[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki29\/archives\/290368#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki29\/archives\/290368","headline":"\u5927\u5186\u8ddd\u96e2 – Wikipedia","name":"\u5927\u5186\u8ddd\u96e2 – Wikipedia","description":"2\u70b9\uff08P,Q\uff09\u9593\u306e\u5927\u5186\u8ddd\u96e2(\u8d64\u7dda\u90e8)\u3002u,v\u306f\u5bfe\u8e60\u70b9 \u5927\u5186\u8ddd\u96e2(\u3060\u3044\u3048\u3093\u304d\u3087\u308a\u3001\u82f1: great-circular distance\u3001\u7403\u9762\u4e0a\u306e\u5927\u5186\u306b\u6cbf\u3046\u8ddd\u96e2\u3092\u3055\u3059\u3002\u5927\u5186\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u7403\u9762\u4e0a\u306e2\u70b9\u9593\u306e\u9577\u3055\u304c\u6700\u77ed\u3068\u306a\u308b\u8ddd\u96e2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 \u7279\u306b\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u5927\u570f\u8ddd\u96e2\uff08\u305f\u3044\u3051\u3093\u304d\u3087\u308a\uff09\u3068\u3082\u8a00\u3046\u3002 \u6700\u3082\u4e21\u6975\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u70b9\u3092\u9802\u70b9\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3002 \u30e6\u30fc\u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u7a7a\u9593\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7403\u5185\u90e8\u3092\u901a\u308a2\u70b9\u9593\u3092\u76f4\u7dda\u7d50\u3076\u30e6\u30fc\u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u8ddd\u96e2\u304c\u6700\u5c0f\u3068\u306a\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7403\u9762\u4e0a\u306b\u306f\u76f4\u7dda\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3053\u308c\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002\u00a0 \u975e\u30e6\u30fc\u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u7a7a\u9593\u3067\u306f\u3001\u76f4\u7dda\u3092\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3057\u305f\u6e2c\u5730\u7dda\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7403\u9762\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u6e2c\u5730\u7dda\u306f\u7403\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5186\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5927\u5186\u3068\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5927\u5186\u8ddd\u96e2\u306f\u5927\u5186\u4e0a\u306e2\u70b9\u9593\u306e\u5f27\u306e\u9577\u3055\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002 \u7403\u9762\u4e0a\u306e\u5bfe\u8e60\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u306e2\u70b9\u3092\u901a\u308b\u5927\u5186\u306f\u4e00\u610f\u306b\u5b9a\u307e\u308b\u3002 2\u70b9\u306f\u5927\u5186\u30922\u3064\u306e\u5f27\u306b\u5206\u5272\u3059\u308b\u3002 \u305d\u306e\u3046\u3061\u77ed\u3044\u65b9\u306e\u5f27\u306e\u9577\u3055\u304c\u5927\u5186\u8ddd\u96e2\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002 A great circle endowed with such a distance is","datePublished":"2022-04-26","dateModified":"2022-04-26","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki29\/archives\/author\/lordneo#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki29\/archives\/author\/lordneo","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/book.png","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/book.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cb\/Illustration_of_great-circle_distance.svg\/220px-Illustration_of_great-circle_distance.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cb\/Illustration_of_great-circle_distance.svg\/220px-Illustration_of_great-circle_distance.svg.png","height":"220","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki29\/archives\/290368","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":6229,"articleBody":"  2\u70b9\uff08P,Q\uff09\u9593\u306e\u5927\u5186\u8ddd\u96e2(\u8d64\u7dda\u90e8)\u3002u,v\u306f\u5bfe\u8e60\u70b9\u5927\u5186\u8ddd\u96e2(\u3060\u3044\u3048\u3093\u304d\u3087\u308a\u3001\u82f1: great-circular distance\u3001\u7403\u9762\u4e0a\u306e\u5927\u5186\u306b\u6cbf\u3046\u8ddd\u96e2\u3092\u3055\u3059\u3002\u5927\u5186\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u7403\u9762\u4e0a\u306e2\u70b9\u9593\u306e\u9577\u3055\u304c\u6700\u77ed\u3068\u306a\u308b\u8ddd\u96e2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u5927\u570f\u8ddd\u96e2\uff08\u305f\u3044\u3051\u3093\u304d\u3087\u308a\uff09\u3068\u3082\u8a00\u3046\u3002\u6700\u3082\u4e21\u6975\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u70b9\u3092\u9802\u70b9\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3002\u30e6\u30fc\u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u7a7a\u9593\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7403\u5185\u90e8\u3092\u901a\u308a2\u70b9\u9593\u3092\u76f4\u7dda\u7d50\u3076\u30e6\u30fc\u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u8ddd\u96e2\u304c\u6700\u5c0f\u3068\u306a\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7403\u9762\u4e0a\u306b\u306f\u76f4\u7dda\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3053\u308c\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002\u00a0 \u975e\u30e6\u30fc\u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u7a7a\u9593\u3067\u306f\u3001\u76f4\u7dda\u3092\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3057\u305f\u6e2c\u5730\u7dda\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7403\u9762\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u6e2c\u5730\u7dda\u306f\u7403\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5186\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5927\u5186\u3068\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5927\u5186\u8ddd\u96e2\u306f\u5927\u5186\u4e0a\u306e2\u70b9\u9593\u306e\u5f27\u306e\u9577\u3055\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u7403\u9762\u4e0a\u306e\u5bfe\u8e60\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u306e2\u70b9\u3092\u901a\u308b\u5927\u5186\u306f\u4e00\u610f\u306b\u5b9a\u307e\u308b\u3002 2\u70b9\u306f\u5927\u5186\u30922\u3064\u306e\u5f27\u306b\u5206\u5272\u3059\u308b\u3002 \u305d\u306e\u3046\u3061\u77ed\u3044\u65b9\u306e\u5f27\u306e\u9577\u3055\u304c\u5927\u5186\u8ddd\u96e2\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002 A great circle endowed with such a distance is the Riemannian circle.\u5bfe\u8e60\u70b9\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e2\u70b9\u3092\u901a\u308b\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u5186\u304c\u5927\u5186\u3068\u306a\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5186\u306b\u304a\u3044\u30662\u70b9\u9593\u306e\u5f27\u306e\u9577\u3055\u306f\u4e00\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u534a\u5186\u306e\u5186\u5468\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u534a\u5f84r{displaystyle r}\u306e\u7403\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u03c0r{displaystyle pi r}\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5730\u7403\u306f\u307b\u307c\u7403\u72b6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u30012\u70b9\u9593\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u3092\u7403\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u3066\u3082\u8aa4\u5dee\u306f0.5%\u4ee5\u5185\u3068\u306a\u308b\uff08\u5f8c\u8ff0\uff09\u3002[1]\u00a0\u5927\u5186\u306e\u5f27\uff08\u5927\u570f\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\uff09\u306f\u7b49\u89d2\u822a\u8def\u3084isoazimuthal\u7dda\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u306e\u4efb\u610f\u306e2\u70b9\u9593\u3092\u7d50\u3076\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b3\u3064\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002  2\u70b9P,Q\u9593\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u89d2\u0394\u03c3{displaystyle Delta sigma }\u3002\u03bb\u3068\u03c6\u306fP\u306e\u7def\u5ea6\u3068\u7d4c\u5ea6\u3002\u03d51,\u03bb1{displaystyle phi _{1},lambda _{1}} \u3068\u03d52,\u03bb2{displaystyle phi _{2},lambda _{2}} \u3092\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u70b91\u3068\u70b92\u306e\u7def\u5ea6\u3068\u7d4c\u5ea6\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u0394\u03d5,\u0394\u03bb{displaystyle Delta phi ,Delta lambda } \u306f\u305d\u306e\u5dee\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u5024\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u6642\u30012\u70b9\u9593\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u89d2 \u0394\u03c3{displaystyle Delta sigma }\u306f\u7403\u9762\u4f59\u5f26\u5b9a\u7406\u3088\u308a\u0394\u03c3=arccos\u2061(sin\u2061\u03d51\u22c5sin\u2061\u03d52+cos\u2061\u03d51\u22c5cos\u2061\u03d52\u22c5cos\u2061(\u0394\u03bb)){displaystyle Delta sigma =arccos {bigl (}sin phi _{1}cdot sin phi _{2}+cos phi _{1}cdot cos phi _{2}cdot cos(Delta lambda ){bigr )}}\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u8ddd\u96e2 d{displaystyle d}\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u5186\u5f27\u9577\u306f\u3001\u7403\u306e\u534a\u5f84 r{displaystyle r} \u3001\u5f27\u5ea6\u3067\u8868\u3055\u308c\u305f\u0394\u03c3{displaystyle Delta sigma }\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066d=r\u0394\u03c3{displaystyle d=r,Delta sigma }\u3068\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002Table of Contents\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a08\u7b97[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u8868\u73fe[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5f26\u9577\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8a08\u7b97[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5730\u7403\u534a\u5f84[\u7de8\u96c6]\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a08\u7b97[\u7de8\u96c6]\u7cbe\u5ea6\uff08\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u6570\uff09\u304c\u4f4e\u3044\u6d6e\u52d5\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u6570 \u3092\u6271\u3046\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7403\u9762\u4f59\u5f26\u5b9a\u7406\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u306f\u77ed\u3044\u8ddd\u96e2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5927\u304d\u306a\u4e38\u3081\u8aa4\u5dee\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f1 km\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u89d2\u306e\u4f59\u5f26\u306f0.99999999\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002 \u305f\u3060\u3057\u73fe\u5728\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b64\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u6d6e\u52d5\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u6570\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u6570\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u554f\u984c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u307b\u3069\u306e\u4e38\u3081\u8aa4\u5dee\u306f\u767a\u751f\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002[2] \u4e0b\u8a18\u306ehaversine\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a08\u7b97\u6cd5\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u307b\u3046\u304c\u826f\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002[3]\u0394\u03c3=2arcsin\u2061sin2\u2061(\u0394\u03d52)+cos\u2061\u03d51\u22c5cos\u2061\u03d52\u22c5sin2\u2061(\u0394\u03bb2).{displaystyle Delta sigma =2arcsin {sqrt {sin ^{2}left({frac {Delta phi }{2}}right)+cos {phi _{1}}cdot cos {phi _{2}}cdot sin ^{2}left({frac {Delta lambda }{2}}right)}}.;!}  \u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5f0f\u306fhav\u2061(\u03b8)=sin2\u2061(\u03b8\/2){displaystyle operatorname {hav} (theta )=sin ^{2}(theta \/2)}\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u308bhaversine\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u95a2\u6570\u8868\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6570\u5f0f\u306f\u7403\u9762\u4e0a\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u70b9\u306e\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6b63\u78ba\u3060\u304c\u3001\u5bfe\u8e60\u70b9\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u8aa4\u5dee\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u3002\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u306b\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u5f0f\u3068\u3057\u3066Vincenty formula\u306e\u5168\u3066\u306e\u8ef8\u306e\u7d4c\u304c\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u6955\u5186\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5834\u5408\u306e\u4e0b\u8a18\u306e\u5f0f\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002[4]  \u0394\u03c3=arctan\u2061(cos\u2061\u03d52\u22c5sin\u2061(\u0394\u03bb))2+(cos\u2061\u03d51\u22c5sin\u2061\u03d52\u2212sin\u2061\u03d51\u22c5cos\u2061\u03d52\u22c5cos\u2061(\u0394\u03bb))2sin\u2061\u03d51\u22c5sin\u2061\u03d52+cos\u2061\u03d51\u22c5cos\u2061\u03d52\u22c5cos\u2061(\u0394\u03bb).{displaystyle Delta sigma =arctan {frac {sqrt {left(cos phi _{2}cdot sin(Delta lambda )right)^{2}+left(cos phi _{1}cdot sin phi _{2}-sin phi _{1}cdot cos phi _{2}cdot cos(Delta lambda )right)^{2}}}{sin phi _{1}cdot sin phi _{2}+cos phi _{1}cdot cos phi _{2}cdot cos(Delta lambda )}}.}\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u969b\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u9006\u6b63\u63a5\u95a2\u6570(atan())\u3088\u308a\u3082 atan2() \u95a2\u6570\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u307b\u3046\u304c\u3001\u0394\u03c3{displaystyle Delta sigma } \u304c\u5168\u8c61\u9650\u3067\u51fa\u529b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u826f\u3044\u3002\u5927\u5186\u8ddd\u96e2\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u306f\u3001\u822a\u7a7a\u6a5f\u3084\u8239\u8236\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u8a08\u7b97\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5927\u5186\u8ddd\u96e2\u4ee5\u5916\u306b\u3001\u51fa\u767a\u70b9\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e2d\u9593\u306e\u5404\u70b9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u65b9\u4f4d\u89d2\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u3082\u884c\u3046\u3002  \u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u8868\u73fe[\u7de8\u96c6]\u7def\u5ea6\/\u7d4c\u5ea6\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u30e6\u30fc\u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u7a7a\u9593\u4e0a\u306e3\u6b21\u5143\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u65b9\u6cd5\u3060\u304c\u3001\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u5185\u7a4d\u3068\u5916\u7a4d\u306b\u3088\u308a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8868\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002[5]\u0394\u03c3=arccos\u2061(n1\u22c5n2)\u0394\u03c3=arcsin\u2061|n1\u00d7n2|\u0394\u03c3=arctan\u2061|n1\u00d7n2|n1\u22c5n2{displaystyle {begin{aligned}Delta sigma &=arccos(mathbf {n} _{1}cdot mathbf {n} _{2})\\Delta sigma &=arcsin left|mathbf {n} _{1}times mathbf {n} _{2}right|\\Delta sigma &=arctan {frac {left|mathbf {n} _{1}times mathbf {n} _{2}right|}{mathbf {n} _{1}cdot mathbf {n} _{2}}}\\end{aligned}},!}n1{displaystyle mathbf {n} _{1}}\u3068n2{displaystyle mathbf {n} _{2}} \u306f\u7403\u9762\u4e0a\u306e2\u70b9\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u6cd5\u7dda\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 \u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u7def\u5ea6\/\u7d4c\u5ea6\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u7269\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u9006\u6b63\u63a5\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a08\u7b97\u5f0f\u304c\u552f\u4e00\u5168\u3066\u306e\u89d2\u5ea6\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u826f\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5f26\u9577\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8a08\u7b97[\u7de8\u96c6]\u7403\u9762\u4e0a\u306e2\u70b9\u9593\u30923\u6b21\u5143\u7a7a\u9593\u4e0a\u3067\u7d50\u3076\u7dda\u5206\u306f\u5927\u5186\u306e\u5f26\u3068\u306a\u308b\u30022\u70b9\u9593\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u89d2\u306f\u3053\u306e\u5f26\u306e\u9577\u3055\u304b\u3089\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5927\u5186\u8ddd\u96e2\u306f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u89d2\u306b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5358\u4f4d\u7403\u9762\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5927\u5186\u5f26\u9577Ch{displaystyle C_{h},!}\u306f\u3001\u76f4\u4ea4\u5ea7\u6a19\u7cfb\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u0394X=cos\u2061\u03d52\u22c5cos\u2061\u03bb2\u2212cos\u2061\u03d51\u22c5cos\u2061\u03bb1;\u0394Y=cos\u2061\u03d52\u22c5sin\u2061\u03bb2\u2212cos\u2061\u03d51\u22c5sin\u2061\u03bb1;\u0394Z=sin\u2061\u03d52\u2212sin\u2061\u03d51;C=(\u0394X)2+(\u0394Y)2+(\u0394Z)2{displaystyle {begin{aligned}Delta {X}&=cos phi _{2}cdot cos lambda _{2}-cos phi _{1}cdot cos lambda _{1};\\Delta {Y}&=cos phi _{2}cdot sin lambda _{2}-cos phi _{1}cdot sin lambda _{1};\\Delta {Z}&=sin phi _{2}-sin phi _{1};\\C&={sqrt {(Delta {X})^{2}+(Delta {Y})^{2}+(Delta {Z})^{2}}}end{aligned}}}\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u89d2\u306f\u0394\u03c3=2arcsin\u2061C2.{displaystyle Delta sigma =2arcsin {frac {C}{2}}.}\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5927\u5186\u8ddd\u96e2\u306fd=r\u0394\u03c3.{displaystyle d=rDelta sigma .}\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u5f0f\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u89d2\u5ea6\u306f\u5f27\u5ea6\u3067\u8868\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 \u6d77\u91cc\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u306e\u969b\u306f\u5ea6\u6570\u6cd5\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5206\u304c\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u6d77\u91cc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\uff08\u5ea6\u3067\u8868\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306e60\u500d\uff09\u3002\u5730\u7403\u534a\u5f84[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5730\u7403\u306e\u5f62\u72b6\u306f\u6f70\u308c\u305f\u7403 (\u56de\u8ee2\u6955\u5186\u4f53) \u3068\u307f\u306a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6642\u8d64\u9053\u534a\u5f84 a{displaystyle a} \u306f6378.137 km\u3001\u6975\u534a\u5f84 b{displaystyle b}\u306f6356.752 km\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002 \u8d64\u9053\u4ed8\u8fd1\u306e\u77ed\u3044\u5357\u5317\u65b9\u5411\u306e\u7dda\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u534a\u5f84 b2\/a{displaystyle b^{2}\/a} (6335.439 km)\u3068\u3057\u305f\u969b\u304c\u6700\u3082\u826f\u3044\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u6975\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u534a\u5f84 a2\/b{displaystyle a^{2}\/b} (6399.594 km) \u304c\u6700\u3082\u826f\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5dee\u306f1%\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 \u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u5730\u7403\u3092\u7403\u4f53\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u8a08\u7b97\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u306e\u4efb\u610f\u306e2\u70b9\u9593\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b1\u3064\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aa4\u5dee\u306f 0.5% \u4ee5\u5185\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002 (\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5730\u57df\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3088\u308a\u8aa4\u5dee\u306e\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u5024\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002)\u3053\u306e\u5024\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5e73\u5747\u5730\u7403\u534a\u5f84\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3088\u304f[6]\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5024\u306fR1=13(2a+b)\u22486371km{displaystyle R_{1}={frac {1}{3}}(2a+b)approx 6371,mathrm {km} }(\u5024\u306fWGS84\u6e2c\u5730\u7cfb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u56de\u8ee2\u6955\u5186\u4f53\u8fd1\u4f3c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066)\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 \u6241\u5e73\u7387\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3053\u306e\u5024\u304c\u5e73\u5747\u81ea\u4e57\u8aa4\u5dee\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee[\u7de8\u96c6]^  Admiralty Manual of Navigation, Volume 1, The Stationery Office, (1987), p.\u00a010, ISBN\u00a09780117728806, http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=xcy4K5BPyg4C&pg=PA10\u00a0^ \u201cCalculate distance, bearing and more between Latitude\/Longitude points\u201d. 2013\u5e748\u670810\u65e5\u95b2\u89a7\u3002^ Sinnott, Roger W. (August 1984). \u201cVirtues of the Haversine\u201d. Sky and Telescope 68 (2):  159.\u00a0^ Vincenty, Thaddeus (1975-04-01). \u201cDirect and Inverse Solutions of Geodesics on the Ellipsoid with Application of Nested Equations\u201d (PDF). Survey Review (Kingston Road, Tolworth, Surrey: Directorate of Overseas Surveys) 23 (176):  88\u201393. doi:10.1179\/sre.1975.23.176.88. http:\/\/www.ngs.noaa.gov\/PUBS_LIB\/inverse.pdf 2008\u5e747\u670821\u65e5\u95b2\u89a7\u3002.\u00a0^ Gade, Kenneth (2010). \u201cA non-singular horizontal position representation\u201d (PDF). The Journal of Navigation (Cambridge University Press) 63 (3):  395\u2013417. doi:10.1017\/S0373463309990415. http:\/\/www.navlab.net\/Publications\/A_Nonsingular_Horizontal_Position_Representation.pdf.\u00a0^ McCaw, G. T. (1932). \u201cLong lines on the Earth\u201d. Empire Survey Review 1 (6):  259\u2013263. doi:10.1179\/sre.1932.1.6.259.\u00a0"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki29\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki29\/archives\/290368#breadcrumbitem","name":"\u5927\u5186\u8ddd\u96e2 – Wikipedia"}}]}]