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Refutations\uff09\u3068\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u30c6\u30ec\u30b9\u306e\u8457\u4f5c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300e\u30aa\u30eb\u30ac\u30ce\u30f3\u300f\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u4e00\u518a\u3002\u300e\u30bd\u30d5\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u7684\u8ad6\u99c1\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u300f\u3068\u3082\u8a33\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002 \u672c\u66f8\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u8a6d\u5f01\u300d\uff08\u5e0c: \u03c3\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u3001sophism\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8ad6\u99c1\u306e\u3042\u308a\u65b9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8003\u5bdf\u304c\u8ad6\u3058\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u300c\u8ad6\u8a3c\u300d\uff08\u5e0c: \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b9\u03c2\u3001apodeiksis\u3001\u30a2\u30dd\u30c7\u30a4\u30af\u30b7\u30b9\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8ad6\u3058\u3089\u308c\u308b\u300e\u5206\u6790\u8ad6\u524d\u66f8\u300f\u300e\u5206\u6790\u8ad6\u5f8c\u66f8\u300f\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u5f01\u8a3c\u8853\u300d\uff08\u5e0c: 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\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd\u3001\u7f85: De Sophisticis Elenchis, \u82f1: On Sophistical Refutations\uff09\u3068\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u30c6\u30ec\u30b9\u306e\u8457\u4f5c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300e\u30aa\u30eb\u30ac\u30ce\u30f3\u300f\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u4e00\u518a\u3002\u300e\u30bd\u30d5\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u7684\u8ad6\u99c1\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u300f\u3068\u3082\u8a33\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002  \u672c\u66f8\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u8a6d\u5f01\u300d\uff08\u5e0c: \u03c3\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u3001sophism\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8ad6\u99c1\u306e\u3042\u308a\u65b9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8003\u5bdf\u304c\u8ad6\u3058\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u300c\u8ad6\u8a3c\u300d\uff08\u5e0c: \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b9\u03c2\u3001apodeiksis\u3001\u30a2\u30dd\u30c7\u30a4\u30af\u30b7\u30b9\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8ad6\u3058\u3089\u308c\u308b\u300e\u5206\u6790\u8ad6\u524d\u66f8\u300f\u300e\u5206\u6790\u8ad6\u5f8c\u66f8\u300f\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u300c\u5f01\u8a3c\u8853\u300d\uff08\u5e0c: \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u3001dialektike\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30b1\u30fc\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8ad6\u3058\u3089\u308c\u308b\u300e\u30c8\u30d4\u30ab\u300f\u3068\u5bfe\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u5143\u3005\u306f\u3001\u300e\u30c8\u30d4\u30ab\u300f\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u7b2c9\u5dfb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u66f8\u7c4d\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b[1]\u3002\u516834\u7ae0\u304b\u3089\u6210\u308b\u3002  \u7b2c1\u7ae0-\u7b2c2\u7ae0 – \u5e8f\u8ad6\u3002\u7b2c1\u7ae0 – 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\u300c\u8a00\u8449\u9063\u3044\u300d\u4ee5\u5916\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8ad6\u99c1 — 1. \u4ed8\u5e2f\u6027\u30012. \u7aef\u7684\u30fb\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u30013. \u7121\u77e5\u30014. \u8ad6\u70b9\u5148\u53d6\u30015. \u5e30\u7d50\u30016. \u865a\u507d\u539f\u56e0\u30017. \u8ad6\u70b9\u7d71\u5408\u3002\u7b2c6\u7ae0 – \u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u8a6d\u5f01\u7684\u8ad6\u99c1\u306e\u5168\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7121\u77e5\u306b\u5e30\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c7\u7ae0 – \u305d\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u306f\u9069\u5207\u306a\u533a\u5225\u7acb\u3066\u306e\u6b20\u5982\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7b2c8\u7ae0 – C. \u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u306f\u59a5\u5f53\u3060\u304c\u3001\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u306f\u5916\u5f62\u7684\u306b\u3057\u304b\u59a5\u5f53\u3057\u306a\u3044\u8ad6\u99c1\u3002\u7b2c9\u7ae0 – 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\u300c\u8a00\u8449\u9063\u3044\u300d\u4ee5\u5916\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8ad6\u99c1\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u89e3\u6c7a\u6cd5 — \u4e0a\u8ff01\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3002\u7b2c25\u7ae0 – \u4e0a\u8ff02\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3002\u7b2c26\u7ae0 – \u4e0a\u8ff03\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3002\u7b2c27\u7ae0 – \u4e0a\u8ff04\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3002\u7b2c28\u7ae0 – \u4e0a\u8ff05\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3002\u7b2c29\u7ae0 – \u4e0a\u8ff06\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3002\u7b2c30\u7ae0 – \u4e0a\u8ff07\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3002\u7b2c31\u7ae0 – \u300c\u7121\u610f\u5473\u306a\u304a\u558b\u308a\u300d\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u8fbc\u3080\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u89e3\u6c7a\u6cd5\u3002\u7b2c32\u7ae0 – \u300c\u8a9e\u6cd5\u9055\u53cd\u300d\u306b\u5c0e\u304f\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u89e3\u6c7a\u6cd5\u3002\u7b2c33\u7ae0 – \u865a\u507d\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u96e3\u6613\u306e\u8af8\u6bb5\u968e\u3002\u7b2c34\u7ae0 – 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