List of re-education through labor camps in China

Re-education through labor (RTL; in Chinese, laodong jiaoyang 劳动教养, abbreviated láojiào 劳教) is a system of administrative detentions in the People’s Republic of China. The estimated number of detainees in re-education through labor camps is anywhere from 300,000 (China Labor Bulletin, 2007)^[1] to 2 million (Laogai Research Foundation, 2006).^[2] There are at least 310 camps in China (China Daily, 2007).^[3]

Name	Enterprise name	City/County/District	Village/Town	Established	Notes
Cencun RTL	Guangzhou City Dongsheng Mine Works	Tianhe District, Guangzhou City	Cencun, Wushan	1984
Chatou RTL	Guangzhou Yuqing handicraft plant; previously Chatou Farm[2]	Baiyun District, Guangzhou City	Chatou Island, Shijing Town	1986
Chatou Women’s RTL		Baiyun District, Guangzhou City	Chatou
Dongkeng RTL	Guangzhou City Dongkeng Stone Mine	Guangzhou City	Dongkeng, Tonghe	July 1982
Foshan RTL		Foshan City	7 Laixiang Road, Shiwan Town		Had over 2,000 detainees in 2001
Guangzhou No. 1 RTL	Chini Stone Quarry	Huadu District	Hexi Village, Chini Town		Also called Huadu Chini RTL
Guangzhou No. 2 RTL	Stone Mine	Huadu District	Buxi Village, Tanbu Town	May 1974	Moved to present location in June 2002
Guangzhou No. 3 RTL	Guangzhou Chini Cement Factory	Huadu District	Gangmeitou, Hengsha Village, Chini Town
Hengshanguo RTL		Sanshui District, Foshan City
Huizhou Municipal RTL		Huizhou City	Huicheng District, Sandong Town
Jiangmen RTL		Jiangmen City	southwest corner	May 1982	Designated an RTL in February 1986
Meizhou RTL		Meizhou City	Meijiang District	1983	Moved outside the city in 1985
Municipal Juvenile RTL		Guangzhou	Baiyun District
Municipal RTL for Drug Users		Guangdong	Baiyun District
Provincial Juvenile RTL
Provincial No. 2 RTL for Drug Users		Unknown
Provincial RTL for Drug Offenders					Official became an RTL specifically for drug offenders in July 1995
Sanshui RTL	Hengshengwo Farm; Sanshui Farm	Sanshui County	3 kilometers east of Huangtang	1955	RTL for women
Shanwei Municipal RTL		Shanwei City, Lufeng District	Beiyang Town	March 2003	Construction began in 1999, but didn’t accept inmates until 2003
Shenzhen No. 1 RTL		Luohu District, Shenzhen City	North Jinbi Road, Shangbu	1981
Shenzhen No. 2 RTL		Shenzhen City			Also called Longhuazhen RTL
Tan’gang RTL	Tan’gang Fire Hose Factory; Construction Materials Factory	Guangzhou City	Xingcha Road, Tan’gang, Chatou
Yingde RTL	Makou Farm	Yingde County	Makou
Zengcheng RTL		Zengcheng City		1950	Originally called Labu RTL. First RTL established in Guangdong. Capacity of 3,500.
Zhongshan RTL		Zhongshan City	Dahuantang, Maling	1993	Didn’t have any detainees until 1997
Zhuhai Municipal RTL		Zhuhai City		Oct 2003

Name	Enterprise name	City/County/District	Village/Town	Established	Notes
Bainihu RTL		Xiangyin County	Gaolin Xincheng Development District	1972	Only RTL farm in Hunan
Baimalong Women’s RTL		Zhuzhou City	Baimalong, Baifeng	1958	Only women’s RTL in Hunan
Changde RTL	Changde City Xinsheng Switchgear Plant	Changde City	Jubaocun, Wuling District	1983	Receives both local RTL inmates, and drug offenders from neighboring areas
Changqiao RTL	Changqiao Horticultural Farm	Changsha City	Across from Changsha Police School (Changsha Yuanda Road)	1963	Formerly located at Changqiao, Changsha City. Since establishment, has held over 40,000 detainees.
Changsha City Drug Rehabilitation RTL		Changsha City	Yuanda Road
Changsha Women’s RTL	Hunan Silk Mill	Changsha City	6 Dongfeng Roa	1950
Chenzhou RTL		Chenzhou City	7 Shiliuwan	1981
Hengyang RTL		Hengyang City	Huaxin Development District		Construction began in 1950.
Huaihua RTL		Huaihua City	Xichong Village		Construction began in 1981.
Hunan Juvenile Offender Detachment		Yuhua District, Changsha City	North Tiyuan Road	September 2003	Only RTL in Hunan with juvenile detainees
Loudi RTL		Louxing District, Loudi City	11 Groups Xiaoke Residence Committee Dake Office	December 1983
Pingtang RTL	Hunan Provincial Xinsheng Cement Factory	Hexi District, Changsha City	Pingtang Town	1979	Prisoners are drug offenders, those who have escaped from other RTLs, or those who have been labelled “difficult.”
Shaoyang RTL		Shaoyang City	Chengdong Guanyin Tang
Xiangtan RTL	Xiangtan Jianshe Farm	Xiangtan City	Jiuhua Economic District	1972
Xinkaipu RTL	Hunan Switch Factory	Changsha City	174 Xinkaipu Road, Jincha	1952
Yiyang RTL		Yiyang City suburbs	Yangshu Village, Changchun Town	1983
Yongzhou RTL		Yongzhou City	Near Yonglian Highway
Yueyang RTL		Linxiang City, west suburbs	Sanjiaoping	1984	Originally called Junshan Farm
Xiangxi Prefecture RTL		Jishou City	Yaxi Village, Yangjiaping	November 1981
Zhuzhou RTL		Hetang District, Zhuzhou City	Songjia Qiaoyou Pu’ao	November 1983

Name	Enterprise name	City/County/District	Village/Town	Established	Notes
Handan RTL	Xinsheng Machine Factory	Handan City
Ji’nan RTL	Ji’nan City Yujin Building Equipment Factory	Ji’nan City	24 Liuchangshan Rd.		Also called Liuchangshan RTL. Reported to hold Falun Gong practitioners.[2]
Ji’ning RTL	Ji’ning City 80 Motor Repair Shop	Ji’ning City
Provincial No. 1 RTL	Shandong Shengjian 83 Factory	Zhoucun District, Zibo	Southwest of Wangcun Town	1958	Also called Shandong Shengjian Basan RTL. Designated as “open to the public” in February 1982. Reported to mine clay for export to Japan.[6]
Provincial No. 1 Women’s RTL		Jinan	20 Jiangshuiquan Rd.		Also called Jiangshuiquan RTL; adopted present name in 2001. Reported to hold Falun Gong practitioners.[2]
Provincial No. 2 RTL		Zhoucun, Zibo	Basan Factory, Wangcun Town		Reported to hold Falun Gong practitioners.[2]
Provincial No. 2 Women’s RTL		Zhoucun, Zibo	Wangcun Town	Nov 2003	Reported to hold Falun Gong practitioners.[2]
Shandong Provincial RTL		Wangcun District, Zibo			Also called Shandong Provincial Zibo Wangcun RTL; its four branches are Provincial No. 1 RTL, Provincial No. 1 Women’s RTL, Provincial No. 2 RTL, and Provincial No. 2 Women’s RTL
Qingdao RTL	Longyuan Steel Pipe Works; Qingdao Auto Damper Work	Licang District, Qingdao	2 Shangyuan Rd.		Reported to hold Falun Gong practitioners.[2]
Weifang RTL	Weifang Jinfan Chemical Plant; Weifang Changle Rock Material Plant	Weifang City			Also called Changle RTL. Reported to hold Falun Gong practitioners; has a production contract with a Chinese/American business.[2]
Zaozhuang RTL	Zaozhuang Shengjian Coal Mine	Zaozhuang		1984
Zibo RTL	Boshan Tool Factory	Boshan District, Zibo	Qiugucun	Jan 1981

Name	Enterprise name	City/County/District	Village/Town	Established	Notes
Changdu RTL		Unknown
Duilong RTL		Doilungdêqên County, Lhasa			Possibly the same location as Trisam, known under an alternate name.
Lhasa RTL		Lhasa
Ngari RTL		Ngari Prefecture	Ali, Tibet	July 2004
Rikaze RTL		Shigatse Prefecture
Trisam RTL[7]			West or southwest of Lhasa	1991-1992	Believed to now be a mandatory education or rehabilitation centre. It has been proposed to now operate as Duilong Compulsory Isolation and Rehabilitation Centre.[8] Trisam, known colloquially after a bridge nearby, is situated around 14 kilometres west of Lhasa city centre in the western suburbs, just inside Toelung Dechen (Chinese: Duilong Deqing) county. Under the RTL system, detainees could be imprisoned there by administrative order for up to three years, carrying out various labour tasks ranging from tending vegetables and emptying septic pits to performing construction labour. Four Trisam prisoners are known to have died between 1987 and 1998 due to abuse at Trisam and earlier places of detention, three of them within three months after release and one while in custody.
Xizang RTL		Troelung, Dechen County, 10 km. east of Lhasa		Sept 1991	Possibly the same location as Trisam, known under an alternate name.

Sources[edit]

Unless otherwise specified, information is from the following source: