Kathy, Focus on World History: The Era of Expanding Global Connections –1000-1500, p. 66^ a b c d Conrad, David C., Sunjata: a West African epic of the Mande peoples (eds David C. Conrad, Djanka Tassey Cond\u00e9, trans. David C. Conrad), p. xxxv, Hackett Publishing, 2004, 0-87220-697-1.^ BBC World Service, see: See: BBC World Service, The Story of Africa, West African Kingdoms (under Origins).^  See vols. 1-3 Delafosse, Maurice, Haut-S\u00e9n\u00e9gal-Niger (Soudan Fran\u00e7ais), le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues, l’Histoire, les Civilisations (vols. 1-3)(in Gallica).^  Delafosse, Maurice, Traditions historiques et l\u00e9gendaires du Soudan occidental, Traduites d’un manscrit arabe in\u00e9dit par Maurice Delafosse (in Gallica).^ Stride, G. T., & Caroline Ifeka, Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in history, 1000-1800, Africana Pub. Corp., 1971, p. 49.^ Fyle, Magbaily, Introduction to the History of African Civilization: Precolonial Africa, p. 61.^ Niane, Djibril Tamsir, Unesco. International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa, Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century, Unesco. International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa, p. 133, University of California Press, 1984, 0-435-94810-5.^ Mwakikagile, Godfrey, Ethnic Diversity and Integration in the Gambia (2010), p. 224, 9987-9322-2-3.^ Austen, Ralph A., In Search of Sunjata: The Mande Oral Epic As History, Literature and Performance, Bloomington: Indiana University Press (1999), p. 93, 0-253-21248-0.^ Mwakikagile, Godfrey, Ethnic Diversity and Integration in the Gambia (2010), p. 224, 9987-9322-2-3.^ Fage, J. D, The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 1050 to c. 1600 (eds J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver), p. 390, Cambridge University Press, 1977, 0-521-20981-1.^ Badru, Pade, The Spread of Islam in West Africa: colonization, globalization, and the emergence of fundamentalism, pp. 100-102, Edwin Mellen Press, 2006, 0-7734-5535-3.^ a b Collins, Robert O., &  James McDonald, A History of Sub-Saharan Africa, p. 84, Cambridge University Press, 2007, 0-521-86746-0.^ Historians believe that Sundiata was not a devout Muslim and that it was his descendants who made Islam the official religion of the nobility.^ “Religion in Africa and the Diaspora – Comparative Belief Study”, African Belief.^ Stride, G. T., & Caroline Ifeka, Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in history, 1000-1800, Africana Pub. Corp., 1971, pp. 51-53.^ D.T. Niane, Soundjata ou L\u2019\u00c9pop\u00e9e Mandigue, Paris 1961, p. 15 note 2 (French)^ a b Austen, Ralph. Trans-Saharan Africa in World History, Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 98.^ Niane 1965, p. 21.^ Niane 1965, p. 21.^ The Encyclopedia Americana, Vol. 11, Americana Corp., 1977, p. 667, 0-7172-0108-2.^ a b Asante, Molefi K., Mazama, Ama, Encyclopedia of Black Studies, SAGE Publications, 2005, p. 318, 0-7619-2762-X.^ Ngom, Biram: La question Gelwaar et l\u2019histoire du Siin, Dakar, Universit\u00e9 de Dakar, 1987.^ Djibril Tamsir Niane, Histoire des Mandingues de l’Ouest: le royaume du Gabou, p. 22.^ Fage, J. D., & Oliver, Roland Anthony, The Cambridge History of Africa, p. 381. Cambridge University Press, 1975.^ Snodgrass (2009), Encyclopedia of the Literature of Empire, p. 77.^ a b Boahen, A. Adu, Topics in West African History, p. 16, Longman, 1966, 0-582-64502-6.^ Delafosse, Maurice, Haut-S\u00e9n\u00e9gal-Niger: Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues; l’Histoire; les Civilizations, vols. 1-3, Paris: \u00c9mile Larose (1912) (eds Marie Fran\u00e7ois Joseph Clozel).^ See also: Mamadou Kouyate quoted in BBC World Service, The Story of Africa, “West African Kingdoms” (under Origins).^ Cooley, William, The Negroland of the Arabs Examined and Explained (1841): Or an Enquiry Into the Early History and Geography of Central Africa, p. 62, Routledge, 1966 0-7146-1799-7.^ a b Ellen Snodgrass, Encyclopedia of the Literature of Empire, p. 78.^ Great Britain. Naval Intelligence Division, French West Africa: The Federation, HMSO, 1943, p. 171.^ Ronica Roth, “Mali’s Boy-King: A Thirteenth-Century African Epic Becomes Digital” (in NEH): Humanities, July\/August 1998, Vol. 19\/Number 4.^ Trey McElveen, Mrs. Rohlfs, “Hamlet and The Lion King: Shakespearean Influences on Modern Entertainment”, British Literature, 17 April 1998 (in lionking.org).\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[\u7de8\u96c6]Snodgrass, Mary Ellen, Encyclopedia of the Literature of Empire, p.\u00a077, Infobase Publishing, 2009, 1-4381-1906-2.Conrad, David C. (1992). \u201cSearching for History in the Sunjata Epic: The Case of Fakoli\u201d. History in Africa 19:  147\u2013200. JSTOR\u00a03171998.\u00a0Conrad, David C. (2005). Empires of Medieval West Africa. Infobase Publishing. ISBN\u00a01-4381-0319-0. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/EmpiresOfMedievalWestAfrica 2018\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u95b2\u89a7\u3002\u00a0.Jansen, Jan (2001), \u201cThe Sunjata Epic: The Ultimate Version\u201d, Research in African Literatures 32 (1):  14\u201346, doi:10.1353\/ral.2001.0016, JSTOR\u00a03820580, https:\/\/jstor.org\/stable\/3820580\u00a0.Niane, D. T. (1965), Sundiata: an epic of old Mali, London: Longmans\u00a0.\u767a\u5c55\u8cc7\u6599[\u7de8\u96c6]\u300c\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u30fb\u30b1\u30a4\u30bf\u300d\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u77e5\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u8cc7\u6599Biebuyck, Daniel P. (1976), \u201cThe African Heroic Epic\u201d, Journal of Folklore Institute 13 (1):  5\u201336, JSTOR\u00a03813812, https:\/\/jstor.org\/stable\/3813812\u00a0.Bulman, Stephen (2004), \u201cA school for epic? The \u00e9cole William Ponty and the evolution of the Sunjata epic, 1913-c. 1960\u201d, in Jansen, Jan; Mair, Henk M. J., Epic Adventures: Heroic Narrative in the Oral Performance Traditions of Four Continents, M\u00fcnster: Lit Verlag, pp.\u00a034\u201345, ISBN\u00a03-8258-6758-7, https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=UJEyHSUy8GMC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA34#v=onepage&q&f=false\u00a0.Conrad, David C. (1984), \u201cOral sources on links between great states: Sumanguru, Servile Lineage, the Jariso, and Kaniaga\u201d, History in Africa 11:  35\u201355, JSTOR\u00a03171626, https:\/\/jstor.org\/stable\/3171626\u00a0.Davidson, Basil (1995), Africa in History: Themes and Outlines, New York: Simon & Schuster, ISBN\u00a00-684-82667-4\u00a0.Gilbert, E.; Reynolds, J.T. (2004), Africa in World History: from prehistory to the present, Pearson Education, ISBN\u00a00-13-092907-7\u00a0.Janson, Marloes (2004), \u201cThe narration of the Sunjata epic as gendered activity\u201d, in Jansen, Jan; Mair, Henk M.J., Epic Adventures: Heroic Narrative in the Oral Performance Traditions of Four Continents, M\u00fcnster: Lit Verlag, pp.\u00a081\u201388, ISBN\u00a03-8258-6758-7\u00a0.Johnson, John William. 1992. The Epic of Son-Jara: A West African Tradition. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.McKissack, Patricia; McKissack, Fredrick (1995), The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhay: Life in Medieval Africa, Sagebrush, ISBN\u00a00-8050-4259-8\u00a0.Newton, Robert C. 2006. Of Dangerous Energy and Transformations: Nyamakalaya and the Sunjata Phenomenon. Research in African Literatures Vol. 37, No. 2: 15-33.Quiquandon, F. (1892), \u201cHistoire de la puissance mandinque d’ apr\u00e8s la l\u00e9gende et la tradition\u201d (French), Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de g\u00e9ographie commerciale de Bordeaux 15:  305\u2013318, http:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/bpt6k1046920\/f320\u00a0. One of the first publications presenting a version of the Sundiata Epic.Tsaaior, James Tar (2010), \u201cWebbed Words: masked meanings: proverbiality and narrative\/discursive strategies in D. T. Niane’s Dundiata: An Epic of Mali\u201d, Proverbium 27:  339\u2013362\u00a0.Wali\u0144ski, Grzegorz (1991), \u201cThe image of the ruler as presented in the tradition about Sunjata\u201d, in Pi\u0142aszewicz, S.; Rzewuski, E., Unwritten Testimonies of the African Past. Proceedings of the International Symposium held in Ojrzan\u00f3w n. Warsaw on 07-08 November 1989, Orientalia Varsoviensia 2, Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, http:\/\/www.orient.uw.edu.pl\/web-kjika\/images\/stories\/Testimonies\/20_walinski.pdf\u00a0.Published translations of the epic include D. T. Niane’s prose version, Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali (Harlow: Longman, 2006, 1994, c.1965: 1-4058-4942-8), Fa-Digi Sisoko’s oral version, Son-Jara: The Mande Epic (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 2003), Issiaka Diakite-Kaba’s French-English diglot dramatized version Soundjata, Le Leon\/Sunjata, The Lion (Denver: Outskirts Press and Paris: Les Editions l’Harmattan, 2010).\u5916\u90e8\u30ea\u30f3\u30af[\u7de8\u96c6]"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki27\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki27\/archives\/291391#breadcrumbitem","name":"\u30b9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30bf\u30fb\u30b1\u30a4\u30bf – Wikipedia"}}]}]