Class of Lisbon – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Santa Maria Maior de Lisboa O Sé de Lisboa It is the cathedral of Lisbon and the oldest church in the city. Since the beginning of construction in 1147, the building has been modified several times and has survived several earthquakes. It is currently the result of a mixture of different architectural styles.

Lisbon is the seat of a diocese since the century IV d. C. After the period of Visigoda domination, the city was conquered by Muslims and remained under Arab control since the century VIII until the century XII , although Christians were allowed to live in Lisbon and the surroundings.

The first building was built between 1247 and Don Juan’s grandmother, in the first decades of the century XIII In late Romanesque style. At that time, the relics of San Vicente de Huesca (Patron of Lisbon) took the cathedral from the south of the country. At the end of the century XIII , King Dionisio I of Portugal built a Gothic convent and his successor, Alfonso IV converted the main chapel into a real pantheon for himself and his family. In 1498, Queen Leonor founded the Compassion of Lisbon in one of the chapels of the Cathedral convent. The Compassion It is a Catholic charitable institution that later expanded in other cities and was very important in Portugal and its colonies.

As for the origin of the building is widely accepted that begins by order of D. Afonso Henriques after the shot in the year 1147. But if we refer to the precedents in which the current building is based, the academics disagree in many points, mainly due to the lack of documentation caused after the fires that followed the Lisbon earthquake of 1755, and also of some previous earthquakes. In addition, there is also the circumstance that “the ancient writers, copying each other […], almost all affirm that our first king adapted to Christian temple the old mosque of the Moors” with what many later authors give for good Without further ado this fact and it takes several centuries to investigate in this regard. ^{[ first ]} ​

Among the most plausible hypotheses, we can highlight the one that defends the abbot of Castro (“or temple gives invocation of Santa María”) in which he mentions that there could have existed in the same place a pagan temple consecrated to the Sun god, in the time of Paulo of Roman olisipo (Apolo-Sol). This is supported by the finding of Roman inscriptions in the underground part of the cathedral discovered after the earthquake; a snake carved in the top that can symbolize Phiton (the one who killed the God); Also Emílio Hübner (“Archaeological Noticias of Portugal”) defends the existence of a pagan temple since the time of gross June, hypothesis that relies on the certainty of the existence of the Paulo de Olisipo forum in space in front of the main facade of I know, with a basilica or a temple among its buildings. It is also to take into account the conversion to the Christianity of the city at the time of Bishop Potamio, and the possibility that this or successors would have transformed the pagan temple into a temple of the Paleochristian of the central plant. This relies on the existence of a series of carved stones reused in the current headquarters. After the invasion by the Islamic peoples, some authors defend that the existing building had been used for use as a mosque, without introducing relevant reforms.

Most likely, D. Afonso Henriques will rebuild the headquarters on a building that would not be Arabic. In this way, what would occur would be the reform and expansion of a Paleochristian temple that emerged in constant times, used under Suevo and Visigoth domain, and possibly also under Islamic domain.

The certainty is that the current headquarters is a Romanesque cathedral of the century XII , to which various styles and currents will be superimposed during their history. With a normal influence on its original architecture, it probably brought by the crusaders from England. In this regard it is important to note that after the reconquest, an English crusade, Gilberto de Hastings, being accepted by the king and all ecclesiastical positions are chosen as a bishop

Although there is no assurance that he has been the set of the set, it is possible that the mestre Roberto de Lisbon is that character arrived with these crusaders. It is known that he had the direction of the works of the cathedral, and the execution of the main facade of the old cathedral of Coimbra is also attributed as well as the layout of his ships, a reference that we find in the “Livro Preto” of the Cathedral New coimbra. It really is known rather little about this character beyond these facts and its four visits to the old cathedral of Coimbra, but it is evident that due to its dimensions and proportions, certain compositional elements such as the facades, in addition to some decorative details, both Construcciones had to have identical architect, this being the most likely candidate. ^{[ 2 ]} ​

The first transformation carried out in the cathedral occurs at the end of the century XII , still under the reign of Alfonso III of Portugal. During this work an annex was executed on North Facade, from the arm of the transept to where the door of the same facade is now, this annex would later work as the Patriarch Chamber.

During the reign of Dionisio I of Portugal and surely with influences of Bishop D. Mateus (1258-1282) it is equipped with the headquarters of a cloister typical of the European monastic orders, with garden, balustrade, very decorated colonnatas and character peripatetic. This cloister has been given many nicknames such as “Cloister of Silence.” This intervention barely transformed the Romanesque skeleton.
The second batch of operations begins with the construction of what is known today as the chapel of São Bartolomeu two regulations. With this work the north facade ends up losing all its Romanesque windows and only a door remains of it that had to be transferred from the first section to the third and now remains semi-scheduled between both Gothic interventions. These works were carried out under the reign of Alfonso IV. ^{[ 2 ]} ​

Next, in the same reign, the entire Romanesque head was replaced by another ogival vault in April 1334. This is one of the greatest transformations suffered by the Romanesque skeleton of the headquarters. These works were probably executed with the idea of ​​consecrating a greater space for the worship of the city patron, San Vicente.

During this same stage of Alfonso IV there were two major earthquakes: in 1337 and in 1344, therefore, it is not surprising that all these transformations were carried out in the same period.
The earthquakes have always been a problem for Lisbon and for their cathedral. During the centuries XIV and XVI There were several, but the worst of all was 1755, which destroyed the Gothic Chapel and the Royal Pantheon. The convent and several chapels were also affected by the earthquake and posterior fire. The cathedral was partly rebuilt and, at the beginning of the century XX , it was given the appearance that it currently presents after a deep restoration. In recent years, various excavations have discovered Roman, Arab and medieval remains in the surroundings of the Cathedral.

N.º	Description
first	Sacristy
2	Patriarch dressing room
3	San Vicente Chapel
4	Most Sacrament Chapel
5	Holy Trinity Chapel
6	Capilla de Santa Ana
7	Antiguum notary
8	Capilla de San Ildefonso
9	Chapel of San Cosme and San Damián
ten	Chapel of Our Lady of La Piedad
11	San Sebastián Chapel
twelfth	Capilla de San Juan Evangelista
13	San Laureano Chapel
14	Chapel of Our Lady of Belém
15	Chapel of Jesus of the Judgment
16	Capilla de San Antonio de Lisbon
17	Chapel of Our Lady of Tocha
18	Capilla de San Aleixo
19	Capilla de San Miguel y Almas
20	Primitive Brotherhood of Mercy
21	Primitive Brotherhood of Mercy
22	?
23	Estavão Rodrigues and Mór Martins Sepultura

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