Language Buuchasquio – SpeedyLook encyclopedia

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He buruchasquio , [ required appointment ] also called Burushaski O Burusaski , it is a language spoken by Burusho, A town of 87 thousand inhabitants in Pakistan, in the area of ​​the western northwest of Gilgit-Baltistan or Dardistan, to the north of the Indian state of Jammu and Cashmiro, in the valleys of Hunza and Nagar. [ first ] ​ [ 2 ] The place where the linguistic domain is located is located more than 2000 meters above sea level, in a territory near the Karakórum mountain range and through which the Gilgit and Hunza rivers also pass. In addition, some 300 Burušos (Gentilicio del Burucholasquio) live in the city of Srinagar, northwest of India. [ 3 ] ​ [ 4 ] Other names used to refer to this language are Bruga , Fuck (of English When ), Verkikwār , the boairki , brushes (brushias) y miśaski .

Classification and History [ To edit ]

The Burucholasquio language has not been classified within any of the great linguistic families, although attempts have been made to relate it to Caucasian, Dravid and Munda families and with the Sumerian and Ket languages. However, it currently does not have demonstrated relatives and remains an isolated language. [ 5 ] ​

The Burušo are the remnant that has remained of the native preindeauropea population that inhabited the north of the Indostan. Formerly, this language was spoken in what is currently the territory of the dardium and shares some superficial characteristics with the Indo -European dárdica languages, the result of coexistence during the last centuries. In the area between the valleys of Nagar and Yasin, where the Burucholasquio language was frequently used, it has currently been replaced by shina, a dárdica language.

Sometimes the term “bourucho” is used extensively to designate jointly, to the bourucho ( Buruski proper) and to Wersikwar , a variant related to Burshaski but mutually intelligible with the first, this last dialect is spoken in the Yasin River Valley in Kashmir.

Grammatical description [ To edit ]

Phonology [ To edit ]

The Burcholasquia tongue has five vowels (/i, e, a, o, u/). Some contacts between vowels give rise to long vowels. The tonic vowels (marked with acute accents in the transcription of the Berger) tend to be phonetically a little longer and less open than their corresponding atresses ([I e a o u] in front of [ɪ ɛ ɔ ɔ ʊ] ). Long vowels may also appear in a few onomatopoeic words. [ required appointment ] All vowels have nasal alophones in Hunza and Nager languages.

In addition, Berger (1998) reports the following consonant phoneme inventory, for which the transcription corresponding to the IPA has been used:

Grades:

[a] Pronunciation varies between: [pʰ] ~ [p͡f] ~ [f] .
[b] Pronunciation varies between: [qʰ] ~ [qhx] ~ [x] .
[c] Yasin’s dialect lacks aspirated Africades and uses the corresponding simple.
[d] Sometimes pronounced as [ʑ] .
[It is] Sometimes pronounced as [ʐ] .
[f] Berger (1998) considers [W] and [J] as alophones of / u / and / i / that occur next to tonic vocals.
[g] This phoneme has several pronunciations or alophones, all of them are typologically rare in the languages ​​of the world. The descriptions of these alophones include: “A retrofleja sibilant with a simultaneous back-palatal narrowing (something like [ʐʲ] ) (Berger 1998); “a r fricative, pronounced with the tongue in retrofleja “(something like [ɻ̝] / [ʐ̞] , a sound that also appear in standard mandarin, written r in Pinyin) (Morgenstierne 1945); and “a curious sound whose phonetic realization varies from an approximate ventrophleja to a velarized retrofleja fricative” (Anderson, in the press). In all cases, these sounds do not appear in Yasin’s dialect, while in Hunza’s and Nager’s only appear inside the word.

Morphosyntaxis [ To edit ]

The substantive distinguishes four classes or grammatical genres for names: for male beings, female beings, other animated beings (animals, etc.) and everything that is not included in the three previous categories. Two grammatical numbers are also distinguished: singular and plural, forming the plural in several very heterogeneous ways, although two common suffixes are -O and -anc , as please ‘bird’, plural bales . The indefinite marker is -an as suffix in the names.

The verbs are divided into primary, with future, past and imperative, and secondary, with the other conjugations.

In any morphostactic food, the buuchasquio is a ergative language, cuyo basic frame scheme is the subject, object and verb.

Lexicon [ To edit ]

The numbers from 1 to 10 are Not, Altan, Isken, Walto, Cundo, Mišindo, Talo, Altambo, Hunco, Torumo . The highest numbers of 1000 are based on multiples of 20 and 40.

References [ To edit ]

external links [ To edit ]