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\u304b\u3089 \u03bcm \uff09\u3068\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u8a00\u3046\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u306f\u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\uff08Van Wees\u4ed6\uff09\u306a\u3089\u3073\u306b\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\uff08Wharam\u4ed6\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u72ec\u7acb\u306b\u5b9f\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff081988\u5e74\uff09\u3002  \u76ee\u6b211 \u4f5c\u88fd\u6cd52 \u7279\u60273 \u5fdc\u75284 \u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee5 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I=GV}\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5f0f\u306f\u5de8\u8996\u7684\u306a\u62b5\u6297\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30aa\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306b\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u304c\u5fae\u5c0f\u3067\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u6271\u3044\u3092\u8981\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f4e\u6e29\u30fb\u4f4e\u96fb\u5727\u306e\u6975\u9650\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4f1d\u5c0e\u306b\u5bc4\u4e0e\u3059\u308b\u96fb\u5b50\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u30fb\u904b\u52d5\u91cf\u30fb\u6ce2\u6570\u306f\u4e00\u5b9a\u5024\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5024\u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u30d5\u30a7\u30eb\u30df\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u30fb\u30d5\u30a7\u30eb\u30df\u904b\u52d5\u91cf\u30fb\u30d5\u30a7\u30eb\u30df\u6ce2\u6570\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u306f\u6a2a\u65b9\u5411\u306e\u9589\u3058\u8fbc\u3081\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5c0e\u6ce2\u7ba1\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u6a2a\u65b9\u5411\u306e\u904b\u52d5\u304c\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u6ce2\u304c\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u901a\u904e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u306f\u81ea\u8eab\u3068\u6b63\u306e\u5e72\u6e09\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u5834\u5408\u306b\u9650\u3089\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u6570N{displaystyle N}\u306f\u304f\u3073\u308c\u306e\u6a2a\u5e45\u304b\u3089\u6c7a\u307e\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\uff08\u6a2a\u65b9\u5411\u306e\u904b\u52d5\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u72b6\u614b\uff09\u304c\u904b\u3076\u96fb\u6d41\u306f\u3001\u30d5\u30a7\u30eb\u30df\u6e96\u4f4d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u901f\u5ea6\u3068\u72b6\u614b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u306e\u7a4d\u306b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u91cf\u306f\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u3054\u3068\u306b\u7570\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7a4d\u306f\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c0\u30af\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3078\u306e\u5bc4\u4e0e\u306f\u7b49\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308a\u3001\u30b9\u30d4\u30f3\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u3042\u305f\u308aGQ=e2\/h{displaystyle G_{Q}=e^{2}\/h}\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u306fG=NGQ{displaystyle G=NG_{Q}}.\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u4e0a\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u539f\u7406\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30b3\u30f3\u30c0\u30af\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u306f\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u5024\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305a\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u7d20\u91cfe{displaystyle e}\u3068\u30d7\u30e9\u30f3\u30af\u5b9a\u6570h{displaystyle h}\u3067\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30b3\u30f3\u30c0\u30af\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u91cf\u5b50GQ=2e2\/h{displaystyle G_{Q}=2e^{2}\/h}\u306e\u6574\u6570\u500d\u306e\u5024\u3057\u304b\u8a31\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6574\u6570N{displaystyle N}\u306f\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u6a2a\u5e45\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6c7a\u307e\u308b\u5024\u3067\u3001\u5e45\u3092\u96fb\u5b50\u6ce2\u9577\u306e\u4e8c\u500d\u3067\u5272\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u304a\u304a\u3088\u305d\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u3002GaAs\/AlGaAs\u30d8\u30c6\u30ed\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30b2\u30fc\u30c8\u96fb\u5727\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5e45\u3092\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u5e45\u3092\u5e83\u3052\u308c\u3070\u4f1d\u5c0e\u306b\u5bc4\u4e0e\u3059\u308b\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\uff08\u30c1\u30e3\u30cd\u30eb\u3068\u3082\u8a00\u3046\uff09\u306e\u6570\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30c0\u30af\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u306f\u968e\u6bb5\u72b6\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u9ad8\u3055\u306fGQ{displaystyle G_{Q}}\u3067\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u306b\u5916\u90e8\u78c1\u5834\u3092\u304b\u3051\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30b9\u30d4\u30f3\u7e2e\u9000\u304c\u89e3\u3051\u3066\u30b3\u30f3\u30c0\u30af\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u306b\u534a\u6574\u6570\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u304c\u51fa\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u95a2\u4e0e\u3059\u308b\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u6570N{displaystyle N}\u304c\u6e1b\u5c11\u3059\u308b\u3002\u78c1\u5834\u3092\u5927\u304d\u304f\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001N{displaystyle N}\u304c\u304f\u3073\u308c\u306e\u5e45\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u91cf\u5b50\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u304b\u3089\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u30010.7GQ{displaystyle 0.7G_{Q}}\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u4f59\u5206\u306a\u30d7\u30e9\u30c8\u30fc\u304c\u51fa\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672a\u89e3\u6c7a\u306e\u554f\u984c\u304c\u3042\u308a\u30010.7\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3066\u8208\u5473\u3092\u96c6\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30e1\u30be\u30b9\u30b3\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u4f1d\u5c0e\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u5916\u306b\u3082\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u306f\u304d\u308f\u3081\u3066\u611f\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u96fb\u8377\u691c\u51fa\u7d20\u5b50\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6709\u7528\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u4ed6\u306e\u96fb\u5b50\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306b\u3088\u308a\u8fd1\u508d\u306e\u96fb\u4f4d\u304c\u3086\u3089\u3050\u3068\u3001\u7a7a\u4e4f\u5316\u9818\u57df\u306e\u5883\u754c\u304c\u79fb\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u3002\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c0\u30af\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u306f\u304f\u3073\u308c\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u5e45\u306b\u5f37\u304f\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u6d41\u308c\u308b\u96fb\u6d41\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u96fb\u5b50\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u56fa\u4f53\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u51fa\u3057\u306b\u5fdc\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u95a2\u9023\u9805\u76ee[\u7de8\u96c6]\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7269\u6027\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u5b50\u4e95\u6238\u91cf\u5b50\u7d30\u7dda\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[\u7de8\u96c6]H. van Houten and C.W.J. Beenakker (1996). \u201cQuantum point contacts\u201d. Physics Today 49 (7):  22\u201327. http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/cond-mat\/0512609.\u00a0C.W.J.Beenakker and H. van Houten (1991). \u201cQuantum Transport in Semiconductor Nanostructures\u201d. Solid State Physics 44. http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/cond-mat\/0412664.\u00a0B.J. van Wees et al. (1988). \u201cQuantized conductance of point contacts in a two-dimensional electron gas\u201d. Physical Review Letters 60:  848\u2013850.\u00a0D.A. Wharam et al. (1988). \u201cOne-dimensional transport and the quantization of the ballistic resistance\u201d. J. Phys. C 21:  L209.\u00a0J.M. Elzerman et al. (2003). \u201cFew-electron quantum dot circuit with integrated charge read out\u201d. Physical Review B 67:  161308.\u00a0K. J. Thomas et al. (1996). \u201cPossible spin polarization in a one-dimensional electron gas\u201d. Physical Review Letters 77:  135.\u00a0Nicol\u00e1s Agra\u00eft, Alfredo Levy Yeyati, Jan M. van Ruitenbeek (2003). \u201cQuantum properties of atomic-sized conductors\u201d. Physics Reports 377:  81.\u00a0"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki7\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki7\/archives\/6118#breadcrumbitem","name":"\u91cf\u5b50\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8 – Wikipedia"}}]}]