[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki6\/archives\/4082#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki6\/archives\/4082","headline":"\u30c8\u30fc\u30de\u30b9\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30c1 (\u753b\u5bb6) – Wikipedia","name":"\u30c8\u30fc\u30de\u30b9\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30c1 (\u753b\u5bb6) – Wikipedia","description":"\u30c8\u30fc\u30de\u30b9\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30c1\uff08Thomas Birch\u30011779\u5e74 \u2013 1851\u5e741\u67083\u65e5\uff09\u306f\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u751f\u307e\u308c\u306e\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u5408\u8846\u56fd\u306e\u753b\u5bb6\u3067\u3001\u7279\u306b\u6d77\u6d0b\u753b\u3092\u591a\u304f\u63cf\u3044\u305f\u3002 \u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u306b\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u3002\u7236\u89aa\u306e\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30c1\u306f\u30a6\u30a9\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u51fa\u8eab\u3067\u98a8\u666f\u753b\u3084\u30df\u30cb\u30a2\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u5f97\u610f\u3068\u3059\u308b\u753b\u5bb6\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30021794\u5e74\u306b\u7236\u89aa\u3068\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306b\u79fb\u4f4f\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7236\u89aa\u304c\u63cf\u3044\u305f29\u70b9\u306e\u7248\u753b\u3092\u96c6\u3081\u30661800\u5e74\u306b\u51fa\u7248\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7248\u753b\u96c6\u3001\u300c\u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u98a8\u666f(Birch’s Views of Philadelphia)\u300d\u306e\u5236\u4f5c\u3092\u624b\u4f1d\u3063\u305f[1]\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7248\u753b\u96c6\u306f\u58f2\u308c\u884c\u304d\u304c\u3088\u304f\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u3001\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u30ba\u3084\u526f\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u306e\u30c8\u30fc\u30de\u30b9\u30fb\u30b8\u30a7\u30d5\u30a1\u30fc\u30bd\u30f3\u3082\u8cfc\u5165\u8005\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f[2]\u3002\u3053\u306e\u597d\u8a55\u306b\u7d9a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af\u5e02\u306e\u98a8\u666f\u306e\u7248\u753b\u96c6\u3084\u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u90ca\u5916\u3084\u30dc\u30eb\u30c1\u30e2\u30a2\u306e\u90b8\u5b85\u3092\u63cf\u3044\u305f\u7248\u753b\u96c6\u304c\u51fa\u7248\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002 \u30c8\u30fc\u30de\u30b9\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30c1\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u4f5c\u54c1\u3082\u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u98a8\u666f\u3092\u63cf\u3044\u305f\u3082\u306e\u30671804\u5e74\u306b\u7248\u753b\u306b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u51fa\u7248\u3055\u308c\u305f[3]\u30021807\u5e74\u9803\u307e\u3067\u306f\u8096\u50cf\u753b\u3082\u63cf\u3044\u305f\u304c\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u753b\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u59cb\u3081\u3001\u30c8\u30fc\u30de\u30b9\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30c1\u306e\u6709\u540d\u306a\u4f5c\u54c1\u306e\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306f1812\u5e74\u306e\u7c73\u82f1\u6226\u4e89\u3067\u306e\u6d77\u6226\u3092\u63cf\u3044\u305f\u4f5c\u54c1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002[4] \u307e\u305f\u5efa\u7bc9\u4e2d\u306e\u56fd\u4f1a\u8b70\u4e8b\u5802\u306e\u59ff\u3092\u63cf\u3044\u305f\u4f5c\u54c1\u306a\u3069\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u4f5c\u54c1\u3092\u6b8b\u3057\u305f\u3002 1811\u5e74\u304b\u308940\u5e74\u9593\u3001\u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u30da\u30f3\u30b7\u30eb\u30d9\u30cb\u30a2\u7f8e\u8853\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30fc\u306e\u5c55\u89a7\u4f1a\u306b\u6bce\u5e74\u51fa\u5c55\u3057\u30011812\u5e74\u304b\u30891817\u5e74\u306e\u9593\u3001\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u3092\u7ba1\u7406\u3057\u305f[5]\u30021833\u5e74\u306b\u30ca\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30fc\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30fb\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u540d\u8a89\u4f1a\u54e1\u306b\u9078\u3070\u308c\u305f\u3002\u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u3067\u6b7b\u53bb\u3057\u305f\u3002 1812\u5e7410\u6708\u306e\u8ecd\u8266 United States \u3068\u3000Macedonian\u306e\u6d77\u6226 (1813) \u6c88\u6ca1\u3057\u305f\u8ecd\u8266\u306e\u6551\u96e3 \u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u51ac\u306e\u98a8\u666f \u30bb\u30c3\u30b8\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30d1\u30fc\u30af(\u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2)(1819) 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Birch\u30011779\u5e74 \u2013 1851\u5e741\u67083\u65e5\uff09\u306f\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u751f\u307e\u308c\u306e\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u5408\u8846\u56fd\u306e\u753b\u5bb6\u3067\u3001\u7279\u306b\u6d77\u6d0b\u753b\u3092\u591a\u304f\u63cf\u3044\u305f\u3002  \u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u306b\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u3002\u7236\u89aa\u306e\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30c1\u306f\u30a6\u30a9\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u51fa\u8eab\u3067\u98a8\u666f\u753b\u3084\u30df\u30cb\u30a2\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u5f97\u610f\u3068\u3059\u308b\u753b\u5bb6\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30021794\u5e74\u306b\u7236\u89aa\u3068\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306b\u79fb\u4f4f\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7236\u89aa\u304c\u63cf\u3044\u305f29\u70b9\u306e\u7248\u753b\u3092\u96c6\u3081\u30661800\u5e74\u306b\u51fa\u7248\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7248\u753b\u96c6\u3001\u300c\u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u98a8\u666f(Birch’s Views of Philadelphia)\u300d\u306e\u5236\u4f5c\u3092\u624b\u4f1d\u3063\u305f[1]\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7248\u753b\u96c6\u306f\u58f2\u308c\u884c\u304d\u304c\u3088\u304f\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u3001\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u30ba\u3084\u526f\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u306e\u30c8\u30fc\u30de\u30b9\u30fb\u30b8\u30a7\u30d5\u30a1\u30fc\u30bd\u30f3\u3082\u8cfc\u5165\u8005\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f[2]\u3002\u3053\u306e\u597d\u8a55\u306b\u7d9a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30e8\u30fc\u30af\u5e02\u306e\u98a8\u666f\u306e\u7248\u753b\u96c6\u3084\u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u90ca\u5916\u3084\u30dc\u30eb\u30c1\u30e2\u30a2\u306e\u90b8\u5b85\u3092\u63cf\u3044\u305f\u7248\u753b\u96c6\u304c\u51fa\u7248\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u30c8\u30fc\u30de\u30b9\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30c1\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u4f5c\u54c1\u3082\u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u98a8\u666f\u3092\u63cf\u3044\u305f\u3082\u306e\u30671804\u5e74\u306b\u7248\u753b\u306b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u51fa\u7248\u3055\u308c\u305f[3]\u30021807\u5e74\u9803\u307e\u3067\u306f\u8096\u50cf\u753b\u3082\u63cf\u3044\u305f\u304c\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u753b\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u59cb\u3081\u3001\u30c8\u30fc\u30de\u30b9\u30fb\u30d0\u30fc\u30c1\u306e\u6709\u540d\u306a\u4f5c\u54c1\u306e\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306f1812\u5e74\u306e\u7c73\u82f1\u6226\u4e89\u3067\u306e\u6d77\u6226\u3092\u63cf\u3044\u305f\u4f5c\u54c1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002[4]\u307e\u305f\u5efa\u7bc9\u4e2d\u306e\u56fd\u4f1a\u8b70\u4e8b\u5802\u306e\u59ff\u3092\u63cf\u3044\u305f\u4f5c\u54c1\u306a\u3069\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u4f5c\u54c1\u3092\u6b8b\u3057\u305f\u30021811\u5e74\u304b\u308940\u5e74\u9593\u3001\u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u30da\u30f3\u30b7\u30eb\u30d9\u30cb\u30a2\u7f8e\u8853\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30fc\u306e\u5c55\u89a7\u4f1a\u306b\u6bce\u5e74\u51fa\u5c55\u3057\u30011812\u5e74\u304b\u30891817\u5e74\u306e\u9593\u3001\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u3092\u7ba1\u7406\u3057\u305f[5]\u30021833\u5e74\u306b\u30ca\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30fc\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30fb\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u540d\u8a89\u4f1a\u54e1\u306b\u9078\u3070\u308c\u305f\u3002\u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u3067\u6b7b\u53bb\u3057\u305f\u3002  1812\u5e7410\u6708\u306e\u8ecd\u8266 United States \u3068\u3000Macedonian\u306e\u6d77\u6226 (1813)\u6c88\u6ca1\u3057\u305f\u8ecd\u8266\u306e\u6551\u96e3\u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u306e\u51ac\u306e\u98a8\u666f\u30bb\u30c3\u30b8\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30d1\u30fc\u30af(\u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2)(1819)^ Birch’s Views from ushistory.org.^ William Birch, The City of Philadelphia in the State of Pennsylvania as It Appeared in the Year 1800, (1799), endpiece.^ Munsing, Philadelphia: Three Centuries, p. 229.^ Universal Cyclop\u00e6dia & Atlas, 1902, New York, D. Appleton & Co.^ Gerdts, Philadelphia Maritime Museum, pp. 12\u201313.\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[\u7de8\u96c6]Marian Carson, “Thomas Birch”, Catalogue of the 150th Anniversary Exhibition of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, (PAFA, 1955), p.\u00a034.Doris Jear Creer, Thomas Birch: A Study of the Condition of Painting and the Artist’s Position in Federal America, M.A. thesis, University of Delaware, 1958.William H. Gerdts, Thomas Birch (1779\u20131851), Paintings and Drawings, exhibition catalogue, Philadelphia Maritime Museum, 1966.Richard Anthony Lewis, “Interesting Particulars and Melancholy Occurrences: Thomas Birch’s Representations of the Shipping Trade, 1799\u20131850”, 3 vols., Ph.D. dissertation, Northwestern University, 1994.Tony Lewis, “Sleigh Ride on a Grey Day, 1832”, “American Paintings”, (Schwarz Galleries, 2003), pp.\u00a036\u201338.Stefanie A. Munsing, “Thomas Birch (1779\u20131851)”, Philadelphia: Three Centuries of American Art, (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1976), pp.\u00a0229\u201330.Michael W. Schantz, Celebrating Philadelphia’s Artistic Legacy, (Woodmere Art Museum, 2000), pp.\u00a023\u201324.Martin P. Snyder, “William Birch: His Philadelphia Views”, Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 73 (1949), pp.\u00a0271\u2013315.S. Robert Teitelman, Birch’s Views of Philadelphia, with Photographs of the Sites in 1960 & 1982, (Free Library of Philadelphia, 1982, reprinted University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983).  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