Island-Grande-Wikipedia

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L’ Île-Grande (in Breton: ENEZ VEUR ) is an island of the Manche, located at the northern limit of the Baie de Lannion, which is also a village in the town of Pleumeur-Bodou (department of Côtes-d’Armor, Brittany).

Situation [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The Ile-Grande is part of the town of Pleumeur-Bodou. On the coast, it is located between the town of Penvern in the town of Trébeurden (to which the island has been connected to the south by a bridge of about 50 meters) since 1891, and the town of Landrellec In the town of Pleumeur-Bodou on the continent to the east. Ile-Grande is separated from the town by a small bay of just over 1 kilometer, partially discovered at low tide and which also includes the downstream island (inhabited), the island of Erch and Enez Bihan (connected to the continent by a tongue of sand), and several other uninhabited islets to the east, including the Jaouen Island connected to low tide by a beach at a place called Bringuiller on the border of the municipalities of Pleuma-Bodou and Trégastel). Other uninhabited islets west of the Ile-Grande (and facing the Littoral of Trébeurden) are also part of the town of Pleumeur-Bodou (including the Canton Island, the largest that protects the two main beaches of Ile-Grande, and again Losquet Island and Fern Island in the southwest of Canton Island).

Geological framework [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

On the pink granite coast, more or less metamorphic sedimentary and volcano-sedimentary training [ first ] are overcome by the immense intrusive granitic Batholite Cadomian of Bréhat-Perros-Guirec. To the west, the granitic massif of Ploumanac’h was set up, of modest dimension (Ellipse of 12.4 × 7.7 km By taking into account progressive immersion at sea of ​​a platform with pitfalls) [ 2 ] . This Trégorrois massif shows a remarkable arrangement of the various lithological sets in three concentric halors [ 3 ] . Made up of the successive intrusion of three magmatic bodies they realize what is called a “centered complex” [ 4 ] . This granite massif is accessible in all its components thanks to the cutting of the shore, the importance of the foreshore and the number of granite islets close to the coast. The petrographic and structural variety (foliation, enclaves) of magmatic rocks thus constitutes a real open -air museum for amateur and professional geologists [ 5 ] .

The white-gray and fine grain leukogranites of the large island correspond to the internal halo of the centered complex of Ploumanac’h and form an asymmetrical dome weakly hailed by erosion. Two varieties constitute this halo: one internal, gray-blue, with biotite (more muscovite subordinate on the border); the other external to two micas (biotite and muscovite) with the presence of pinitized cordierite, flush at the tip of Toul ar stoon [ 6 ] .

The gray-blue granite in Biotite was used in the “great career” of Castel Erek which operated from 1908 to 1979, the date which sees the site sold to the League for Bird Protection [ 7 ] .

An island of a difficult approach [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The rugged surroundings of the island itself and the islets which surround it, the few natural shelters under the prevailing winds, the presence of very numerous reefs and the dangers resulting from the formation of strong current currents at the time of great tides, constitute in themselves as many factors not favorable to the development of maritime traffic on this reputable coast inhospitable [ 8 ] .

In 1891, the construction of a bridge, on the initiative of Alexandre Godel [ 9 ] allows it to be linked to the earth. At this time, the island barely had around forty houses and 150 to 200 inhabitants.
This bridge was later rebuilt in 1946 and then in 1974.

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The abundance of an exceptional granite granite, known since at least the Middle Ages (for example the grande Island granite was used to build the Cathedral of Tréguier XIV It is And XV It is centuries) highly marked the landscape.

From the middle of XIX It is A century and until the 1950s, the local economy developed thanks to the intensive exploitation of granite in many points on the island. The careers, now closed, have provided gray-blue-blue granite to biotite and whitish gray granite with two micas [ ten ] . The population is then a worker, the fishermen and the farmers are rare.

Extraction households were scattered on a coastal strip approximately 18 km , which thwarted for a long time the realization of sustainable port equipment.

From the 1860 decade, part of the production of granite was transported by Gabare, going up the Ria du Léguer, to the Quai-d’Aiguillon in the port of Lannion, then transported by carts pulled by horses to At Lannion station, in order to then be shipped by rail.

The , the Mac-Mahon president , came to load the edges of sidewalks in Run-Ar-Laout, near the downstream island, bound for Bordeaux, hit the Dreno and Sombra reef.

The Saint-Sauveur hold was built in 1908, at the expense of a Belgian industrialist, Watelet; She was served by a small railway with steam locomotive, which was used to transport the stones extracted from the career of Kastell-Erek. In this career, the digging of the rock has reached 35 meters below sea level; A high wall, about fifty meters long and reinforced by foothills, was built to avoid flooding by sea [ 11 ] .

Jets, built by the quarryers themselves, the remains of which are nowadays dislocated, are still visible on certain islets, and a tagging somewhat accessing access (a masonry turret on Garrec-Ar-Merg, a tag in wood, painted, surmounted by a cylindrical indicator, on Garrec-Ar-Gentil and another on the island of Ker-Aliès) was set up [ twelfth ] .

At the beginning of XX It is around 8 000 tons of granite were exported each year from Ile-Grande to Boulogne, Le Havre, Cherbourg, Brest, Bordeaux, etc. “Lannion Journal” of evokes a traffic from 500 to 600 boats each year, attending, for lack of platform, the various stranding strikes; A report of the bridges and roads of 1907 indicates that more than 200 ships come to take charge each year [ twelfth ] .

The Granite of Île-Grande was used to build the Bordeaux Basin, as well as many road works; For example, part of the famous “northern cobblestones” become famous thanks to the Paris-Roubaix cycling race come from. The great career of Kastell Erek provided cobblestones to the city of Le Havre, in Caen in 1922, for the port of Granville and that of Rouen in 1923, etc. [ 11 ] .

Autarkic development [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Distant to the town of Pleumeur-Bodou, the island develops in Autarcia, has some trade stores and brings together most of the municipal population.

During the XIX It is century, and up to the middle of XX It is , this situation arouses desires for secession with Pleumeur-Bodou on the part of the population. There are still some traces left today. But the requests never succeeded despite several agreements of the municipal council. Only religious autonomy is acquired, the , when the island is erected as a parish.

The white lichen [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

White lichen harvest (Lecano Ara) was organized from 1896 by a merchant, Mrs. Le Bail-Coadou, on the northwest coast of the Côtes-du-Nord; The center of this trade was on Île-Grande [ twelfth ] .

Ardouin-Dumazet mentioned in “Travel in France” “The picking of this lichen called” sea mousse “whose use is considerable in pharmacy, occupy a large number of them. This white and gelatinous lichen gives rise to a fairly large trade ”.

The good times [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The is laid the first stone of the Saint-Marc church, blessed the . Built by architects Émile Genest and Claude-Joseph Lageat, it replaces the old destroyed chapel.

Between two wars [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The small dwellings of local workers turn their backs to the prevailing winds, in the south of the island. During the first half of the XX It is A century, the nucleus of constructions extends along the road to Toul-Ar-Stang to the port to the west. But it was especially after 1945 that many subdivisions were developed north and east.

The Second World War [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

During the Second World War, the Alibi Resistance Information Network set up maritime connections by fast stars with Great Britain. A stele in Port-Gelen recalls the action of this network on Île-Grande. One of the navigators in these stars was Jane Birkin’s father.

After the Second World War [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

In the 1950s and 1960s, jobs in the French Navy and the Commerce Navy occupied a good part in the island’s economy.

Island-Grande. – the LPO center

It’s the that we can read in the Official newspaper that the inhabitants of the island can be called “Ile-Grande”.

Since the 1960s, with the construction of the radome, the arrival of the CNET in Lannion and summer tourism, Île-Grande has benefited from these jobs and retained its children in the region.

Île-Grande has some shops (crêperies, cafes, direct sale of fishing products …) and some craftsmen and artists offering visits and sales in workshops.

The island is one of the walking places appreciated for the wild character of the landscape.

The Ile-Grande has a station in the League for Bird Protection (LPO), where video images can be seen live from Rouzic Island, an island in the Sept-Îles archipelago.

  • The covered alley

  • The Saint-Marc church

  • The Saint-Sauveur fountain.

  • Calvary of the Saint Marc church

  • Porz incoming

  • The Saint-Sauveur port and the little fern beacon

  • The Saint-Sauveur port

  • La Point of Toull’s Staon

  • Les vestiges du Poste de Garde-Côte (Ti guard)

  • Large Island, Chemin An Ervillo

  • The old quarries

  • The Rocher du Corbeau
  • Joseph Conrad (1857-1924), English writer, stayed on Île-Grande on the occasion of his wedding trip and occupied between the and the A house located at the corner of rue du Port and current rue Joseph-Conrad. He begins the writing of one of his most famous novels there The Rescue ( The rescue ) which will not be completed until 1920 [ 15 ] , [ 16 ] .
  • Yann Paranthoën (1935-2005), radio documentary maker, was born and lived on the island for a long time. He had installed a radio studio there [ 17 ] .
  • Thierry Compain (1953-), director of 17 films on Lîle-Grande for television [ 18 ]
  1. ↑ The ancient iCartian base of the region is characterized by the gneiss of Port Beni and Trébeurden constituted by various rocks (leptynites, granitic and granodioritic gneiss, gneiss, micaschists, amphibolites) resulting from the metamorphism of series of essentially volcanic origin (Calco -Alcalines, from basalts to rhyolitis) or plutonic (granites and porphyroid granodiorites)
  2. ↑ Yannick Lageat, Julie Nicolazo, «  The invention of the pink granite coast (Brittany) and the stages of the valuation of a geomorphosite », Bulletin of the association of French geographers , vol. eighty six, n O 1, , p. 125 ( read online ) .
  3. ↑ Geological map of the Ploumanac’h granitic complex after Michel Barrière (1976) – Drawing by Jean Pllaine
  4. ↑ Michel Barrière, ” The architecture of the eruptive complex and centered with Ploumanac’h », Bull. B.R.G.M. , vol. 2, n O 1, , p. 247-295 .
  5. ↑ C. Lorenz, Geology of European countries , Dunod, , p. 149 .
  6. ↑ Pierrick Graviou and Christophe Noble, Geological curiosities of Trégor and Goëlo , Apogée editions, , p. 54 .
  7. ↑ ‘ Castel » , on pleumeur-bdou.com (consulted the ) .
  8. ↑ André le Pape and Jacques Roignant, “1850-1950. A century of cabotage navigation in Brittany”, Nature and Brittany, Spezet, (ISBN  2-8525708-1-5 )
  9. ↑ Alexandre Godel, dodged le in Fermanville (Manche), deceased on to Pleumeur-Bodou, operator of granite careers.
  10. ↑ Yannick Lageat, Julie Nicolazo, «  The invention of the pink granite coast (Brittany) and the stages of the valuation of a geomorphosite », Bulletin of the association of French geographers , vol. eighty six, n O 1, , p. 127 ( read online ) .
  11. ↑ a et b Serge Le Maléfan , Granites in Brittany: a stone, landscapes and men , Special, coop Breizh, , 255 p. (ISBN  978-2-84346-588-8 ) .
  12. ↑ A B and C André Le Pape and Jacques Roignant, “1850-1950. A century of cabotage navigation in Brittany”, Nature and Brittany, Spezet, 1995, (ISBN  2-8525708-1-5 )
  13. ↑ Notice n O PA00089436 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture
  14. ↑ ‘ Saint-Marc church of Île-Grande » , on General inventory of cultural heritage
  15. ↑ ‘ Joseph Conrad in Lannion and Ile-Grande » , on Writers ,
  16. ↑ ‘ Joseph Conrad The Forçat of Ile-Grande » , on The telegram ,
  17. ↑ ‘ association Yann Paranthoen » , on Omcl the plewor-bodou
  18. ↑ ‘ Valsez years », The world ,

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