[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki6\/archives\/8462#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki6\/archives\/8462","headline":"\u8328\u57ce\u770c\u9053186\u53f7\u8352\u4e95\u884c\u65b9\u7dda – Wikipedia","name":"\u8328\u57ce\u770c\u9053186\u53f7\u8352\u4e95\u884c\u65b9\u7dda – Wikipedia","description":"\u8328\u57ce\u770c\u9053186\u53f7\u8352\u4e95\u884c\u65b9\u7dda\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u6d25\u8cc0\uff082013\u5e745\u6708\uff09 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u9053186\u53f7\u8352\u4e95\u884c\u65b9\u7dda\uff08\u3044\u3070\u3089\u304d\u3051\u3093\u3069\u3046186\u3054\u3046 \u3042\u3089\u3044\u306a\u3081\u304c\u305f\u305b\u3093\uff09\u306f\u3001\u8328\u57ce\u770c\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u8352\u4e95\u304b\u3089\u884c\u65b9\u5e02\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u4e00\u822c\u770c\u9053\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 \u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u8352\u4e95\uff08\u56fd\u905351\u53f7\uff09\u304b\u3089\u897f\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3044\u5317\u6d66\u306e\u4e2d\u592e\u90e8\u306b\u67b6\u304b\u308b\u5317\u6d66\u5927\u6a4b\u3092\u6e21\u308a\u3001\u884c\u65b9\u5e02\u9ebb\u751f\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u5730\u65b9\u9053\u6c34\u6238\u927e\u7530\u4f50\u539f\u7dda\uff09\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u7d0413 km\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u3002\u8328\u57ce\u770c\u9e7f\u884c\u5730\u533a\u306e\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5074\u3068\u971e\u30f6\u6d66\u5074\u3092\u6771\u897f\u306b\u6a2a\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u8def\u7dda\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3002 Table of Contents \u8def\u7dda\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5e74\u8868[\u7de8\u96c6]\u8def\u7dda\u72b6\u6cc1[\u7de8\u96c6]\u9053\u8def\u65bd\u8a2d[\u7de8\u96c6]\u901a\u904e\u3059\u308b\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53[\u7de8\u96c6]\u4ea4\u5dee\u3059\u308b\u9053\u8def[\u7de8\u96c6]\u6cbf\u7dda[\u7de8\u96c6]\u6ce8\u91c8[\u7de8\u96c6]\u51fa\u5178[\u7de8\u96c6]\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[\u7de8\u96c6]\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5916\u90e8\u30ea\u30f3\u30af[\u7de8\u96c6] \u8def\u7dda\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf[\u7de8\u96c6] 1959\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c34\u5e74\uff0910\u670814\u65e5\u3001\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u770c\u9053\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9e7f\u5cf6\u90e1\u5927\u91ce\u6751\u5927\u5b57\u8352\u4e95\u3092\u8d77\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3001\u884c\u65b9\u90e1\u9ebb\u751f\u753a\u3092\u7d42\u70b9\u3068\u3059\u308b\u533a\u9593\u3092\u672c\u8def\u7dda\u3068\u3059\u308b\u770c\u9053\u8352\u4e95\u9ebb\u751f\u7dda\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8328\u57ce\u770c\u304c\u770c\u9053\u8def\u7dda\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3002 1995\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u62107\u5e74\uff09\u306b\u6574\u7406\u756a\u53f7186\u3068\u306a\u308a\u30012006\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621018\u5e74\uff09\u306b\u5e73\u6210\u306e\u5927\u5408\u4f75\u306b\u3088\u308a\u9ebb\u751f\u753a\u304c\u5408\u4f75\u6d88\u6ec5\u3057\u3066\u884c\u65b9\u5e02\u306b\u6539\u79f0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u770c\u9053\u8352\u4e95\u884c\u65b9\u7dda\u306b\u8def\u7dda\u540d\u3092\u6539\u79f0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 \u5e74\u8868[\u7de8\u96c6] 1959\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c34\u5e74\uff0910\u670814\u65e5\uff1a \u770c\u9053\u8352\u4e95\u9ebb\u751f\u7dda\uff08\u56f3\u9762\u5bfe\u7167\u756a\u53f7193\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8def\u7dda\u8a8d\u5b9a[4]\u3002 \u9053\u8def\u306e\u533a\u57df\u306f\u3001\u9e7f\u5cf6\u90e1\u5927\u91ce\u6751\u5927\u5b57\u8352\u4e95\u306e\u4e8c\u7d1a\u56fd\u9053\u5343\u8449\u6c34\u6238\u7dda\uff08\u73fe\u3001\u56fd\u905351\u53f7\uff09\u5206\u5c90\u304b\u3089\u884c\u65b9\u90e1\u9ebb\u751f\u753a\u5927\u5b57\u9ebb\u751f\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u5730\u65b9\u9053\u6c34\u6238\u927e\u7530\u4f50\u539f\u7dda\u4ea4\u70b9\u307e\u3067\u3068\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f[1]\u3002 1964\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c39\u5e74\uff097\u67083\u65e5\uff1a\u8eca\u4e21\u5236\u9650\u4ee4\u7b2c5\u67611\u9805[\u6ce8\u91c8 2]\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u6307\u5b9a\u533a\u9593\u3092\u5909\u66f4\uff08\u8def\u7dda\u5bfe\u8c61\u756a\u53f7193 \u8352\u4e95\u9ebb\u751f\u7dda\uff1a\u927e\u7530\u9e7f\u5cf6\u7dda\u5206\u5c90\u70b9 –","datePublished":"2018-02-28","dateModified":"2018-02-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki6\/archives\/author\/lordneo#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki6\/archives\/author\/lordneo","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c9645c498c9701c88b89b8537773dd7c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/94\/Ibaraki_prefectural_road_route_186_%28Arai-Namegata_line%29_in_Tsuga%2CKashima_city.JPG\/250px-Ibaraki_prefectural_road_route_186_%28Arai-Namegata_line%29_in_Tsuga%2CKashima_city.JPG","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/94\/Ibaraki_prefectural_road_route_186_%28Arai-Namegata_line%29_in_Tsuga%2CKashima_city.JPG\/250px-Ibaraki_prefectural_road_route_186_%28Arai-Namegata_line%29_in_Tsuga%2CKashima_city.JPG","height":"188","width":"250"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki6\/archives\/8462","about":["Wiki"],"wordCount":5475,"articleBody":"  \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u9053186\u53f7\u8352\u4e95\u884c\u65b9\u7dda\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u6d25\u8cc0\uff082013\u5e745\u6708\uff09\u8328\u57ce\u770c\u9053186\u53f7\u8352\u4e95\u884c\u65b9\u7dda\uff08\u3044\u3070\u3089\u304d\u3051\u3093\u3069\u3046186\u3054\u3046 \u3042\u3089\u3044\u306a\u3081\u304c\u305f\u305b\u3093\uff09\u306f\u3001\u8328\u57ce\u770c\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u8352\u4e95\u304b\u3089\u884c\u65b9\u5e02\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u4e00\u822c\u770c\u9053\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u8352\u4e95\uff08\u56fd\u905351\u53f7\uff09\u304b\u3089\u897f\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3044\u5317\u6d66\u306e\u4e2d\u592e\u90e8\u306b\u67b6\u304b\u308b\u5317\u6d66\u5927\u6a4b\u3092\u6e21\u308a\u3001\u884c\u65b9\u5e02\u9ebb\u751f\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u5730\u65b9\u9053\u6c34\u6238\u927e\u7530\u4f50\u539f\u7dda\uff09\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u7d0413 km\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u3002\u8328\u57ce\u770c\u9e7f\u884c\u5730\u533a\u306e\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5074\u3068\u971e\u30f6\u6d66\u5074\u3092\u6771\u897f\u306b\u6a2a\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u8def\u7dda\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3002Table of Contents\u8def\u7dda\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5e74\u8868[\u7de8\u96c6]\u8def\u7dda\u72b6\u6cc1[\u7de8\u96c6]\u9053\u8def\u65bd\u8a2d[\u7de8\u96c6]\u901a\u904e\u3059\u308b\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53[\u7de8\u96c6]\u4ea4\u5dee\u3059\u308b\u9053\u8def[\u7de8\u96c6]\u6cbf\u7dda[\u7de8\u96c6]\u6ce8\u91c8[\u7de8\u96c6]\u51fa\u5178[\u7de8\u96c6]\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[\u7de8\u96c6]\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5916\u90e8\u30ea\u30f3\u30af[\u7de8\u96c6]\u8def\u7dda\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf[\u7de8\u96c6]1959\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c34\u5e74\uff0910\u670814\u65e5\u3001\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u770c\u9053\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9e7f\u5cf6\u90e1\u5927\u91ce\u6751\u5927\u5b57\u8352\u4e95\u3092\u8d77\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3001\u884c\u65b9\u90e1\u9ebb\u751f\u753a\u3092\u7d42\u70b9\u3068\u3059\u308b\u533a\u9593\u3092\u672c\u8def\u7dda\u3068\u3059\u308b\u770c\u9053\u8352\u4e95\u9ebb\u751f\u7dda\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8328\u57ce\u770c\u304c\u770c\u9053\u8def\u7dda\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u30021995\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u62107\u5e74\uff09\u306b\u6574\u7406\u756a\u53f7186\u3068\u306a\u308a\u30012006\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621018\u5e74\uff09\u306b\u5e73\u6210\u306e\u5927\u5408\u4f75\u306b\u3088\u308a\u9ebb\u751f\u753a\u304c\u5408\u4f75\u6d88\u6ec5\u3057\u3066\u884c\u65b9\u5e02\u306b\u6539\u79f0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u770c\u9053\u8352\u4e95\u884c\u65b9\u7dda\u306b\u8def\u7dda\u540d\u3092\u6539\u79f0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5e74\u8868[\u7de8\u96c6]1959\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c34\u5e74\uff0910\u670814\u65e5\uff1a\u770c\u9053\u8352\u4e95\u9ebb\u751f\u7dda\uff08\u56f3\u9762\u5bfe\u7167\u756a\u53f7193\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8def\u7dda\u8a8d\u5b9a[4]\u3002\u9053\u8def\u306e\u533a\u57df\u306f\u3001\u9e7f\u5cf6\u90e1\u5927\u91ce\u6751\u5927\u5b57\u8352\u4e95\u306e\u4e8c\u7d1a\u56fd\u9053\u5343\u8449\u6c34\u6238\u7dda\uff08\u73fe\u3001\u56fd\u905351\u53f7\uff09\u5206\u5c90\u304b\u3089\u884c\u65b9\u90e1\u9ebb\u751f\u753a\u5927\u5b57\u9ebb\u751f\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u5730\u65b9\u9053\u6c34\u6238\u927e\u7530\u4f50\u539f\u7dda\u4ea4\u70b9\u307e\u3067\u3068\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f[1]\u30021964\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c39\u5e74\uff097\u67083\u65e5\uff1a\u8eca\u4e21\u5236\u9650\u4ee4\u7b2c5\u67611\u9805[\u6ce8\u91c8 2]\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u6307\u5b9a\u533a\u9593\u3092\u5909\u66f4\uff08\u8def\u7dda\u5bfe\u8c61\u756a\u53f7193 \u8352\u4e95\u9ebb\u751f\u7dda\uff1a\u927e\u7530\u9e7f\u5cf6\u7dda\u5206\u5c90\u70b9 – \u6c34\u6238\u927e\u7530\u4f50\u539f\u7dda\u4ea4\u70b9\u2192\u56fd\u905351\u53f7\u7dda\u5206\u5c90\u70b9 – \u6c34\u6238\u927e\u7530\u4f50\u539f\u7dda\u4ea4\u70b9\uff09[5]\u30021967\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c42\u5e74\uff096\u670829\u65e5\uff1a\u9e7f\u5cf6\u90e1\u5927\u91ce\u6751\u5927\u5b57\u8352\u4e95\u306e\u72ed\u9698\u8def\uff08\u6700\u5c0f\u5e45\u54e14.0\u00a0m\u3001\u5ef6\u9577320\u00a0m\uff09\u3092\u62e1\u5e45\u6539\u826f[6]\u30021970\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c45\u5e74\uff096\u670829\u65e5\uff1a\u9e7f\u5cf6\u90e1\u5927\u91ce\u6751\u5927\u5b57\u6b66\u4e95\u5730\u5185\u306e\u72ed\u9698\u533a\u9593\uff08\u6700\u5c0f\u5e45\u54e14.0\u00a0m\u3001\u5ef6\u3079165\u00a0m\uff09\u3092\u9053\u8def\u6539\u826f\u3001\u4f9b\u7528\u958b\u59cb[7]\u30021976\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c51\u5e74\uff0910\u670825\u65e5\uff1a\u9e7f\u5cf6\u90e1\u5927\u91ce\u6751\u5927\u5b57\u6d25\u8cc0\u5730\u5185\uff08\u770c\u9053\u8328\u57ce\u9e7f\u5cf6\u7dda – \u5317\u6d66\u6e56\u5cb8\uff09\u306e\u72ed\u9698\u8def\uff08371\u00a0m\uff09\u3092\u62e1\u5e45\u6539\u826f\u4f9b\u7528\u958b\u59cb[8]\u30021978\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c53\u5e74\uff099\u670828\u65e5\uff1a\u884c\u65b9\u90e1\u9ebb\u751f\u753a\u5927\u5b57\u6839\u53e4\u5c4b\u3001\u5927\u5b57\u5b87\u5d0e\u306b\u5f85\u907f\u6240\u30923\u30b1\u6240\u8a2d\u7f6e[9]\u30021982\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c57\u5e74\uff0912\u670820\u65e5\uff1a\u5317\u6d66\u5927\u6a4b\u6574\u5099\u5de5\u4e8b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3001\u9e7f\u5cf6\u90e1\u5927\u91ce\u6751\u5927\u5b57\u6b66\u4e95 – \u884c\u65b9\u90e1\u9ebb\u751f\u753a\u5927\u5b57\u5b87\u5d0e\u306e\u9053\u8def\u533a\u57df\uff082.736\u00a0km\uff09\u3092\u6307\u5b9a[10]\u30021995\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u62107\u5e74\uff092\u670822\u65e5\uff1a\u5927\u91ce\u6751\u5927\u5b57\u6d25\u8cc0 – \u9ebb\u751f\u753a\u5927\u5b57\u6839\u5c0f\u5c4b\u306e\u5317\u6d66\u5927\u6a4b\u30d0\u30a4\u30d1\u30b9\uff08\u7d044.1\u00a0km\uff09\u304c\u958b\u901a[11]\u30023\u670830\u65e5\uff1a\u6574\u7406\u756a\u53f7250\u304b\u3089\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u756a\u53f7\uff08\u6574\u7406\u756a\u53f7186\uff09\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u3055\u308c\u308b[12]\u30022002\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621014\u5e74\uff091\u670815\u65e5\uff1a\u5317\u6d66\u5927\u6a4b\u30d0\u30a4\u30d1\u30b9\u958b\u901a\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3001\u884c\u65b9\u90e1\u9ebb\u751f\u753a\u767d\u6d5c – \u540c\u753a\u6839\u5c0f\u5c4b\u306e\u65e7\u9053\uff08\u5ef6\u9577\u7d043\u00a0km\uff09\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u89e3\u9664\u3055\u308c\u9ebb\u751f\u753a\u9053\u3078\u964d\u683c[13]\u30022005\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621017\u5e74\uff093\u670825\u65e5\uff1a\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u5927\u5b57\u6d25\u8cc0\u5730\u5185\u306e\u30d0\u30a4\u30d1\u30b9\u9053\uff08\u5ef6\u9577\u7d041.7\u00a0km\uff09\u304c\u958b\u901a\u3059\u308b[14]\u30022006\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621018\u5e74\uff094\u67081\u65e5\uff1a\u73fe\u8def\u7dda\u540d\u306e\u8352\u4e95\u884c\u65b9\u7dda\u306b\u540d\u79f0\u5909\u66f4[15]\u30022007\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621019\u5e74\uff0910\u670818\u65e5\uff1a\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u5927\u5b57\u6d25\u8cc0\u5730\u5185\uff08\u5317\u6d66\u6e56\u7554\uff09\u306e\u65e7\u9053\uff08520\u00a0m\uff09\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u89e3\u9664\u3055\u308c\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u9053\u3078\u964d\u683c[16]\u30022008\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621020\u5e74\uff093\u670810\u65e5\uff1a\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u5927\u5b57\u8352\u4e95\u5730\u5185\uff08\u56fd\u905351\u53f7\u30fb\u5e02\u5f79\u6240\u51fa\u5f35\u6240\u5165\u53e3\u4ea4\u5dee\u70b9 – \uff09\u306e\u73fe\u9053\uff08999\u00a0m\uff09\u3092\u9053\u8def\u6539\u826f\u3059\u308b\u9053\u8def\u533a\u57df\u6c7a\u5b9a[17]\u30023\u670827\u65e5\uff1a\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u5927\u5b57\u6d25\u8cc0 – \u540c\u5e02\u5927\u5b57\u6b66\u4e95\uff08\u8328\u57ce\u770c\u905318\u53f7\u8328\u57ce\u9e7f\u5cf6\u7dda\u30fb\u984d\u8cc0\u4ea4\u5dee\u70b9\uff09\u306e\u65e7\u9053\u533a\u9593\uff08797\u00a0m\uff09\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u89e3\u9664\u3055\u308c\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u9053\u3078\u964d\u683c[18]\u30024\u67081\u65e5\uff1a\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u5927\u5b57\u6d25\u8cc0 – \u884c\u65b9\u5e02\u6839\u5c0f\u5c4b\u306e\u533a\u9593\u3092\u3001\u901a\u884c\u3059\u308b\u8eca\u4e21\u306e\u6700\u5927\u91cd\u91cf\u9650\u5ea625\u30c8\u30f3\u306e\u9053\u8def\u306b\u6307\u5b9a[19]\u30022011\u5e74\uff08\u5e73\u621023\u5e74\uff093\u670831\u65e5\uff1a\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u5927\u5b57\u6d25\u8cc0\u5730\u5185\u306e\u5927\u91ce\u6e56\u7554\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u30a6\u30f3\u308f\u304d\u65e7\u9053\u533a\u9593\uff08852m\uff09\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u89e3\u9664\u3055\u308c\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u9053\u3078\u964d\u683c[20]\u3002\u8def\u7dda\u72b6\u6cc1[\u7de8\u96c6]  \u5e73\u6210\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u9053\u8def\u6539\u826f\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u5bfe\u54112\u8eca\u7dda\uff08\u7247\u50741\u8eca\u7dda\uff09\u306e\u9053\u8def\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u8d77\u70b9\u306e\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u8352\u4e95\u5730\u533a\u306f\u72ed\u9698\u304b\u3064\u6025\u5742\u3067\u5236\u9650\u901f\u5ea630km\/h\u306e\u533a\u9593\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u533a\u9593\u306e\u6b69\u9053\u8a2d\u7f6e\u3092\u542b\u3081\u305f\u9053\u8def\u6539\u826f\u5de5\u4e8b\u304c\u9032\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[17][21]\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u884c\u65b9\u5e02\u77e2\u5e61\u304b\u3089\u7d42\u70b9\u306e\u540c\u5e02\u9ebb\u751f\u307e\u3067\u306e\u533a\u9593\u306f\u3001\u66f2\u304c\u308a\u304f\u306d\u3063\u305f\u9053\u8def\u304c\u7d9a\u304d\u3001\u4e00\u90e82\u8eca\u7dda\u3078\u9053\u8def\u6539\u826f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7b87\u6240\u3092\u9664\u304d\u3001\u533a\u9593\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u304c1.5\u8eca\u7dda\u306e\u9053\u8def\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9053\u8def\u6cd5\u306e\u898f\u5b9a\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u8352\u4e95\uff08\u51fa\u5f35\u6240\u5165\u53e3\u4ea4\u5dee\u70b9\uff09 – \u884c\u65b9\u5e02\u6839\u5c0f\u5c4b\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u770c\u9053\u7e41\u660c\u6f6e\u6765\u7dda\u4ea4\u5dee\uff09\u9593\u306f\u3001\u7dca\u6025\u8f38\u9001\u9053\u8def\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u707d\u5bb3\u767a\u751f\u6642\u306e\u88ab\u5bb3\u62e1\u5927\u9632\u6b62\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u9053\u8def\u7528\u5730\u5185\u306b\u96fb\u67f1\u3092\u5efa\u3066\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[22]\u3002\u9053\u8def\u65bd\u8a2d[\u7de8\u96c6]\u901a\u904e\u3059\u308b\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53[\u7de8\u96c6]\u4ea4\u5dee\u3059\u308b\u9053\u8def[\u7de8\u96c6]\u6cbf\u7dda[\u7de8\u96c6]\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u7acb\u5927\u91ce\u4e2d\u5b66\u6821\uff08\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u6d25\u8cc0\uff09\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u5f79\u6240\u5927\u91ce\u51fa\u5f35\u6240\uff08\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u6d25\u8cc0\uff09\u767d\u6d5c\u5c11\u5e74\u81ea\u7136\u306e\u5bb6\uff08\u884c\u65b9\u5e02\u767d\u6d5c\uff09\u30ec\u30a4\u30af\u30a8\u30b3\u30fc\uff08\u884c\u65b9\u5e02\u5b87\u5d0e\uff09\u6ce8\u91c8[\u7de8\u96c6]^ \u5e45\u54e1\u3001\u66f2\u7dda\u534a\u5f84\u3001\u3053\u3046\u914d\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u9053\u8def\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6700\u5927\u7a4d\u8f094\u30c8\u30f3\u306e\u666e\u901a\u8ca8\u7269\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u304c\u901a\u884c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u533a\u9593\u3002^ \u5e02\u8857\u5730\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u533a\u57df\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u300c\u5e02\u8857\u5730\u533a\u57df\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002\uff09\u5185\u306e\u9053\u8def\u3067\u3001\u9053\u8def\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u304c\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u306e\u4ea4\u901a\u91cf\u304c\u304d\u308f\u3081\u3066\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u53c8\u306f\u4e00\u65b9\u901a\u884c\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u901a\u884c\u3059\u308b\u8eca\u4e21\u306e\u5e45\u306f\u3001\u5f53\u8a72\u9053\u8def\u306e\u8eca\u9053\u306e\u5e45\u54e1\uff08\u6b69\u9053\u53c8\u306f\u81ea\u8ee2\u8eca\u6b69\u884c\u8005\u9053\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3092\u3082\u6709\u3057\u306a\u3044\u9053\u8def\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8def\u80a9\u306e\u5e45\u54e1\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u53c8\u306f\u305d\u306e\u8def\u80a9\u306e\u5e45\u54e1\u306e\u5408\u8a08\u304c1\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u672a\u6e80\uff08\u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30eb\u3001\u6a4b\u53c8\u306f\u9ad8\u67b6\u306e\u9053\u8def\u306b\u3042\u3064\u3066\u306f\u30010.5\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u672a\u6e80\uff09\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306b\u3042\u3064\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5f53\u8a72\u9053\u8def\u306e\u8def\u9762\u306e\u5e45\u54e1\u304b\u30891\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\uff08\u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30eb\u3001\u6a4b\u53c8\u306f\u9ad8\u67b6\u306e\u9053\u8def\u306b\u3042\u3064\u3066\u306f\u30010.5\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\uff09\u3092\u6e1b\u3058\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u540c\u3058\u3002\uff09\u304b\u30890.5\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u3092\u6e1b\u3058\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3092\u3053\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u51fa\u5178[\u7de8\u96c6]^ a b c \u9053\u8def\u306e\u533a\u57df\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff08\u662d\u548c\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u5341\u56db\u65e5 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u544a\u793a\u7b2c\u4e5d\u767e\u4e09\u53f7\uff09 (PDF) ,\u8328\u57ce\u770c\u5831 \u53f7\u5916\uff081959\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c34\u5e74\uff0910\u670814\u65e5\uff09\u3088\u308a^ a b c d e \u300e\u8328\u57ce\u770c\u9053\u8def\u73fe\u6cc1\u8abf\u66f8\u300f\u5e73\u621031\u5e743\u670831\u65e5\u73fe\u5728\u3001p. 12^ \u6f6e\u6765\u571f\u6728\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240 (2015\u5e744\u670827\u65e5). \u201c\u4e00\u822c\u770c\u9053\u8352\u4e95\u884c\u65b9\u7dda\uff08\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u8352\u4e95\uff09\u201d. \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u30db\u30fc\u30e0\u30da\u30fc\u30b8.   \u8328\u57ce\u770c. 2016\u5e741\u67084\u65e5\u95b2\u89a7\u3002^ \u770c\u9053\u8def\u7dda\u8a8d\u5b9a\uff08\u662d\u548c\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u5341\u56db\u65e5 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u544a\u793a\u7b2c\u4e5d\u767e\u4e00\u53f7\uff09 (PDF) ,\u8328\u57ce\u770c\u5831 \u53f7\u5916\uff081959\u5e74\uff08\u662d\u548c34\u5e74\uff0910\u670814\u65e5\uff09\u3088\u308a^ \u201c\u8def\u7dda\u6307\u5b9a\u306e\u5909\u66f4\uff08\u662d\u548c39\u5e747\u67083\u65e5 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u544a\u793a\u7b2c1005\u53f7\uff09 (PDF)\u201d, \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u5831 (\u8328\u57ce\u770c) \u7b2c5170\u53f7:  pp. 1\u20132, (1964\u5e747\u67083\u65e5)\u00a0^ \u201c\u9053\u8def\u306e\u533a\u57df\u5909\u66f4\u30fb\u9053\u8def\u306e\u4f9b\u7528\u958b\u59cb\uff08\u662d\u548c42\u5e746\u670829\u65e5 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u544a\u793a\u7b2c785\u30fb793\u53f7\uff09 (PDF)\u201d, \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u5831 (\u8328\u57ce\u770c) \u7b2c5515\u53f7:  pp. 8, 12, (1967\u5e746\u670829\u65e5)\u00a0^ \u201c\u9053\u8def\u306e\u533a\u57df\u5909\u66f4\u30fb\u4f9b\u7528\u958b\u59cb\uff08\u662d\u548c45\u5e746\u670829\u65e5 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u544a\u793a\u7b2c936\u30fb938\u53f7\uff09 (PDF)\u201d, \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u5831 (\u8328\u57ce\u770c) \u53f7\u5916 (3):  pp. 1\u20132, (1970\u5e746\u670829\u65e5)\u00a0^ \u201c\u9053\u8def\u306e\u533a\u57df\u5909\u66f4\u30fb\u4f9b\u7528\u958b\u59cb\uff08\u662d\u548c51\u5e7410\u670825\u65e5 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u544a\u793a\u7b2c1190\u30fb1192\u53f7\uff09 (PDF)\u201d, \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u5831 (\u8328\u57ce\u770c) \u7b2c6472\u53f7:  pp. 6\u20137, (1976\u5e7410\u670825\u65e5)\u00a0^ \u201c\u9053\u8def\u306e\u533a\u57df\u5909\u66f4\u30fb\u4f9b\u7528\u958b\u59cb\uff08\u662d\u548c53\u5e749\u670828\u65e5 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u544a\u793a\u7b2c1180\u30fb1181\u53f7\uff09 (PDF)\u201d, \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u5831 (\u8328\u57ce\u770c) \u7b2c6669\u53f7:  pp. 7\u20138, (1978\u5e749\u670828\u65e5)\u00a0^ \u201c\u9053\u8def\u306e\u533a\u57df\u5909\u66f4\uff08\u662d\u548c57\u5e7412\u670820\u65e5 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u544a\u793a\u7b2c1715\u53f7\uff09 (PDF)\u201d, \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u5831 (\u8328\u57ce\u770c) \u53f7\u5916\u7b2c270\u53f7:  pp. 5\u20136, (1982\u5e7412\u670820\u65e5)\u00a0^ \u201c\u9053\u8def\u306e\u4f9b\u7528\u306e\u958b\u59cb\uff08\u5e73\u62107\u5e742\u670816\u65e5 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u544a\u793a\u7b2c210\u53f7\uff09 (PDF)\u201d, \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u5831 (\u8328\u57ce\u770c) \u7b2c625\u53f7:  p. 2, (1995\u5e742\u670816\u65e5)\u00a0^ \u201c\u770c\u9053\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u540d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6574\u7406\u756a\u53f7\u306e\u5909\u66f4\uff08\u5e73\u62107\u5e743\u670830\u65e5 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u544a\u793a\u7b2c436\u53f7\uff09 (PDF)\u201d, \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u5831 (\u8328\u57ce\u770c) \u7b2c637\u53f7:  pp. 8\u201312, (1995\u5e743\u670830\u65e5)\u00a0^ \u201c\u9053\u8def\u306e\u533a\u57df\u306e\u5909\u66f4\uff08\u5e73\u621014\u5e741\u670815\u65e5 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u544a\u793a\u7b2c38\u53f7\uff09 (PDF)\u201d, \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u5831 (\u8328\u57ce\u770c) \u7b2c1329\u53f7:  pp. 9\u201310, (2002\u5e741\u670815\u65e5)\u00a0^ \u201c\u9053\u8def\u306e\u4f9b\u7528\u306e\u958b\u59cb\uff08\u5e73\u621017\u5e743\u670822\u65e5 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u544a\u793a\u7b2c349\u53f7\uff09 (PDF)\u201d, \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u5831 (\u8328\u57ce\u770c) \u7b2c1655\u53f7:  pp. 12\u201313, (2005\u5e743\u670825\u65e5)\u00a0^ \u201c\u770c\u9053\u306e\u8def\u7dda\u540d\u306e\u5909\u66f4\uff08\u5e73\u621018\u5e743\u670823\u65e5 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u544a\u793a\u7b2c354\u53f7\uff09 (PDF)\u201d, \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u5831 (\u8328\u57ce\u770c) \u7b2c1758\u53f7:  p. 19, (2006\u5e743\u670823\u65e5)\u00a0^ \u201c\u9053\u8def\u306e\u533a\u57df\u306e\u5909\u66f4\uff08\u5e73\u621019\u5e7410\u670818\u65e5 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u544a\u793a\u7b2c1275\u53f7\uff09 (PDF)\u201d, \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u5831 (\u8328\u57ce\u770c) \u7b2c1919\u53f7:  p. 14, (2007\u5e7410\u670818\u65e5)\u00a0^ a b \u201c\u9053\u8def\u306e\u533a\u57df\u306e\u5909\u66f4\uff08\u5e73\u621020\u5e743\u670810\u65e5 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u544a\u793a\u7b2c294\u53f7\uff09 (PDF)\u201d, \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u5831 (\u8328\u57ce\u770c) \u7b2c1958\u53f7:  p. 8, (2008\u5e743\u670810\u65e5)\u00a0^ \u201c\u9053\u8def\u306e\u533a\u57df\u306e\u5909\u66f4\uff08\u5e73\u621020\u5e743\u670827\u65e5 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u544a\u793a\u7b2c461\u53f7\uff09 (PDF)\u201d, \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u5831 (\u8328\u57ce\u770c) \u7b2c1963\u53f7:  p. 30, (2008\u5e743\u670827\u65e5)\u00a0^ \u201c\u8eca\u4e21\u5236\u9650\u4ee4\u306e\u898f\u5b9a\u306e\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u9053\u8def\u306e\u6307\u5b9a\uff08\u5e73\u621020\u5e742\u670828\u65e5 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u544a\u793a\u7b2c245\u53f7\uff09 (PDF)\u201d, \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u5831 (\u8328\u57ce\u770c) \u7b2c1955\u53f7:  pp. 15\u201316, (2008\u5e742\u670828\u65e5)\u00a0^ \u201c\u9053\u8def\u306e\u533a\u57df\u306e\u5909\u66f4\uff08\u5e73\u621023\u5e743\u670831\u65e5 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u544a\u793a\u7b2c367\u53f7\uff09 (PDF)\u201d, \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u5831 (\u8328\u57ce\u770c) \u7b2c2270\u53f7:  p. 43, (2011\u5e743\u670831\u65e5)\u00a0^ \u201c\u4e00\u822c\u770c\u9053\u8352\u4e95\u884c\u65b9\u7dda\uff08\u9e7f\u5d8b\u5e02\u8352\u4e95\uff09\u201d. \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u30db\u30fc\u30e0\u30da\u30fc\u30b8. \u6f6e\u6765\u571f\u6728\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240.   \u8328\u57ce\u770c (2018\u5e7411\u670822\u65e5). 2019\u5e745\u670818\u65e5\u95b2\u89a7\u3002^ \u201c\u9053\u8def\u306e\u5360\u7528\u3092\u5236\u9650\u3059\u308b\u533a\u57df\u306e\u6307\u5b9a\uff08\u5e73\u621030\u5e743\u670819\u65e5 \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u544a\u793a\u7b2c299\u53f7\uff09 (PDF)\u201d, \u8328\u57ce\u770c\u5831 \u7b2c2980\u53f7:  pp. 18\u201328, (2018\u5e743\u670819\u65e5)\u00a0\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[\u7de8\u96c6]\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee[\u7de8\u96c6]\u5916\u90e8\u30ea\u30f3\u30af[\u7de8\u96c6]"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki6\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki6\/archives\/8462#breadcrumbitem","name":"\u8328\u57ce\u770c\u9053186\u53f7\u8352\u4e95\u884c\u65b9\u7dda – Wikipedia"}}]}]