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The black king is drowned , it has no legal movements which gives a draw.

In chess, the King Drown —The simply drowned – It is a situation that occurs when the player of who is the turn has no legal moves to perform and the king is not in check, that is, the king cannot move to other boxes because he would be in check position or Because they are occupied by their own pieces or foreign pieces that are defended, and also the player does not have other pieces that can move or capture adversary pieces. This is also known as tables by King Drowned.

During the finals, the King Drown is a resource that can allow to tie in a lower position. In more complex positions where there are many pieces, there are hardly any situations where the drowned can occur.

It is also a common issue in the composition of studies of late and other chess problems.

HISTORY OF THE DRAWINGS [ To edit ]

The rules for the drowned king have been quite controversial throughout history. Although a drowning is universally accepted as a draw, this has not been the case in much of the history of chess. At the beginning of modern chess, the drowned was a victory for the player to move. This practice persisted in chess until the early century XV . However, the drowning was considered a lower victory, so when it was played for money, only half of the station was received, and thus continued in Spain until the end of the century XVI . The rules in England since the century XVII until the XIX They considered the drowning as a lost game for the player who had to start the game, play rule that eminent chess historians attribute to Russian chess. This rule disappears in England before 1820, being replaced by the French and Italian regulation, where the King Drowned is considered a draw.

Assuming that black is drowned, throughout history it has been considered:

  • Victoria for White in the century X in Arabia and much of medieval Europe.
  • Half victory for white In an betting game, white wins half of the bet (century XVIII in Spain).
  • Victoria for Black In the century IX In India and in the century XVII in Russia and in central Europe and since the century XVII and XVIII in England. Explaining the reasons for this rule, it is said that: “He who puts his adversary king in a drowning, loses the game because he has denatured the natural course of the game that should only end with a great mate check.” This rule continued to be published in Hoyle’s Games Improved Until the end of 1866. Murray wrote in 1913: “The rule continued to appear in editions after 1857 and I met people who argued that this rule was in force.”
  • Illegal play : If the target made a movement that put black in a stormy situation, then it had to retract and make a different movement to that (in the east Asian until the beginning of the century XX ). Murray also wrote in the Indian chess and Persian chess , two of the three main ways of playing chess back in 1913, which a player is not allowed to make a movement that placed his opponent in a position of King Drowned. The same rule applies to Burmese chess . At that time the drowning was not allowed in most East Asian countries (specifically in Burma, India, Japan and Siam) until the beginning of the century XX .
  • Black loses its turn to move In some parts of medieval France.
  • A tie : This rule was established in Italy of the century XIII , later in Germany of the century XV , although some players gave him a treatment equivalent to a mate check. Finally this rule was adopted throughout Europe, but not in England until the century arrived XIX por Jacob Sarratt.

See also [ To edit ]