[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki3\/archives\/7572#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki3\/archives\/7572","headline":"\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053 – Wikipedia","name":"\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053 – Wikipedia","description":"\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u306e\u6599\u91d1\u8868 \u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053(\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u3066\u3064\u3069\u3046\u3001Surrey Iron Railway)\u306f\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u3001\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u5dde[\u6ce8\u91c8 1]\u306e\u30ef\u30f3\u30ba\u30ef\u30fc\u30b9\u3068\u30af\u30ed\u30a4\u30c9\u30f3\u3092\u7d50\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u99ac\u8eca\u9244\u9053\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 \u958b\u696d\u306f1803\u5e74\u3067\u3001\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u591a\u6570\u306e\u5229\u7528\u8005\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3057\u305f\u516c\u5171\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u9244\u9053(public railway)\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u3067\u6700\u521d\u3067\u3042\u308b[1][2][3]\u3002\u307e\u305f\u305d\u306e\u904b\u55b6\u4f1a\u793e\u306f1801\u5e74\u306b\u8a2d\u7acb\u3092\u8a8d\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u521d\u306e\u9244\u9053\u4f1a\u793e\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b[4]\u3002 \u30ef\u30f3\u30c9\u30eb\u5ddd\u6cbf\u3044\u306e\u5de5\u5834(1973\u5e74\u64ae\u5f71) \u6728\u88fd\u306e\u8ecc\u9053\u306e\u4e0a\u306e\u8ca8\u8eca\u3092\u99ac\u304c\u727d\u5f15\u3059\u308b\u8ca8\u8eca\u8ecc\u9053\uff08\u30ef\u30b4\u30f3\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\uff09\u306f\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3067\u306f15\u4e16\u7d00\u307e\u3067\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u3001\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u3067\u3082\u9045\u304f\u3068\u308217\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u3081\u306b\u306f\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[5]\u300218\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u306f\u3001\u92f3\u9244\u88fd\u306e\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u3082\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f[6]\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u8ecc\u9053\u306f\u70ad\u9271\u3084\u904b\u6cb3\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5c02\u7528\u9244\u9053\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u70ad\u9271\u4f1a\u793e\u3084\u904b\u6cb3\u4f1a\u793e\u304c\u4fdd\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f[1][5]\u3002 \u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u306e\u897f\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u30c6\u30e0\u30ba\u5ddd\u652f\u6d41\u306e\u30ef\u30f3\u30c9\u30eb\u5ddd\u6cbf\u3044\u306f\u300118\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5de5\u5834\u306e\u7acb\u5730\u3059\u308b\u5de5\u696d\u5730\u5e2f\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30021799\u5e74\u3001\u5de5\u5834\u4e3b\u305f\u3061\u306f\u6280\u8853\u8005\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30fb\u30b8\u30a7\u30bd\u30c3\u30d7\u306b\u4ea4\u901a\u624b\u6bb5\u306e\u6539\u826f\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u3092\u4f9d\u983c\u3057\u3001\u30b8\u30a7\u30bd\u30c3\u30d7\u306f\u9244\u9053\u306e\u5efa\u8a2d\u304c\u671b\u307e\u3057\u3044\u3068\u5831\u544a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u904b\u6cb3\u3092\u5efa\u8a2d\u3059\u308b\u6848\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30b8\u30a7\u30bd\u30c3\u30d7\u306f\u9244\u9053\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u5efa\u8a2d\u8cbb\u304c\u5b89\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3001\u904b\u6cb3\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30ef\u30f3\u30c7\u30eb\u5ddd\u304b\u3089\u53d6\u6c34\u3059\u308b\u3068\u5ddd\u306e\u6c34\u91cf\u304c\u6e1b\u3063\u3066\u6c34\u529b\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5de5\u5834\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u9244\u9053\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3060\u3002\u30b8\u30a7\u30bd\u30c3\u30d7\u306f\u5317\u6771\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u70ad\u9271\u3067\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u9244\u9053\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f[2]\u3002 \u9244\u9053\u4f1a\u793e\u306e\u8a2d\u7acb[\u7de8\u96c6] \u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u3067\u306f1720\u5e74\u306e\u5357\u6d77\u6ce1\u6cab\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u306f\u539f\u5247\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u904b\u6cb3\u306a\u3069\u306e\u516c\u5171\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u8b70\u4f1a\u3067\u500b\u5225\u306b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3092\u8a2d\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u8a2d\u7acb\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u4f1a\u793e\u3082\u3053\u306e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305f[7]\u3002 \u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6cd5\u6848\u306f\u5eb6\u6c11\u9662\u3001\u8cb4\u65cf\u9662\u3092\u901a\u904e\u3057\u305f\u5f8c1801\u5e745\u670821\u65e5\u306b\u56fd\u738b\u88c1\u53ef\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u305f[4]\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u4e16\u754c\u521d\u306e\u516c\u5171\u9244\u9053(public railway)\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u4f1a\u793e\u304c\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u3001\u7dda\u8def\u5efa\u8a2d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u3084\u904b\u8cc3\u306e\u5fb4\u53ce\u3082\u8a31\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u305f[7]\u3002\u4f1a\u793e\u8a2d\u7acb\u6642\u306e\u682a\u4e3b\u306f82\u4eba\u3067\u3001\u8cc7\u672c\u91d1\u306f35000\u30dd\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f[8]\u3002 \u306a\u304a\u3001\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u3067\u306f1801\u5e74\u304b\u30891821\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306e\u9593\u306b\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u8b70\u4f1a\u3067\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u516c\u5171\u9244\u9053\u4f1a\u793e\u304c19\u793e\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3046\u306114\u793e\u304c\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u8def\u7dda\u3092\u958b\u696d\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b[1]\u3002 \u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30e9\u30ae \u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u306f\u30ef\u30f3\u30c9\u30eb\u5ddd\u3068\u30c6\u30e0\u30ba\u5ddd\u306e\u5408\u6d41\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30ef\u30f3\u30ba\u30ef\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u3042\u308b\u6cb3\u6e2f\u3092\u8d77\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u307b\u307c\u30ef\u30f3\u30c9\u30eb\u5ddd\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u3066\u5357\u4e0b\u3057\u3001\u30df\u30c3\u30c1\u30e3\u30e0\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u3067\u5357\u6771\u306b\u5411\u304d\u3092\u8ee2\u3058\u3001\u30af\u30ed\u30a4\u30c9\u30f3\u3092\u7d42\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5ef6\u9577\u306f\u7d048.5\u30de\u30a4\u30eb\u3067\u3001\u5168\u7dda\u304c\u8907\u7dda\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30df\u30c3\u30c1\u30e3\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u30cf\u30c3\u30af\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30b8\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u307e\u3067\u306e\u652f\u7dda\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3001\u4ed6\u306b\u3082\u6cbf\u7dda\u306e\u5de5\u5834\u306a\u3069\u3078\u306e\u5c02\u7528\u306e\u5f15\u8fbc\u7dda\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305f[9]\u3002 \u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u92f3\u9244\u88fd\u3067\u3001\u65ad\u9762\u306fL\u5b57\u578b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u5185\u5074\u306b\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8eca\u8f2a\u306e\u306b\u306f\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u306e\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5f53\u6642\u30d9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30df\u30f3\u30fb\u30e6\u30fc\u30c8\u30e9\u30e0\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u304c\u666e\u53ca\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u305f\u65b9\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30b8\u30e7\u30bb\u30c3\u30d7\u81ea\u8eab\u306f\u3001\u8eca\u8f2a\u5074\u306b\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u306e\u3042\u308b\u68d2\u72b6\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f[10][11]\u3002\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u9577\u3055\u306f\u7d043\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c8\u3001\u5e45\u306f4\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\u3067\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u306e\u9ad8\u3055\u306f\u7d043\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u306e\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u306e1\u672c\u304c\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u306e\u30b5\u30a4\u30a8\u30f3\u30b9\u30fb\u30df\u30e5\u30fc\u30b8\u30a2\u30e0\u306b\u4fdd\u5b58\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u77f3\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30e9\u30ae\u3067\u652f\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f[12]\u3002 \u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u5185\u5074\u306e\u9593\u9694\uff08\u8ecc\u9593[\u6ce8\u91c8 2]\uff09\u306f4\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c82\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\u3068\u3059\u308b\u8aac[13]\u30684\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c8\u3068\u3059\u308b\u8aac[1][3]\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\u30011967\u5e74\u306b\u767a\u898b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u907a\u69cb\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u306e\u5185\u5074\u306e\u9593\u9694\u306f4\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c82\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f[12]\u3002\u306a\u304a4\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c82\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30c8\u30e9\u30e0\u304cL\u578b\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u99ac\u8eca\u9244\u9053\u3067\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u305f\u8ecc\u9593\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u30b8\u30e7\u30bb\u30c3\u30d7\u306f\u4ee5\u524d\u306f4\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c84.5\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\u8ecc\u9593\u306e\u68d2\u72b6\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f[14]\u3002","datePublished":"2019-10-30","dateModified":"2019-10-30","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki3\/archives\/author\/lordneo#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki3\/archives\/author\/lordneo","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0c\/Surrey_Iron_Railway_poster.jpg\/300px-Surrey_Iron_Railway_poster.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0c\/Surrey_Iron_Railway_poster.jpg\/300px-Surrey_Iron_Railway_poster.jpg","height":"373","width":"300"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki3\/archives\/7572","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":1873,"articleBody":"  \u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u306e\u6599\u91d1\u8868\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053(\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u3066\u3064\u3069\u3046\u3001Surrey Iron Railway)\u306f\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u3001\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u5dde[\u6ce8\u91c8 1]\u306e\u30ef\u30f3\u30ba\u30ef\u30fc\u30b9\u3068\u30af\u30ed\u30a4\u30c9\u30f3\u3092\u7d50\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u99ac\u8eca\u9244\u9053\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u958b\u696d\u306f1803\u5e74\u3067\u3001\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u591a\u6570\u306e\u5229\u7528\u8005\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3057\u305f\u516c\u5171\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u9244\u9053(public railway)\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u3067\u6700\u521d\u3067\u3042\u308b[1][2][3]\u3002\u307e\u305f\u305d\u306e\u904b\u55b6\u4f1a\u793e\u306f1801\u5e74\u306b\u8a2d\u7acb\u3092\u8a8d\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u521d\u306e\u9244\u9053\u4f1a\u793e\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b[4]\u3002  \u30ef\u30f3\u30c9\u30eb\u5ddd\u6cbf\u3044\u306e\u5de5\u5834(1973\u5e74\u64ae\u5f71)\u6728\u88fd\u306e\u8ecc\u9053\u306e\u4e0a\u306e\u8ca8\u8eca\u3092\u99ac\u304c\u727d\u5f15\u3059\u308b\u8ca8\u8eca\u8ecc\u9053\uff08\u30ef\u30b4\u30f3\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\uff09\u306f\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3067\u306f15\u4e16\u7d00\u307e\u3067\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u3001\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u3067\u3082\u9045\u304f\u3068\u308217\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u3081\u306b\u306f\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[5]\u300218\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u306f\u3001\u92f3\u9244\u88fd\u306e\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u3082\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f[6]\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u8ecc\u9053\u306f\u70ad\u9271\u3084\u904b\u6cb3\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5c02\u7528\u9244\u9053\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u70ad\u9271\u4f1a\u793e\u3084\u904b\u6cb3\u4f1a\u793e\u304c\u4fdd\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f[1][5]\u3002\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u306e\u897f\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u30c6\u30e0\u30ba\u5ddd\u652f\u6d41\u306e\u30ef\u30f3\u30c9\u30eb\u5ddd\u6cbf\u3044\u306f\u300118\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5de5\u5834\u306e\u7acb\u5730\u3059\u308b\u5de5\u696d\u5730\u5e2f\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30021799\u5e74\u3001\u5de5\u5834\u4e3b\u305f\u3061\u306f\u6280\u8853\u8005\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30fb\u30b8\u30a7\u30bd\u30c3\u30d7\u306b\u4ea4\u901a\u624b\u6bb5\u306e\u6539\u826f\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u3092\u4f9d\u983c\u3057\u3001\u30b8\u30a7\u30bd\u30c3\u30d7\u306f\u9244\u9053\u306e\u5efa\u8a2d\u304c\u671b\u307e\u3057\u3044\u3068\u5831\u544a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u904b\u6cb3\u3092\u5efa\u8a2d\u3059\u308b\u6848\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30b8\u30a7\u30bd\u30c3\u30d7\u306f\u9244\u9053\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u5efa\u8a2d\u8cbb\u304c\u5b89\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3001\u904b\u6cb3\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30ef\u30f3\u30c7\u30eb\u5ddd\u304b\u3089\u53d6\u6c34\u3059\u308b\u3068\u5ddd\u306e\u6c34\u91cf\u304c\u6e1b\u3063\u3066\u6c34\u529b\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5de5\u5834\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u9244\u9053\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3060\u3002\u30b8\u30a7\u30bd\u30c3\u30d7\u306f\u5317\u6771\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u70ad\u9271\u3067\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u9244\u9053\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f[2]\u3002\u9244\u9053\u4f1a\u793e\u306e\u8a2d\u7acb[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u3067\u306f1720\u5e74\u306e\u5357\u6d77\u6ce1\u6cab\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u306f\u539f\u5247\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u904b\u6cb3\u306a\u3069\u306e\u516c\u5171\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u8b70\u4f1a\u3067\u500b\u5225\u306b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3092\u8a2d\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u8a2d\u7acb\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u4f1a\u793e\u3082\u3053\u306e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305f[7]\u3002\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6cd5\u6848\u306f\u5eb6\u6c11\u9662\u3001\u8cb4\u65cf\u9662\u3092\u901a\u904e\u3057\u305f\u5f8c1801\u5e745\u670821\u65e5\u306b\u56fd\u738b\u88c1\u53ef\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u305f[4]\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u4e16\u754c\u521d\u306e\u516c\u5171\u9244\u9053(public railway)\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u4f1a\u793e\u304c\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u3001\u7dda\u8def\u5efa\u8a2d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u3084\u904b\u8cc3\u306e\u5fb4\u53ce\u3082\u8a31\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u305f[7]\u3002\u4f1a\u793e\u8a2d\u7acb\u6642\u306e\u682a\u4e3b\u306f82\u4eba\u3067\u3001\u8cc7\u672c\u91d1\u306f35000\u30dd\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f[8]\u3002\u306a\u304a\u3001\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u3067\u306f1801\u5e74\u304b\u30891821\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306e\u9593\u306b\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u8b70\u4f1a\u3067\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u516c\u5171\u9244\u9053\u4f1a\u793e\u304c19\u793e\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3046\u306114\u793e\u304c\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u8def\u7dda\u3092\u958b\u696d\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b[1]\u3002  \u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30e9\u30ae\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u306f\u30ef\u30f3\u30c9\u30eb\u5ddd\u3068\u30c6\u30e0\u30ba\u5ddd\u306e\u5408\u6d41\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30ef\u30f3\u30ba\u30ef\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u3042\u308b\u6cb3\u6e2f\u3092\u8d77\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u307b\u307c\u30ef\u30f3\u30c9\u30eb\u5ddd\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u3066\u5357\u4e0b\u3057\u3001\u30df\u30c3\u30c1\u30e3\u30e0\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u3067\u5357\u6771\u306b\u5411\u304d\u3092\u8ee2\u3058\u3001\u30af\u30ed\u30a4\u30c9\u30f3\u3092\u7d42\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5ef6\u9577\u306f\u7d048.5\u30de\u30a4\u30eb\u3067\u3001\u5168\u7dda\u304c\u8907\u7dda\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30df\u30c3\u30c1\u30e3\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u30cf\u30c3\u30af\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30b8\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u307e\u3067\u306e\u652f\u7dda\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3001\u4ed6\u306b\u3082\u6cbf\u7dda\u306e\u5de5\u5834\u306a\u3069\u3078\u306e\u5c02\u7528\u306e\u5f15\u8fbc\u7dda\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305f[9]\u3002\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u92f3\u9244\u88fd\u3067\u3001\u65ad\u9762\u306fL\u5b57\u578b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u5185\u5074\u306b\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8eca\u8f2a\u306e\u306b\u306f\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u306e\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5f53\u6642\u30d9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30df\u30f3\u30fb\u30e6\u30fc\u30c8\u30e9\u30e0\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u304c\u666e\u53ca\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u305f\u65b9\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30b8\u30e7\u30bb\u30c3\u30d7\u81ea\u8eab\u306f\u3001\u8eca\u8f2a\u5074\u306b\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u306e\u3042\u308b\u68d2\u72b6\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f[10][11]\u3002\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u9577\u3055\u306f\u7d043\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c8\u3001\u5e45\u306f4\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\u3067\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u306e\u9ad8\u3055\u306f\u7d043\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u306e\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u306e1\u672c\u304c\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u306e\u30b5\u30a4\u30a8\u30f3\u30b9\u30fb\u30df\u30e5\u30fc\u30b8\u30a2\u30e0\u306b\u4fdd\u5b58\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u77f3\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30e9\u30ae\u3067\u652f\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f[12]\u3002\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u5185\u5074\u306e\u9593\u9694\uff08\u8ecc\u9593[\u6ce8\u91c8 2]\uff09\u306f4\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c82\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\u3068\u3059\u308b\u8aac[13]\u30684\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c8\u3068\u3059\u308b\u8aac[1][3]\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\u30011967\u5e74\u306b\u767a\u898b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u907a\u69cb\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u306e\u5185\u5074\u306e\u9593\u9694\u306f4\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c82\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f[12]\u3002\u306a\u304a4\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c82\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30c8\u30e9\u30e0\u304cL\u578b\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u99ac\u8eca\u9244\u9053\u3067\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u305f\u8ecc\u9593\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u30b8\u30e7\u30bb\u30c3\u30d7\u306f\u4ee5\u524d\u306f4\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c84.5\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\u8ecc\u9593\u306e\u68d2\u72b6\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f[14]\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u306f\u99ac1\u982d\u304c4\u4e21\u306e\u8ca8\u8eca\u3092\u727d\u5f15\u3057\u3001\u6642\u901f3\u30de\u30a4\u30eb\u5f31\u3067\u8d70\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305f[13]\u3002\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u304c\u6b63\u5f0f\u306b\u958b\u696d\u3057\u305f\u306e\u306f1803\u5e747\u670826\u65e5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u65e5\u3001\u7d4c\u55b6\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306e\u4e57\u8eca\u3057\u305f\u8a18\u5ff5\u5217\u8eca\u304c\u30ef\u30f3\u30ba\u30ef\u30fc\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u30af\u30ed\u30a4\u30c9\u30f3\u307e\u3067\u904b\u8ee2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u6b63\u5f0f\u958b\u696d\u4ee5\u524d\u306e1802\u5e747\u6708\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f9\u6708\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u3001\u3059\u3067\u306b\u9244\u9053\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u304c\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4f3a\u308f\u305b\u308b\u8a18\u4e8b\u3082\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b[8]\u3002\u30ef\u30f3\u30ba\u30ef\u30fc\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u30af\u30ed\u30a4\u30c9\u30f3\u3078\u306f\u77f3\u70ad\u3084\u80a5\u6599\u304c\u3001\u9006\u65b9\u5411\u3067\u306f\u6cbf\u7dda\u5de5\u5834\u306e\u88fd\u54c1\u3084\u8fb2\u7523\u7269\u3001\u77f3\u7070\u304c\u4e3b\u306b\u904b\u3070\u308c\u305f\u3002\u306a\u304a\u65c5\u5ba2\u8f38\u9001\u306f\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305a\u3001\u8ca8\u7269\u5c02\u7528\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f[13]\u3002\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u306e\u958b\u696d\u306f\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u306e\u6ce8\u76ee\u3092\u96c6\u3081\u305f[3]\u3002\u516c\u5171\u9244\u9053\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30a2\u306f\u753b\u671f\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3068\u53d7\u3051\u6b62\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3001\u30b0\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u30d6\u30ea\u30c6\u30f3\u5168\u571f\u3092\u8986\u3046\u9244\u9053\u7db2\u3084\u84b8\u6c17\u6a5f\u95a2\u8eca\u306e\u5b9f\u7528\u5316\u3092\u60f3\u50cf\u3059\u308b\u8005\u3082\u3044\u305f\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u9244\u9053\u7528\u306e\u8ca8\u8eca\u306f\u91cd\u3059\u304e\u8ca8\u7269\u3092\u52b9\u7387\u826f\u304f\u7a4d\u3081\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3001\u9244\u9053\u3068\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u306e\u99ac\u8eca\u306e\u9593\u3067\u8ca8\u7269\u306e\u7a4d\u307f\u63db\u3048\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u3053\u3068\u306a\u3069\u304c\u6279\u5224\u3055\u308c\u305f[15]\u3002\u904b\u8cc3\u3068\u4f1a\u793e\u7d4c\u55b6[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u4f1a\u793e\u306f\u7dda\u8def\u3092\u4fdd\u6709\u3059\u308b\u306e\u307f\u3067\u3001\u8f38\u9001\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u8ca8\u8eca\u3084\u99ac\u306f\u5229\u7528\u8005\u304c\u7528\u610f\u3057\u305f\u30021990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5206\u96e2\u65b9\u5f0f\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u904b\u6cb3\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u306a\u3089\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b[16]\u30021825\u5e74\u306e\u30b9\u30c8\u30c3\u30af\u30c8\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30c0\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3\u9244\u9053\u4ee5\u964d\u306f\u9244\u9053\u4f1a\u793e\u304c\u8eca\u4e21\u3092\u6301\u3064\u65b9\u5f0f\u304c\u4e3b\u6d41\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f[17]\u3002\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u306e\u904b\u8cc3\uff08\u7dda\u8def\u4f7f\u7528\u6599\uff09\u306f\u8ca8\u7269\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u3068\u91cf\u3001\u8ddd\u96e2\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5b9a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002\u904b\u8cc3\u306f\u4f4e\u304f\u6291\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u7d4c\u55b6\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306e\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u591a\u304f\u304c\u6cbf\u7dda\u306e\u5de5\u5834\u4e3b\u3060\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u904b\u8cc3\u53ce\u5165\u3067\u4f1a\u793e\u304c\u5229\u76ca\u3092\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5de5\u5834\u304c\u5b89\u4fa1\u306a\u8f38\u9001\u624b\u6bb5\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u65b9\u3092\u597d\u3093\u3060\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4f1a\u793e\u306e\u914d\u5f53\u306f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3067\u5b9a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u4e0a\u9650\u3092\u5927\u304d\u304f\u4e0b\u56de\u3063\u305f[13]\u3002\u30af\u30ed\u30a4\u30c9\u30f3\u30fb\u30e1\u30eb\u30b7\u30e3\u30e0\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30b4\u30c3\u30c9\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\u9244\u9053[\u7de8\u96c6]  \u30af\u30ed\u30a4\u30c9\u30f3\u30fb\u30e1\u30eb\u30b7\u30e3\u30e0\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30b4\u30c3\u30c9\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\u9244\u9053\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30fb\u30b8\u30a7\u30bd\u30c3\u30d7\u306f1800\u5e74\u306e\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u3067\u3001\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u3092\u66f4\u306b\u5357\u306b\u5ef6\u9577\u3057\u30b5\u30bb\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u6d77\u5cb8\u306b\u307e\u3067\u5230\u9054\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u63d0\u6848\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30021803\u5e745\u670817\u65e5\u306b\u306f\u30af\u30ed\u30a4\u30c9\u30f3\u30fb\u30e1\u30eb\u30b7\u30e3\u30e0\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30b4\u30c3\u30c9\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\u9244\u9053\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u3068\u306f\u5225\u4f1a\u793e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u767a\u8db3\u3057\u305f[18]\u3002\u30af\u30ed\u30a4\u30c9\u30f3 – \u30e1\u30eb\u30b7\u30e3\u30e0\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u9593\u306f\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f1805\u5e747\u670824\u65e5\u306b\u958b\u696d\u3057\u305f[19]\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u30b4\u30c3\u30c9\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u307e\u3067\u306e\u533a\u9593\u306f\u672a\u6210\u306b\u7d42\u308f\u3063\u305f\u30021830\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u534a\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u5468\u8fba\u306b\u3082\u84b8\u6c17\u6a5f\u95a2\u8eca\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305f\u9244\u9053\u7db2\u304c\u6025\u901f\u306b\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u3001\u99ac\u8eca\u9244\u9053\u306f\u6642\u4ee3\u9045\u308c\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u30021837\u5e74\u3001\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8\u30f3\u9244\u9053\u4f1a\u793e\u304c\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u540c\u793e\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u306e\u5efa\u8a2d\u306b\u306f\u30af\u30ed\u30a4\u30c9\u30f3\u30fb\u30e1\u30eb\u30b7\u30e3\u30e0\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30b4\u30c3\u30c9\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\u9244\u9053\u306e\u7528\u5730\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u571f\u5730\u306f\u3054\u304f\u4e00\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u4f1a\u793e\u8a2d\u7acb\u6642\u306e\u7279\u5225\u6cd5\u3067\u306f\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8\u30f3\u9244\u9053\u306f\u30af\u30ed\u30a4\u30c9\u30f3\u30fb\u30e1\u30eb\u30b7\u30e3\u30e0\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30b4\u30c3\u30c9\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\u9244\u9053\u306e\u8a2d\u5099\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u53d6\u3089\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u30011838\u5e74\u306b\u8cb7\u53ce\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u30011839\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u30af\u30ed\u30a4\u30c9\u30f3\u30fb\u30e1\u30eb\u30b7\u30e3\u30e0\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30b4\u30c3\u30c9\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\u9244\u9053\u4f1a\u793e\u306e\u89e3\u6563\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u305f[20]\u30021845\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u9244\u9053\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u4f1a\u793e\u304c\u81ea\u793e\u8def\u7dda\u306e\u5efa\u8a2d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u3092\u8cb7\u53ce\u3059\u308b\u6cd5\u6848\u304c\u63d0\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5730\u5143\u306e\u5de5\u5834\u4e3b\u304b\u3089\u306e\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u8acb\u9858\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u5ec3\u6848\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u30021846\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8\u30f3\u9244\u9053\u304c\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u306e\u8cb7\u53ce\u3092\u8a66\u307f\u305f\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6cd5\u6848\u3082\u5730\u5143\u696d\u8005\u3068\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30b5\u30a6\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u9244\u9053\u306e\u53cd\u5bfe\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6210\u7acb\u306b\u306f\u81f3\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f[12]\u3002\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u306f1846\u5e748\u670831\u65e5\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u5217\u8eca\u306e\u904b\u884c\u3092\u7d42\u4e86\u3057\u3001\u4f1a\u793e\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u30821848\u5e7411\u6708\u306b\u89e3\u6563\u3057\u305f[12]\u30021855\u5e74\u306b\u958b\u696d\u3057\u305f\u30af\u30ed\u30a4\u30c9\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u30d6\u30eb\u30c9\u30f3\u9244\u9053\u306f\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053\u306e\u8de1\u5730\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u306f1997\u5e74\u306b\u4e00\u65e6\u5ec3\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u305f\u304c\u30012000\u5e74\u306b\u30c8\u30e9\u30e0\u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u518d\u958b\u696d\u3057\u305f[12]\u3002\u6ce8\u91c8[\u7de8\u96c6]^ \u9244\u9053\u306e\u3042\u3063\u305f\u5834\u6240\u306f\u73fe\u4ee3\u3067\u306f\u30b0\u30ec\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u30fb\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u306b\u7de8\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002^ L\u578b\u30ec\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u9244\u9053\u306e\u8ecc\u9593\u3068\u306f\u3084\u3084\u610f\u5473\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002\u51fa\u5178[\u7de8\u96c6]^ a b c d \u9752\u6728 2008, p.\u00a019^ a b \u6e6f\u6ca2 2014, pp.\u00a031\u201332^ a b c Puffert 2009, p.\u00a046^ a b Mcgow 2001, Chapter 2^ a b \u6e6f\u6ca2 2014, pp.\u00a022\u201323^ \u6e6f\u6ca2 2014, pp.\u00a024\u201325^ a b \u6e6f\u6ca2 2014, pp.\u00a032\u201333^ a b Mcgow 2001, Chapter 3^ Mcgow 2001, Chapter 12^ Mcgow 2001, Chapter 11^ \u6e6f\u6ca2 2014, p.\u00a026^ a b c d e Mcgow 2001, Chapter 10^ a b c d \u6e6f\u6ca2 2014, pp.\u00a033\u201334^ Puffert 2009, pp.\u00a045\u201346^ Mcgow 2001, Chapter 7^ \u6e6f\u6ca2 2014, pp.\u00a035\u201336^ \u9752\u6728 2008, pp.\u00a019\u201320^ Mcgow 2001, Chapter 4^ Mcgow 2001, Chapter 5^ Mcgow 2001, Chapter 9\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[\u7de8\u96c6]\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5916\u90e8\u30ea\u30f3\u30af[\u7de8\u96c6]"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki3\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki3\/archives\/7572#breadcrumbitem","name":"\u30b5\u30ea\u30fc\u9244\u9053 – Wikipedia"}}]}]