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     \u53cd\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0(\u82f1\u8a9e: Counter-Maniera, Counter-Mannerism, 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2]\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u671b\u307e\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u69d8\u5f0f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u547d\u5f0f\u3055\u3068\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u5206\u304b\u308a\u6613\u3055\u300d(“clarity in formal order and legibility in content”)\u3068\u5171\u306b\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u65b9\u5f0f\u304b\u3089\u306e\u6b6a\u66f2\u3068\u82b8\u8853\u6027\u306e\u6392\u9664\u3001\u53ca\u3073\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u306a\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3078\u306e\u56de\u5e30\u3068\u76db\u671f\u30eb\u30cd\u30b5\u30f3\u30b9\u82b8\u8853\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f[5]\u3002  \u3053\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u306f\u7f8e\u8853\u53f2\u5bb6\u306e\u30b7\u30c9\u30cb\u30fc\u30fb\u30b8\u30e7\u30bb\u30d5\u30fb\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30fc\u30b0\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09(1914\u20131997)\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8003\u6848\u3055\u308c\u3001\u53d7\u5bb9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u305d\u308c\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u7f8e\u8853\u53f2\u5bb6\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3082\u5206\u3051\u9694\u3066\u306a\u304f\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3089\u308c\u305f\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u53cd\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u306f1971\u5e74\u306b\u521d\u7248\u304c\u51fa\u7248\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30fc\u30b0\u306e\u8457\u4f5c\u300e\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2\u7d75\u753b 1500-1600\u300f(\u539f\u984c:Painting in Italy, 1500\u20131600)\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u305f16\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2\u7d75\u753b\u306e4\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u5185\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u9577\u671f\u306b\u6e21\u3063\u3066\u521d\u671f\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u3001\u76db\u671f\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u3001\u53cd\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u3001\u5f8c\u671f\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u3068\u533a\u5206\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f[6]\u3002\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u69d8\u5f0f\u306f\u7d99\u627f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8a33\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u76db\u671f\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u304c\u512a\u4f4d\u3067\u3042\u308b16\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u7b2c3\u56db\u534a\u671f\u306b\u53cd\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u671f\u9593\u304c\u91cd\u306a\u308b\u306a\u3069\u3001\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u671f\u9593\u306b\u4e26\u884c\u3057\u3066\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u53cd\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u306f\u82b8\u8853\u5bb6\u305f\u3061\u306e\u4e2d\u671f\u304b\u3089\u5f8c\u671f\u306e\u4f5c\u98a8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u4f5c\u54c1\u3001\u7279\u306b\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u306a\u4f9d\u983c\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u540c\u3058\u753b\u5bb6\u306e\u4f5c\u54c1\u3067\u306f\u5f15\u304d\u7d9a\u304d\u76db\u671f\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u69d8\u5f0f\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306a\u3069\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u305f[7]\u3002\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30fc\u30b0\u3068\u540c\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u30d5\u30a7\u30c7\u30ea\u30b3\u30fb\u30c4\u30a7\u30fc\u30ea\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u306f1957\u5e74\u306b\u5f7c\u306e\u9020\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300c\u30a2\u30eb\u30c6\u30fb\u30b5\u30af\u30e9\u300d(arte sacra\u3001\u8056\u306a\u308b\u82b8\u8853\u306e\u610f)\u3092\u30d0\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u76f4\u524d\u306e\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u7d75\u753b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5c0e\u5165\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5fa9\u6d3b\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30fc\u30b0\u306e\u53cd\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u3088\u308a\u671f\u9593\u3001\u69d8\u5f0f\u53cc\u65b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3088\u308a\u5e83\u304f\u6271\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u91cd\u8907\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u7f8e\u8853\u53f2\u5bb6\u305f\u3061\u306e\u69d8\u5f0f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u533a\u5206\u3051\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u62b5\u6297\u304b\u3089\u3001\u53cd\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u306e\u8a9e\u304c\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30022000\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u7f8e\u8853\u53f2\u5bb6\u306e\u5148\u99c6\u8005\u3067\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30fc\u30b0\u306e\u52a9\u8a00\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u30de\u30eb\u30b7\u30a2\u30fb\u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u30fb\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u304c\u5f7c\u5973\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u300c\u30e9\u30d5\u30a1\u30a8\u30eb\u4ee5\u5f8c:16\u4e16\u7d00\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7d75\u753b\u300d(\u539f\u984c:After Raphael: Painting in Central Italy in the Sixteenth Century)\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u4eba\u7269\u304b\u3089\u300c\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306a\u6b20\u9665\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3053\u306e\u8a9e\u3084\u4ed6\u306e\u8a9e\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u672c\u306e\u5192\u982d\u3067\u300c\u69d8\u5f0f\u533a\u5206\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8a00\u53ca\u300d\u306b\u3066\u8b1d\u7f6a\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001\u7528\u8a9e\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306b\u7559\u3081\u308b\u3068\u3057\u305f\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u6279\u5224\u3055\u308c\u305f[8] \u3002Table of Contents  \u7bc4\u56f2\u3068\u7279\u5fb4[\u7de8\u96c6]\u53cd\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u753b\u5bb6[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30ed\u30fc\u30de[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30d5\u30a3\u30ec\u30f3\u30c4\u30a7[\u7de8\u96c6]\u6ce8\u91c8[\u7de8\u96c6]\u51fa\u5178[\u7de8\u96c6]\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[\u7de8\u96c6]\u7bc4\u56f2\u3068\u7279\u5fb4[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304c\u60aa\u540d\u9ad8\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u307b\u3069\u306b\u8907\u96d1\u3067[9]\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u5927\u3044\u306b\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u9084\u5143\u7684\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53cd\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u8907\u96d1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30f4\u30a7\u30cd\u30c4\u30a3\u30a2\u3092\u306f\u3058\u3081\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5317\u90e8\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u3092\u7b46\u982d\u306b\u3001\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5730\u57df\u306f\u3001\u76db\u671f\u30eb\u30cd\u30c3\u30b5\u30f3\u30b9\u3068\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u53cc\u65b9\u306e\u53cd\u52d5\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3084\u3059\u3044\u5834\u6240\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5358\u306b\u5730\u57df\u7684\u306a\u30eb\u30cd\u30c3\u30b5\u30f3\u30b9\u69d8\u5f0f\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u767a\u5c55\u3092\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3082\u9069\u5ea6\u306a”\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30e9”(\u624b\u6cd5)\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u5bb9\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u53cd\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u69d8\u5f0f\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u5f97\u308b\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u306b\u5230\u9054\u3057\u305f[10] \u3002\u3053\u306e\u7528\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u30d5\u30a3\u30ec\u30f3\u30c4\u30a7\u3084\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u7d14\u7c8b\u306a”\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30e9”\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5965\u5e95\u306b\u6a2a\u305f\u308f\u308b\u539f\u7406\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u306f\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u6d41\u884c\u3057\u305f\u305d\u306e\u69d8\u5f0f\u306b\u53cd\u767a\u3057\u305f\u753b\u5bb6\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002 \u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30fc\u30b0\u306f\u3053\u306e\u8a9e\u306e\u63d0\u6848\u306b\u969b\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u5bfe\u5fdc\u95a2\u4fc2\u300d(counterpart)\u3084\u300c\u5bfe\u4f4d\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\u300d(counterpoint)\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8a9e\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3001\u300c\u3053\u308c\u3089\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u8a9e\u306e\u9593\u306b\u3042\u308b\u4e26\u884c\u6027\u3084\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u540c\u6642\u306b\u305d\u308c\u3089\u304c\u5bfe\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6697\u306b\u793a\u3059\u300d\u610f\u56f3\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[11]\u3002\u53cd\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u4f5c\u54c1\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u307f\u3089\u308c\u308b”\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30e9”\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u306f\u3001\u9069\u5ea6\u306b\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u4f5c\u54c1\u5185\u5bb9\u306e\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u30fb\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u63d0\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u6b20\u5982\u3001\u611f\u60c5\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u5fcc\u907f\u3084\u3001\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u30ec\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u304c\u6307\u6458\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u524d\u9762\u304b\u3064\u540c\u4e00\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u306b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u304c\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3001\u3057\u304b\u3082\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u57cb\u3081\u5c3d\u304f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002 \u6392\u9664\u3055\u308c\u305f”\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30e9”\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6559\u990a\u3042\u308b\u9451\u8cde\u8005\u304c\u63a2\u3057\u51fa\u3055\u306d\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u6975\u9650\u307e\u3067\u7a81\u304d\u8a70\u3081\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u885d\u52d5\u3001\u512a\u7f8e\u306a\u5370\u8c61\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5168\u3066\u3092\u72a0\u7272\u306b\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u3089\u3059\u308b\u610f\u6b32\u3001\u904a\u3073\u5fc3\u3084\u30a6\u30a3\u30c3\u30c8\u3001 \u7d75\u306e\u7d30\u90e8\u3084\u96f0\u56f2\u6c17\u304c\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u3060\u3068\u601d\u308f\u308c\u308b\u4eba\u7269\u306e\u90aa\u9b54\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u8986\u3044\u96a0\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a31\u5bb9\u3059\u308b\u614b\u5ea6\u304c\u5305\u542b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u69d8\u5f0f\u306f\u5b97\u6559\u753b\u306b\u3075\u3055\u308f\u3057\u3044\u4f5c\u6cd5\u3092\u5fa9\u8208\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3046\u3044\u3063\u305f\u5b97\u6559\u4e0a\u306e\u4e2d\u6838\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u304b\u3089\u6ce8\u610f\u3092\u9038\u3089\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u53bb\u3063\u305f[12] \u30021585\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3058\u307e\u308b\u3053\u306e\u69d8\u5f0f\u306e\u5186\u719f\u671f\u306b\u5165\u308b\u3068\u3001\u82b8\u8853\u5bb6\u3084\u6559\u4f1a\u306e\u4e0a\u5c64\u306f\u5927\u8846\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u8a34\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3001\u305d\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u3042\u3063\u305f\u53b3\u683c\u3055\u306f\u7de9\u548c\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6642\u306b\u306f\u611f\u50b7\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002[13]The term counter-maniera is not usually applied to the more radical Bolognese reaction of the \u30ab\u30e9\u30c3\u30c1\u5bb6\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09 from the 1580s, although this represented a more effective rejection of Mannerist artificiality. For Freedberg this was “a new and un-Maniera attitude to art”;[14] elsewhere he cautions against confusing Counter-Maniera with “anti-Maniera”, apparently reflecting “Anti-Mannerism”, the term used by \u30a6\u30a9\u30eb\u30bf\u30fc\u30fb\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c8\u30ec\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09 for the “palpable break in the stylistic development of Italian painting” that occurred “sometime around 1590”.[15]\u3053\u306e\u7528\u8a9e\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u306f\u5317\u65b9\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u306b\u306f\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53ca\u307c\u3055\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u4f55\u304c\u4f5c\u54c1\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u53cd\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u7684\u7279\u5fb4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u304b\u306f\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u30de\u30f3(\u6b74\u53f2\u5bb6)\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u306e\u8457\u4f5c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300e\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u300f(1967\u5e74)\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u7bc0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30fb\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u300a\u30c8\u30de\u30b9\u30fb\u30a2\u30af\u30a3\u30ca\u30b9\u306e\u5e7b\u8996\u300b\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30fc\u30b0\u306f\u30b5\u30f3\u30c8\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306a\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u305d\u306e\u985e\u4f3c\u6027\u306f\u8a8d\u3081\u3064\u3064\u3082\u3001\u69d8\u5f0f\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u304b\u3089\u5916\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[16]\u3002\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u306e\u53cd\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4ed6\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u540c\u3058\u304f\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30fc\u30b0\u304c\u5f7c\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u89e6\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u30d5\u30a7\u30c7\u30ea\u30b3\u30fb\u30d0\u30ed\u30c3\u30c1\u3092\u6319\u3052\u305f[17]\u3002 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1\u3057\u306a\u3044\u6b74\u53f2\u5bb6\u3068\u5bfe\u8a71\u3059\u308b\u6642\u9593\u304c\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b[23]\u3002\u53cd\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u753b\u5bb6[\u7de8\u96c6]  \u30c1\u30b4\u30ea\u300a\u30a4\u30b5\u30af\u306e\u72a0\u7272\u300b1607\u5e74\u9803\u30ed\u30fc\u30de[\u7de8\u96c6]\u30d5\u30a3\u30ec\u30f3\u30c4\u30a7[\u7de8\u96c6]\u6ce8\u91c8[\u7de8\u96c6]^ \u30b5\u30f3\u30fb\u30de\u30eb\u30b3\u3001\u30d5\u30a3\u30ec\u30f3\u30c4\u30a7[1]; Shearman\u306e\u8457\u66f8\u306e\u69d8\u5f0f\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u7b87\u6240\u306b\u3066\u53cd\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u306e\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[2]\u3002^ \u30c8\u30ea\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u516c\u4f1a\u8b70\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30c6\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u6539\u9769\u3068\u5bfe\u6297\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769(\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248)\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001Statements are often made along the lines of “The decrees of the Council of Trent stipulated that art was to be direct and compelling in its narrative presentation, that it was to provide an accurate presentation of the biblical narrative or saint\u2019s life, rather than adding incidental and imaginary moments, and that it was to encourage piety”, [4]\u3057\u304b\u3057\u73fe\u5b9f\u306b\u306f\u516c\u4f1a\u8b70\u306e\u6559\u4ee4\u306f\u3053\u3053\u306b\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3088\u308a\u306f\u308b\u304b\u306b\u660e\u77ad\u3055\u306b\u6b20\u3051\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u306f\u30ab\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u610f\u56f3\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u51fa\u5178[\u7de8\u96c6]^ Witcombe, Christopher L. C. E.. \u201cFROM MANNERISM TO BAROQUE Friedlaender and Wittkower\u201d (\u82f1\u8a9e).   ART and THEORY BAROQUE IN EUROPE. 2016\u5e743\u67083\u65e5\u6642\u70b9\u306e\u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb\u3088\u308a\u30a2\u30fc\u30ab\u30a4\u30d6\u30022016\u5e748\u670830\u65e5\u95b2\u89a7\u3002^ Shearman, 178.^ \u798f\u7530\u6dd1\u5b50\u300c\u300e\u7121\u539f\u7f6a\u306e\u5bbf\u308a\u300f\u306e\u8996\u899a\u5316 -\u56f3\u50cf\u3068\u795e\u5b66\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u3081\u3050\u3063\u3066-\u300d\u300e\u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66\u7dcf\u5408\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u7814\u7a76\u8a8c\u300f\u7b2c3\u5dfb\u3001\u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66\u7dcf\u5408\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u3001\u6771\u4eac\u30012015\u5e7410\u670821\u65e5\u3001 181\u9801\u3001 ISSN\u00a02187-8307\u3001 NAID\u00a0120005754738\u30012016\u5e749\u670830\u65e5\u95b2\u89a7\u3002^ Paoletti, John T; Radke, Gary M (1997), Art in Renaissance Italy, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, p.\u00a0514, ISBN\u00a00810919788, OCLC\u00a034669313\u00a0^ Freedberg, p 429; \u5f7c\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u6700\u3082\u9577\u304f\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7bc0\u306f429\u2013430\u9801\u306b\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002^ Smyth, p 17.\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30fc\u30b0\u306f\u3053\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u3088\u308a\u521d\u671f\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u3002^ Freedberg, pp. 429\u2013430.^ Murphy, Caroline P (2000-04). \u201cReview of: After Raphael: Painting in Central Italy in the Sixteenth Century by Marcia B. Hall, The Catholic Historical Review\u201d (\u82f1\u8a9e). The Catholic Historical Review. Bibliotheca artibus et historiae (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press) 86 (2):  324. JSTOR\u00a025025732. https:\/\/www.questia.com\/library\/journal\/1P3-56531266\/after-raphael-painting-in-central-italy-in-the-sixteenth.\u00a0^ Cropper\u53ca\u3073Smyth\u306e\u8b70\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001Shearman\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u3067\u3082\u89e6\u308c\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002^ Freedberg, p 563, and many passages on specific artists^ Freedberg, 429\u3088\u308a\u5f15\u7528\u3001\u53ca\u3073\u500b\u3005\u306e\u82b8\u8853\u5bb6\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3002; Friedl\u00e4nder, pp. 50\u201351.^ Freedberg, 429; Shearman, pp. 168\u2013169, pp. 178\u2013179; Friedl\u00e4nder, 6\u201310, and Part 1 generally^ Freedberg, pp. 657\u2013660.^ Freedberg, 566; Shearman, pp. 178\u2013179^ Friedl\u00e4nder, Part II, p. 47 \u3088\u308a\u5f15\u7528; Freedberg 606;\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u30cb\u30aa\u30fb\u30ab\u30f3\u30d4\u306e\u53cd\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u306fpp. 585\u2013587\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3002\u30b9\u30ad\u30d4\u30aa\u30fc\u30cd\u30fb\u30d1\u30eb\u30be\u30fc\u30cd\u306fp. 658\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3002”non-Maniera”\u3082\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f; ^ Shearman, 178; Freedberg, 624^ Shearman, 178; Freedberg, pp. 632\u2013640.^ Freedberg, pp. 428\u2013429^ Ellis, Lloyd H (2008), Raffaello Borghini’s Il Riposo, Lorenzo Da Ponte Italian Library, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, ISBN\u00a09781442692299, http:\/\/books.google.co.uk\/books?id=vni2P8iTRX8C&pg=PT84\u00a0, “Conclusion”; \u30dc\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u30cb\u306f\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30fc\u30b0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002^ Friedl\u00e4nder, pp. 50\u201351.^ \u30b8\u30ed\u30e9\u30e2\u30fb\u30e0\u30b8\u30a2\u30fc\u30ce\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3002Freedberg, p 499.^ 427\u9801\u3088\u308a\u5f15\u7528\u3002Freedberg,  pp. 427\u2013428.^ Bellori, Giovan Pietro (2005), Alice Sedgwick Wohl, Helmut Wohl and Tomaso Montanari, ed., The Lives of the Modern Painters, Sculptors and Architect: A New Translation and Critical Edition, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN\u00a09780521139540, https:\/\/books.google.co.jp\/books?id=Lm9gs8mXwOUC&redir_esc=y\u00a0[\u8981\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u756a\u53f7].\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[\u7de8\u96c6]Cropper, Elizabeth, “Introduction”, to Smyth (1992) belowFriedl\u00e4nder, Walter (1990), Mannerism and Anti-Mannerism in Italian Painting, New York: Columbia University Press, ISBN\u00a09780231083881, https:\/\/books.google.co.jp\/books?id=oqDziZhhee8C&redir_esc=y\u00a0Freedburg, Sidney J (1993-05-26), Painting in Italy, 1500\u20131600, The Yale University Press Pelican History of Art Series (3rd ed.), London: Yale University Press, ISBN\u00a00300055870\u00a0Shearman, John (1967), Mannerism (1st ed.), London: Pelican, ISBN\u00a00140208089, https:\/\/www.gwu.edu\/~art\/Temporary_SL\/105\/Reading105\/Shearman.pdf\u00a0Smyth, Craig Hugh; Cropper, Elizabeth (1992-12-31), Mannerism and “Maniera”, Bibliotheca artibus et historiae, Vienna: Irsa Verlag; Enlarged edition, ISBN\u00a03900731330\u00a0"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki9\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/jp\/wiki9\/archives\/282665#breadcrumbitem","name":"\u53cd\u30de\u30cb\u30a8\u30ea\u30b9\u30e0 – Wikipedia"}}]}]